Gallery
Gold jewellery, c. 1600-1400 BC
Chariot model, Arkaim museum
| Geographical range | Romania, Moldova |
|---|---|
| Period | Bronze Age |
| Dates | c. 2000 BC - 14th century BC |
| Preceded by | Glina-Schneckenberg culture |
| Followed by | Noua-Sabatinovka culture |
The Monteoru culture was a Bronze Age archaeological culture located in Romania and Moldova, dating from c. 2000 BC to the 14th century BC. It was derived from the preceding Glina-Schneckenberg culture and succeeded by the Noua-Sabatinovka culture, and was contemporary with the related Tei culture. [1] [2] [3] [4]
According to Anthony (2007), chariotry spread westwards to the Monteoru culture from the Multi-cordoned ware culture. [5]
According to genetic studies, the Monteoru culture had male haplogroups I2a and G2a. Of the female haplogroups, the following were present: H11a2, K1c1, H1, J1c, U5a1a1, H58. [6]
The Yamnaya culture or the Yamna culture, also known as the Pit Grave culture or Ochre Grave culture, is a late Copper Age to early Bronze Age archaeological culture of the region between the Southern Bug, Dniester, and Ural rivers, dating to 3300–2600 BC. It was discovered by Vasily Gorodtsov following his archaeological excavations near the Donets River in 1901–1903. Its name derives from its characteristic burial tradition: Я́мная is a Russian adjective that means 'related to pits ', as these people used to bury their dead in tumuli (kurgans) containing simple pit chambers. Research in recent years has found that Mikhaylovka, in lower Dnieper river, Ukraine, formed the Core Yamnaya culture.
Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) is part of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic, a Neolithic culture centered in upper Mesopotamia and the Levant, dating to c. 10,800 – c. 8,500 years ago, that is, 8800–6500 BC. It was typed by British archaeologist Kathleen Kenyon during her archaeological excavations at Jericho in the West Bank, territory of Palestine.
The Sredny Stog culture or Serednii Stih culture is a pre-Kurgan archaeological culture from the mid. 5th – mid. 4th millennia BC. It is named after the Dnieper river islet of today's Serednii Stih, Ukraine, where it was first located.
The Khvalynsk culture is a Middle Copper Age Eneolithic culture of the middle Volga region. It takes its name from Khvalynsk in Saratov Oblast. The Khvalynsk culture is found from the Samara Bend in the north to the North Caucasus in the south, from the Sea of Azov in the west to the Ural River in the east. It was preceded by the Early Eneolithic Samara culture.
The Liburnians or Liburni were an ancient tribe inhabiting the district called Liburnia, a coastal region of the northeastern Adriatic between the rivers Arsia (Raša) and Titius (Krka) in what is now Croatia. According to Strabo's Geographica, they populated Kerkyra until shortly after the Corinthians settled the island, c. 730 BC.
Graeco-Armenian is the hypothetical common ancestor of Greek and Armenian branches that postdates Proto-Indo-European language. Its status is somewhat similar to that of the Italo-Celtic grouping: each is widely considered plausible without being accepted as established communis opinio. The hypothetical Proto-Graeco-Armenian stage would need to date to the 3rd millennium BC and would be only barely different from either late Proto-Indo-European or Graeco-Armeno-Aryan.
This is a timeline of Cypriot history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Cyprus. To read about the background to these events, see History of Cyprus. See also the list of presidents of Cyprus.
The Glasinac-Mati culture is an archaeological culture, which first developed during the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age in the western Balkan Peninsula in an area which encompassed much of modern Albania to the south, Kosovo to the east, Montenegro, southeastern Bosnia and Herzegovina and parts of western Serbia to the north. It is named after the Glasinac and Mati type site areas, located in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Albania respectively.
Multi-cordoned Ware culture or Multiroller ceramics culture, also known as the Multiple-relief-band ware culture, the Babyno culture or the Mnogovalikovaya kul'tura (MVK), are archaeological names for a Middle Bronze Age culture of Eastern Europe.
The Nikaj are an historical Albanian tribe (fis) and region in the Highlands of Gjakova of north Albania. The Nikaj tribe is a traditional fis in the sense of being a community that claims paternal descent from one common ancestor, consisting of a single bajrak during the time of the Ottoman Empire. The Nikaj are directly related to the Krasniqi tribe. Today, the Nikaj are usually grouped along with the Mërturi tribe as Nikaj-Mërturi.
