Gallery
Noua-Sabatinovka-Coslogeni bronze sceptre, Moldova. [9]
Noua-Sabatinovka-Coslogeni bronze artefacts, Moldova
| Geographical range | Ukraine, Moldova, Romania |
|---|---|
| Period | Bronze Age |
| Dates | 14th century - 11th century BC |
| Preceded by | Srubnaya culture, Monteoru culture, Wietenberg culture, Tei culture |
| Followed by | Urnfield culture, Gava culture, Belozerka culture |
The Noua-Sabatinovka-Coslogeni complex was a late Bronze Age archaeological cultural complex located in Ukraine, Moldova and Romania, dating from the 14th to 11th centuries BC, consisting of the closely related Noua, Sabatinovka and Coslogeni cultures. [1] [2] [3] [4] The complex originated from a westward migration related to the Srubnaya culture from the steppe and forest-steppe region north of the Black Sea, [5] combined with the preceding Monteoru culture in Moldova and Romania. [6] It was succeeded by the Urnfield culture (Gava culture) [7] and the Belozerka culture. [8]
The 14th century BC was the century that lasted from the year 1400 BC until 1301 BC.
The Urnfield culture was a late Bronze Age culture of Central Europe, often divided into several local cultures within a broader Urnfield tradition. The name comes from the custom of cremating the dead and placing their ashes in urns, which were then buried in fields. The first usage of the name occurred in publications over grave sites in southern Germany in the late 19th century. Over much of Europe, the Urnfield culture followed the Tumulus culture and was succeeded by the Hallstatt culture. Some linguists and archaeologists have associated this culture with a pre-Celtic language or Proto-Celtic language family. By the end of the 2nd millennium BC, the Urnfield Tradition had spread through Italy, northwestern Europe, and as far west as the Pyrenees. It is at this time that fortified hilltop settlements and sheet‐bronze metalworking also spread widely across Europe, leading some authorities to equate these changes with the expansion of the Celts. These links are no longer accepted.
The Tumulus culture was the dominant material culture in Central Europe during the Middle Bronze Age.
Potapovka culture was a Bronze Age culture which flourished on the middle Volga in 2100—1800 BC.
The Abashevo culture is a late Middle Bronze Age archaeological culture, ca. 2200–1850 BC, found in the valleys of the middle Volga and Kama River north of the Samara bend and into the southern Ural Mountains. It receives its name from the village of Abashevo in Chuvashia.
The Ottomány culture, also known as Otomani culture in Romania or Otomani-Füzesabony culture in Hungary, was an early Bronze Age culture in Central Europe named after the eponymous site near the village of Ottomány, today part of Sălacea, located in modern-day Bihor County, Romania. The Middle Bronze Age period of the Ottomány culture in eastern Hungary and western Romania is also known as the Gyulavarsánd culture.
The Wietenberg culture was a Middle Bronze Age archeological culture in central Romania (Transylvania) that roughly dates to 2200–1600/1500 BCE. Representing a local variant of Usatove culture, it was contemporary with the Ottomány culture and Unetice culture and was replaced by the Noua culture. Its name was coined after the eponymic Wietenberg Hill near Sighișoara.
The Monteoru culture was a Bronze Age archaeological culture located in Romania and Moldova, dating from c. 2000 BC to the 14th century BC. It was derived from the preceding Glina-Schneckenberg culture and succeeded by the Noua-Sabatinovka culture, and was contemporary with the related Tei culture.
The Gáva-Holigrady culture was a late Bronze Age culture of Eastern Slovakia, Western Ukraine, Northwestern Romania, Moldova, and Northeastern Hungary.
The Unstrut culture was part of the Bronze Age Urnfield culture, a homogeneous society noted for their biconical funerary urns used in storing the ashes of the deceased. The Unstrut group settled in Germany, particularly in the central region where the Saale mouth group also lived. These two groups, along with the Helmsdorf or Elb-Havel group formed on the western edge of the Lausitz culture.
Multi-cordoned Ware culture or Multiroller ceramics culture, translations of the Russian: Культура многоваликовой керамики, romanized: Kul'tura mnogovalikovoj keramiki (KMK), also known as the Multiple-relief-band ware culture, the Babyno culture and the Mnogovalikovaya kul'tura (MVK), are archaeological names for a Middle Bronze Age culture of Eastern Europe.
