Gallery
Noua-Sabatinovka-Coslogeni bronze sceptre, Moldova. [12]
Noua-Sabatinovka-Coslogeni bronze artefacts, Moldova
Bronze artefacts and casting mould, Ukraine
| Geographical range | Ukraine, Moldova, Romania |
|---|---|
| Period | Bronze Age |
| Dates | 16th century - 11th century BC |
| Preceded by | Multi-cordoned ware culture, Srubnaya culture, Monteoru culture, Wietenberg culture, Tei culture |
| Followed by | Urnfield culture, Gava culture, Belozerka culture |
The Noua-Sabatinovka-Coslogeni complex was a late Bronze Age archaeological cultural complex located in Ukraine, Moldova and Romania, dating from the 16th to 11th centuries BC, consisting of the closely related Noua, Sabatinovka and Coslogeni cultures. [1] [2] [3] [4]
Representatives of the Noua-Sabatinovka-Coslogeni complex were engaged in agriculture and cattle breeding. [5] [6]
The Sabatinovka culture was formed on the basis of the Multi-Cordon Ware culture, [7] [5] there is also the influence of the Srubnaya culture and Monteoru. [8] [2] Noua culture and Coslogeni were formed as a result of the fusion of local cultures (Monteoru, Tei and Wietenbrg cultures) with the arriving carriers of the Sabatinovka culture. [6] The relationship of the archaeological complex as part of the Srubnaya culture is a subject of debate. [9]
Belozerka culture was the successor of the Sabatinovka culture. [8]
Noua culture and Coslogeni was absorbed by Urnfield culture (Gava culture) [2]
Noua culture and Coslogeni were of Thracian origin, while Sabatinovka culture were of Iranian or Thracian origin. [10] [11]
Noua culture and Sabatinovka culture had a male haplogroup R1a, from female haplogroups were present J1, U8a1a1, U2e1b. [13]
The Noua and Sabatinovka cultures have a genetically similar origin, which distinguishes the Noua culture from its predecessor Monteoru, which was predominantly of Neolithic origin.
The Urnfield culture was a late Bronze Age culture of Central Europe, often divided into several local cultures within a broader Urnfield tradition. The name comes from the custom of cremating the dead and placing their ashes in urns, which were then buried in fields. The first usage of the name occurred in publications over grave sites in southern Germany in the late 19th century. Over much of Europe, the Urnfield culture followed the Tumulus culture and was succeeded by the Hallstatt culture. Some linguists and archaeologists have associated this culture with a pre-Celtic language or Proto-Celtic language family. By the end of the 2nd millennium BC, the Urnfield Tradition had spread through Italy, northwestern Europe, and as far west as the Pyrenees. It is at this time that fortified hilltop settlements and sheet‐bronze metalworking also spread widely across Europe, leading some authorities to equate these changes with the expansion of the Celts. These links are no longer accepted.
The Yamnaya culture or the Yamna culture, also known as the Pit Grave culture or Ochre Grave culture, is a late Copper Age to early Bronze Age archaeological culture of the region between the Southern Bug, Dniester, and Ural rivers, dating to 3300–2600 BC. It was discovered by Vasily Gorodtsov following his archaeological excavations near the Donets River in 1901–1903. Its name derives from its characteristic burial tradition: Я́мная is a Russian adjective that means 'related to pits ', as these people used to bury their dead in tumuli (kurgans) containing simple pit chambers. Research in recent years has found that Mikhaylovka, in lower Dnieper river, Ukraine, formed the Core Yamnaya culture.
The Andronovo culture is a collection of similar local Late Bronze Age cultures that flourished c. 2000–1150 BC, spanning from the southern Urals to the upper Yenisei River in central Siberia. Some researchers have preferred to term it an archaeological complex or archaeological horizon. The slightly older Sintashta culture, formerly included within the Andronovo culture, is now considered separately to Early Andronovo cultures. Andronovo culture's first stage could have begun at the end of the 3rd millennium BC, with cattle grazing, as natural fodder was by no means difficult to find in the pastures close to dwellings.
The Tumulus culture was the dominant material culture in Central Europe during the Middle Bronze Age.
The Srubnaya culture, also known as Timber-grave culture, was a Late Bronze Age 1900–1200 BC culture in the eastern part of the Pontic–Caspian steppe. It is a successor of the Yamna culture, the Catacomb culture and the Poltavka culture. It is co-ordinate and probably closely related to the Andronovo culture, its eastern neighbor. Whether the Srubnaya culture originated in the east, west, or was a local development, is disputed among archaeologists.
The Sredny Stog culture or Serednii Stih culture is a pre-Kurgan archaeological culture from the mid. 5th – mid. 4th millennia BC. It is named after the Dnieper river islet of today's Serednii Stih, Ukraine, where it was first located.