Krasniqi is a historical Albanian tribe and region in the Accursed Mountains in northeastern Albania, bordering Kosovo. The region lies within the Tropoje District and is part of a wider area between Albania and Kosovo that is historically known as Gjakova highlands. Krasniqi stretches from the Valbona river in the north to Lake Fierza in the south and includes the town Bajram Curri. Members of the Krasniqi tribe are also found in Kosovo and Northern Macedonia.
The Hasanlu Lovers are a pair of human remains found at the Teppe Hasanlu archaeological site, located in the Naqadeh in the West Azerbaijan Province of Iran. Around 800 BCE, the city of Hasanlu, located in north-western Iran, was destroyed by an unknown invader. Inhabitants were slain and left where they fell. In 1973, the lovers were discovered by a team of archaeologists from the University of Pennsylvania led by Robert H. Dyson.
The Cetina culture is the name for the culture of the inhabitants of the Middle Dalmatian coast, and especially its hinterland, during the early Bronze Age, or, according to Paul Reineck's chronology, Br A1 - A2/B1. It is named after the numerous sites along the Cetina river in Central Dalmatia and Herzegovina. People of this culture were present in caves or in open settlements. The graves are in rocky colonies. In the case of inhumation, they have the shape of a stone chest, while incinerated remains of the deceased are laid in clay pots.
Caucasus hunter-gatherer (CHG), also called Satsurblia cluster, is an anatomically modern human genetic lineage, first identified in a 2015 study, based on the population genetics of several modern Western Eurasian populations.
In archaeogenetics, eastern hunter-gatherer (EHG), sometimes east European hunter-gatherer or eastern European hunter-gatherer, is a distinct ancestral component that represents Mesolithic hunter-gatherers of Eastern Europe.
Haplogroup I-Z63, also known as I1a3 per the International Society of Genetic Genealogy ('ISOGG), is a Y chromosome haplogroup. It is correlated with a DYS456 value inferior to 15, but there are exceptions.
Haplogroup I-BY316, also known as I-Y7626 or I1a3a1a2a1b1 per the International Society of Genetic Genealogy ('ISOGG), is a Y chromosome haplogroup. It is correlated with a DYF406S1 value of 8 and a DYS617 value of 12.
In archaeogenetics, the term Western Steppe Herders (WSH), or Western Steppe Pastoralists, is the name given to a distinct ancestral component first identified in individuals from the Chalcolithic steppe around the turn of the 5th millennium BC, subsequently detected in several genetically similar or directly related ancient populations including the Khvalynsk, Repin, Sredny Stog, and Yamnaya cultures, and found in substantial levels in contemporary European, Central Asian, South Asian and West Asian populations. This ancestry is often referred to as Yamnaya ancestry, Yamnaya-related ancestry, Steppe ancestry or Steppe-related ancestry.
The Tei culture was a Bronze Age archaeological culture located in southern Romania and northern Bulgaria, dating from c. 2000 BC to the 14th century BC. It was preceded by the Glina-Schneckenberg culture and succeeded by the Noua-Coslogeni culture, and was contemporary with the related Monteoru culture.
The Noua-Sabatinovka-Coslogeni complex was a late Bronze Age archaeological cultural complex located in Ukraine, Moldova and Romania, dating from the 14th to 11th centuries BC, consisting of the closely related Noua, Sabatinovka and Coslogeni cultures.
The Monteoru culture derived from the early Glina-Schneckenberg and included some elements that had persisted from the transitional period ... The last stage of the Monteoru culture (Balintesti-Girbovat, in south-eastern Moldova), which is missing at the eponymous site, forms the transition to the Noua culture of the Late Bronze Age.
While the Noua ceramic repertoire does not have precursors in Transylvania and may indeed be intrusive there, most pottery shapes (and ornaments) can be derived from the preceding Monteoru culture of western Moldavia.
The term Monteoru I shall use in its broadest sense, that is, as a name of a culture covering all phases of the Bronze Age and all its variants. Hence, the Early Bronze Age group such as the Schneckenberg around Brasov in eastern Transylvania, or the Late Bronze Age Noua culture will be treated as parts of Monteoru.
Chariotry spread west through the Ukrainian steppe MVK [Mnogovalikovaya] culture into southeastern Europe's Monteoru (phase Icl-Ib), Vatin, and Otomani cultures