Rotbav “La Pârâuț” is a Bronze Age site in southeastern Transylvania, Romania, located at the southern border of the modern village of Rotbav, in Feldioara Commune, and 20 km north of Braşov, capital of the county by the same name. The settlement of Rotbav is situated upon a high terrace formation above the Olt River. Its importance lies in a long stratigraphy comprising the timespan from the Early Bronze Age to the Bronze Age / Iron Age transition. It is the most extensively researched site of this period in the region.
The dolmens of Abkhazia are found in several locations in Abkhazia/Georgia. A dolmen is a type of pre-historic single-chamber megalithic tomb. These structures are located in the north of Abkhazia, best studied being those at Eshera. Similar structures are found in the neighboring territory of Northwestern Caucasus.
Central Bosnian culture was a cultural group that emerged during the Bronze and Iron Ages. This group inhabited the upper and mid course areas of the Vrbas river and the Bosna river, and constituted an independent cultural and ethnic community. Hillfort-type settlements were typical of this group and were often located close to major areas of cultivable land. The standard of housing in these settlements was high. Around 120 hill forts belonging to this culture have been identified in the area of Central Bosnia. This group is commonly associated with the later Illyrian tribe of Daesitiates.
The Belozerka culture or Belozerskaya culture was a Late Bronze Age archaeological culture of the later which replaced the Srubnaya culture on the steppes of Ukraine and Moldova. There are finds near the lower Don and in Kuban and Crimea. It was identified as an independent archaeological culture in the 1980s.
The Vatya culture was an archaeological culture of the Early to Middle Bronze Age located in the central area of the Danube basin in Hungary. The culture formed from the background of the Nagyrév culture together with influences from the Kisapostag culture. It is characterized mainly by fortified settlements, cremation burial sites, and bronze production. It was succeeded by the Urnfield culture.
The Glina-Schneckenberg culture was an Early Bronze Age archaeological culture located in Romania, dating from c. 2600 BC to 2000 BC. It was preceded by the Coțofeni culture and succeeded by the Monteoru culture and Tei culture.
The Tei culture was a Bronze Age archaeological culture located in southern Romania and northern Bulgaria, dating from c. 2000 BC to the 14th century BC. It was preceded by the Glina-Schneckenberg culture and succeeded by the Noua-Coslogeni culture, and was contemporary with the related Monteoru culture.
The Rhône culture was an archaeological culture of the Early Bronze Age located in eastern France and western Switzerland, centred along the Rhône river. The culture developed from the local Bell Beaker culture, possibly with further migrations from central Europe. According to Sergent (1995) the Rhône culture represents a southern variant of the Unetice culture. Rhône culture metalwork and pottery are particularly similar to those of the Straubing group in Bavaria.
The Mad'arovce culture was an archaeological culture of the Early Bronze Age located in western Slovakia. It formed part of the broader Mad’arovce-Věteřov-Böheimkirchen cultural complex, also found in Austria and Moravia, which had links with Mycenaean Greece. There was a gradual evolution from the preceding Unetice and Hatvan cultures to the Mad'arovce culture from c. 2000 BC to 1750 BC, and it was succeeded by the Tumulus culture after 1500 BC. The Mad'arovce culture is sometimes considered to be a sub-group in the final Unetice tradition. Important sites include the fortified settlements of Fidvár and Nitriansky Hrádok.
The Late Bronze Age is marked by two cultural groupings, a south-eastern (Noua-Sabatinovka-Coslogeni) and a western (channelled pottery). ... in Moldova and Ukraine, a specific settlement type of the Noua-Sabatinovka-Coslogeni complex is the so-called ash-mound
The absolute chronology of the Noua culture, based on radiocarbon dating and synchronisms with the Carpathian Basin, fits in the fourteenth to thirteenth/twelfth centuries BC. To a large extent this corresponds to the beginnings of the Sabatinovka culture and emphasizes the contemporaneity of the two cultures.
Noua-Sabatinovka-Coslogeni in Moldavia (both Romania and Moldova) and Transylvania is usually considered an eastern intrusion, reaching far back into the Ukraine and southern European Russia, where it may be connected to the Srubnaya culture.
While the Noua ceramic repertoire does not have precursors in Transylvania and may indeed be intrusive there, most pottery shapes (and ornaments) can be derived from the preceding Monteoru culture of western Moldavia.
The Early Iron Age sees the disappearance of the steppe influence (Noua-Sabatinovka-Coslogeni) and the spread eastwards of the early Hallstatt channelled pottery groups, closely connected to the Urnfield groups further west. A large northern block, represented by the Gáva-Holihrady culture, extends from eastern Hungary through the whole of Transylvania to Moldova.
In the 12th century BC the Sabatinovka sites disappeared being replaced by those of the Belozerka culture.