The Catacomb culture was a Bronze Age culture which flourished on the Pontic steppe in 2,500–1,950 BC.
Potapovka culture was a Bronze Age culture which flourished on the middle Volga in 2100—1800 BC.
Poltavka culture was an early to middle Bronze Age archaeological culture which flourished on the Volga-Ural steppe and the forest steppe in 2800—2100 BCE.
The Abashevo culture is a late Middle Bronze Age archaeological culture, ca. 2200–1850 BC, found in the valleys of the middle Volga and Kama River north of the Samara bend and into the southern Ural Mountains. It receives its name from the village of Abashevo in Chuvashia.
The Fatyanovo–Balanovo culture was a Chalcolithic and early Bronze Age culture within the wider Corded Ware complex which flourished in the forests of Russia from c. 2900 to 2050 BC.
The Sintashta culture is a Middle Bronze Age archaeological culture of the Southern Urals, dated to the period c. 2200–1900 BCE. It is the first phase of the Sintashta–Petrovka complex, c. 2200–1750 BCE. The culture is named after the Sintashta archaeological site, in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, and spreads through Orenburg Oblast, Bashkortostan, and Northern Kazakhstan. Widely regarded as the origin of the Indo-Iranian languages, whose speakers originally referred to themselves as the Aryans, the Sintashta culture is thought to represent an eastward migration of peoples from the Corded Ware culture.
The Monteoru culture was a Bronze Age archaeological culture located in Romania and Moldova, dating from c. 2000 BC to the 14th century BC. It was derived from the preceding Glina-Schneckenberg culture and succeeded by the Noua-Sabatinovka culture, and was contemporary with the related Tei culture.
The Gáva-Holigrady culture was a late Bronze Age culture of Eastern Slovakia, Western Ukraine, Northwestern Romania, Moldova, and Northeastern Hungary.
Multi-cordoned Ware culture or Multiroller ceramics culture, also known as the Multiple-relief-band ware culture, the Babyno culture or the Mnogovalikovaya kul'tura (MVK), are archaeological names for a Middle Bronze Age culture of Eastern Europe.
The Bondarikha culture or Bondarikhinskaya culture was a Late Bronze Age culture of modern-day Ukraine. It replaced the Srubnaya culture. It was found from the left shore of the Dnepr to the upper and mid Seversky Donets, and it the east it reached the Don bassin and mid-Oka. The culture was identified in 1951 by V. A. Ilyinskaya near what is now Izium. It is represented by both fortified and non-fortified settlement, grave fields, treasures and scattered finds. They lived in pit houses, semi-pit houses, and houses on flat ground. Excavations sound potsherds, flint sickles, pestles and other tools, as well as the bones of cattle, goats, horses, pigs, and sheep. The cemeteries are tumuli, and flat ground graves with cremated remains in urns or small pits.
The Vatya culture was an archaeological culture of the Early to Middle Bronze Age located in the central area of the Danube basin in Hungary. The culture formed from the background of the Nagyrév culture together with influences from the Kisapostag culture. It is characterized mainly by fortified settlements, cremation burial sites, and bronze production. It was succeeded by the Urnfield culture.
The Glina-Schneckenberg culture was an Early Bronze Age archaeological culture located in Romania, dating from c. 2600 BC to 2000 BC. It was preceded by the Coțofeni culture and succeeded by the Monteoru culture and Tei culture.
The Tei culture was a Bronze Age archaeological culture located in southern Romania and northern Bulgaria, dating from c. 2000 BC to the 14th century BC. It was preceded by the Glina-Schneckenberg culture and succeeded by the Noua-Coslogeni culture, and was contemporary with the related Monteoru culture.
The Mad'arovce culture was an archaeological culture of the Early Bronze Age located in western Slovakia. It formed part of the broader Mad’arovce-Věteřov-Böheimkirchen cultural complex, also found in Austria and Moravia, which had links with Mycenaean Greece. There was a gradual evolution from the preceding Unetice and Hatvan cultures to the Mad'arovce culture from c. 2000 BC to 1750 BC, and it was succeeded by the Tumulus culture after 1500 BC. The Mad'arovce culture is sometimes considered to be a sub-group in the final Unetice tradition. Important sites include the fortified settlements of Fidvár and Nitriansky Hrádok.
The Late Bronze Age is marked by two cultural groupings, a south-eastern (Noua-Sabatinovka-Coslogeni) and a western (channelled pottery). ... in Moldova and Ukraine, a specific settlement type of the Noua-Sabatinovka-Coslogeni complex is the so-called ash-mound
The absolute chronology of the Noua culture, based on radiocarbon dating and synchronisms with the Carpathian Basin, fits in the fourteenth to thirteenth/twelfth centuries BC. To a large extent this corresponds to the beginnings of the Sabatinovka culture and emphasizes the contemporaneity of the two cultures.
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