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St. Martinville is a city in and the parish seat of St. Martin Parish,Louisiana,United States. It lies on Bayou Teche,13 miles (21 km) south of Breaux Bridge,16 miles (26 km) southeast of Lafayette,and 9 miles (14 km) north of New Iberia. The population was 6,114 at the 2010 U.S. census,and 5,379 at the 2020 United States census. It is part of the Lafayette metropolitan statistical area.
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Louis Alfred Wiltz was an American politician from the state of Louisiana. He served as 29th Governor of Louisiana from 1880 to 1881 and before that time was mayor of New Orleans,lieutenant governor of Louisiana,and a member of the Louisiana House of Representatives.
The New Orleans Massacre of 1866 occurred on July 30,when a peaceful demonstration of mostly Black Freedmen was set upon by a mob of white rioters,many of whom had been soldiers of the recently defeated Confederate States of America,leading to a full-scale massacre. The violence erupted outside the Mechanics Institute,site of a reconvened Louisiana Constitutional Convention. According to the official report,a total of 38 were killed and 146 wounded,of whom 34 dead and 119 wounded were Black Freedmen. Unofficial estimates were higher. Gilles Vandal estimated 40 to 50 Black Americans were killed and more than 150 Black Americans wounded. Others have claimed nearly 200 were killed. In addition,three white convention attendees were killed,as was one white protester.
More than 1,500 African American officeholders served during the Reconstruction era (1865–1877) and in the years after Reconstruction before white supremacy,disenfranchisement,and the Democratic Party fully reasserted control in Southern states. Historian Canter Brown Jr. noted that in some states,such as Florida,the highest number of African Americans were elected or appointed to offices after the end of Reconstruction in 1877. The following is a partial list of notable African American officeholders from the end of the Civil War until before 1900. Dates listed are the year that a term states or the range of years served if multiple terms.
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Pierre Caliste Landry was born into slavery and went on to become an attorney,Methodist Episcopal minister,mayor,newspaper editor,and state legislator in Louisiana. He was elected in 1868 as mayor of Donaldsonville,making him the first African American to be elected mayor in the United States.
Jean Maximilien Alcibiades Derneville DeBlanc was a lawyer and state legislator in Louisiana. He served as a colonel for the Confederate army during the American Civil War. Afterward,he founded the Knights of the White Camelia,a white insurgent militia that operated from 1867–1869 to suppress freedmen's voting,disrupt Republican Party political organizing and try to regain political control of the state government in the 1868 election. A Congressional investigation overturned 1868 election results in Louisiana.
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Theophile T. Allain was a member of the Louisiana State Legislature in the 1870s and 1880s. His politics focused on education and development and he was instrumental in the updating of Mississippi River levees in the 1880s. Later in his life he moved to Chicago and he remained active in civil rights. He was,for a time,the wealthiest black person in Louisiana.
Louis Jetson Center for Youth (JCY) is a former juvenile correctional facility in unincorporated East Baton Rouge Parish,Louisiana,near Baton Rouge and Baker. It as previously referred to as "Scotlandville" after the nearby community. It was operated by the Louisiana Department of Corrections and later by the Louisiana Office of Juvenile Justice (OJJ). Scenic Alternative High School was located at Jetson.
Henry Demas was an enslaved African American who became a constable,state legislator,civil rights activist,and organizer of Southern University in Louisiana during the Reconstruction era.
Alexander R. François was a state legislator who served in the Louisiana State Senate during the Reconstruction era from 1868 until his murder in 1869.
Robert Poindexter was a state legislator who served in the Louisiana House of Representatives and Louisiana State Senate during the Reconstruction era.
Curtis Pollard was a minister,farmer,store keeper and state legislator who served in the Louisiana State Senate during the Reconstruction era.
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References
- 1 2 3 4 5 Grissom, Ken (July 12, 2006). "Baker First Black Mayor". Teche News – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ "Monroe Baker, Mayor of St. Martinsville, he was a Free colored before emancipation". The Weekly Iberville South . November 9, 1867.
- ↑ "Military Items". The Daily Times-Picayune (New Orleans, Louisiana). October 28, 1867. p. 2.
- ↑ "A Colored Mayor". The Weekly Iberville South (Plaquemine, Louisiana). November 9, 1867. p. 2.
- ↑ General Mower". The Louisiana Democrat (Alexandria, Louisiana). November 27, 1867. p. 2.
- ↑ "Military Items". The Times-Picayune. February 21, 1868. p. 1.
- ↑ "Official: Compiled Returns of an Election Held in the town of St. Martinsville". New Orleans Republican. April 15, 1875. p. 3.