Romania's political framework is a semi-presidential representative democratic republic where the Prime Minister is the head of government while the President represents the country internationally, signs some decrees, approves laws promulgated by parliament and nominations as head of state. Romania has a multi-party system, with legislative power vested in the government and the two chambers of Parliament: the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. From 1948 until 1989, the Communist rule political structure took place in the framework of a one-party socialist republic governed by the Romanian Communist Party (PCR) as its only legal party.
Viktor Mihály Orbán is a Hungarian politician who has served as Prime Minister of Hungary since 2010, previously holding the office from 1998 to 2002. He has presided over Fidesz, a national conservative political party, since 1993, with a brief break between 2000 and 2003.
The National Liberal Party is the first and most significant centre-right conservative-liberal and liberal-conservative political party in Romania. Refounded in mid January 1990, shortly after the violent and bloody 1989 Romanian Revolution which culminated in the fall of communism in Romania, it claims the legacy of the major political party of the same name, active between 1875 and 1947 in the Kingdom of Romania. Based on this legacy, it often presents itself as the first formally constituted political party in the country and the oldest party from the family of European liberal parties.
Monica Luisa Macovei is a Romanian politician, lawyer and former prosecutor, currently a Member of the European Parliament from the European Conservatives and Reformists and formerly a member of the Romanian Democratic Liberal Party (PDL). She was the Minister of Justice of Romania in the first cabinet of Prime Minister Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu. In this position she was credited with implementing the justice reforms required for Romania to become a member state of the European Union. Macovei was also an independent candidate in Romania's 2014 presidential elections.
Sushma Swaraj was an Indian politician and a Supreme Court lawyer. A senior leader of Bharatiya Janata Party, Swaraj served as the Minister of External Affairs of India in the first Narendra Modi government (2014–2019). She was the second woman to hold the office, after Indira Gandhi. She was elected seven times as a Member of Parliament and three times as a Member of the Legislative Assembly. At the age of 25 in 1977, she became the youngest cabinet minister of Indian state of Haryana. She also served as 5th Chief Minister of Delhi for a short duration in 1998 and became the First female Chief Minister of Delhi.
Leonard Orban is a Romanian independent technocrat who served as the Commissioner for Multilingualism in the European Commission, the executive body of the European Union (EU). He was responsible for the EU language policy and was the first Romanian Commissioner and the first member of the Commission whose portfolio is exclusively multilingualism. His term of office began on 1 January 2007 and ended on 9 February 2010. With a background in engineering and economics, Orban has taken up various posts working for the accession of Romania to the European Union, most prominently as Deputy and later as Chief Negotiator for his country at the time of final negotiations with the European Union.
Cătălin Marian Predoiu is a Romanian lawyer who served as the ad interim Prime Minister of Romania from February 6 to 9 February 2012, following the resignation of Emil Boc. He had previously been the Minister of Justice of Romania since 29 February 2008.
Ludovic Orban is a Romanian engineer and politician who served as the Prime Minister of Romania from November 2019 to December 2020. The current leader of the National Liberal Party (PNL), he was previously Minister of Transport from April 2007 to December 2008 in the second Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu cabinet. In addition, he was a member of the Romanian Chamber of Deputies for Bucharest from 2008 to 2016. He resumed his parliamentary seat within the Chamber of Deputies after the 2020 legislative elections, being shortly thereafter also elected its president.
Radu Mircea Berceanu is a Romanian engineer and politician. A member of the Democratic Liberal Party (PD-L), he was a member of the Romanian Chamber of Deputies for Dolj County from 1990 to 2004, and sat in the Romanian Senate from 2004 to 2012, representing the same county. In the Radu Vasile and Mugur Isărescu cabinets, he was Minister of Industry and Commerce from 1998 to 2000; in the first Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu cabinet, he was Minister of Transport, Construction and Tourism from 2006 to 2007; and in the Emil Boc cabinet, he was Minister of Transport and Infrastructure from December 2008 to September 2010. From October to December 2009, he was also acting Minister of Agriculture following the political crisis that led to the withdrawal of the Social Democratic Party from government.
Nicolae Callimachi-Catargiu was a conservative Romanian politician who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs in two terms from November 28, 1869 to February 1, 1870 and December 18, 1870 until March 11, 1871, and as a Romanian envoy to London and Paris.
The 2018 Hungarian parliamentary election took place on 8 April 2018. This parliamentary election was the eighth since the 1990 first multi-party election and the second since the adoption of a new Constitution of Hungary which came into force on 1 January 2012. The result was a victory for the Fidesz–KDNP alliance, preserving its two-thirds majority, with Viktor Orbán remaining Prime Minister. Orbán and Fidesz campaigned primarily on the issues of immigration and foreign meddling, and the election was seen as a victory for right-wing populism in Europe.
The First Orban cabinet was the government of Romania until 14 March 2020. It was a minority administration led by Ludovic Orban, the leader of the National Liberal Party (PNL), who received the support of a parliamentary majority on 4 November 2019 and entered office the same day. It included a confidence-and-supply agreement with the Save Romania Union (USR) and the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR), as well as other smaller parties.
Florin Vasile Cîțu is a Romanian politician who currently serves as the Prime Minister of Romania. Previously, he served as Minister of Public Finance in both the first and second cabinet of former PNL Prime Minister Ludovic Orban between 2019 and 2020.
The COVID-19 pandemic in Romania is part of the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The virus was confirmed to have reached Romania on 26 February 2020, when the first case in Gorj County was confirmed.
The Second Orban cabinet was the government of Romania until the 2020 legislative elections. It was a minority administration led by Ludovic Orban, the leader of the National Liberal Party (PNL), who received the support of a parliamentary majority on 14 March 2020 and entered office the same day. It included a wide de facto confidence-and-supply with the other parties, in the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Events from the year 2020 in Romania.
Violeta Alexandru is a Romanian politician. She served as Minister of Labour and Social Protection in the first Orban Cabinet led by Prime Minister Ludovic Orban. As of 14 March 2020, she serves in this position in the second Orban Cabinet.
The Cîțu Cabinet is the current government of Romania, led by Florin Cîțu.
Lucian Bode is a Romanian politician who has been serving as Minister of Internal Affairs in the Cîțu Cabinet, led by Prime Minister Florin Cîțu, as of 23 December 2020. He previously served as Minister for Transport, Information and Communications in the first cabinet and second cabinet led by Ludovic Orban. He is affiliated with the National Liberal Party (PNL).
The Aromanians in Romania are a non-recognized ethnic minority in Romania that numbered around 26,500 people in 2006. Legally, Romania regards the Aromanians and other groups such as the Megleno-Romanians and the Istro-Romanians as part of the Romanian nation. This is according to a promulgated legislation according to which Romania supports the rights of all those who "assume a Romanian cultural identity, people of Romanian origin and persons that belong to the Romanian linguistic and cultural vein, Romanians who live outside Romania, regardless how they are called". Such is also the stance of the Romanian Academy.
