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References
- 1 2 3 État présent de l'empire ottoman, p. 168.
- ↑ L'ami de la religion, p. 316.
- 1 2 Strauss, Johann. "Language and power in the late Ottoman Empire" (Chapter 7). In: Murphey, Rhoads (editor). Imperial Lineages and Legacies in the Eastern Mediterranean: Recording the Imprint of Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman Rule (Volume 18 of Birmingham Byzantine and Ottoman Studies). Routledge, 7 July 2016. ISBN 1317118448, 9781317118442. Google Books PT192.
- ↑ Nemeth, Titus (2017-07-20). Arabic Type-Making in the Machine Age: The Influence of Technology on the Form of Arabic Type, 1908–1993. Brill. p. 29. ISBN 978-90-04-34930-8.
- 1 2 État présent de l'empire ottoman, p. 169.
- ↑ Annuaire des deux mondes : histoire générale des divers États, p. 814.