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The first Negro National League (NNL) was one of the several Negro leagues that were established during the period in the United States when organized baseball was segregated. The league was formed in 1920 with former player Rube Foster as its president.
The Atlanta Black Crackers were a professional Negro league baseball team which played during the early to mid-20th century. They were primarily a minor Negro league team; however in the brief period they played as a major Negro league team, they won the second half pennant of the Negro American League in 1938 but lost the play-off for the overall season title.
The Baltimore Elite Giants were a professional baseball team that played in the Negro leagues from 1920 to 1950. The team was established by Thomas T. Wilson, in Nashville, Tennessee as the semi-pro Nashville Standard Giants on March 26, 1920. The team was renamed the Elite Giants in 1921, and moved to Baltimore, Maryland in 1938, where the team remained for the duration of their existence. The team and its fans pronounced the word "Elite" as "ee-light".
Roy Alexander "Red" Parnell was an American left fielder and manager in Negro league baseball, most notably with the Philadelphia Stars from 1936 to 1943. Born in Austin, Texas, he died at age 48 in Philadelphia.
The following is a timeline of franchise evolution in Major League Baseball. The histories of franchises in the National Association of Base Ball Players (NABBP), National Association of Professional Base Ball Players (NA), Union Association (UA), and American Association (AA) before they joined the National League (NL) are also included. In 1900 the minor league Western League renamed itself the American League (AL). All of the 1899 Western League teams were a part of the transformation with the Saint Paul Apostles moving to Chicago and to play as the White Stockings. In 1901 the AL declared itself a Major League. For its inaugural major league season the AL dropped its teams in Indianapolis, Buffalo and Minneapolis and replaced them with franchises in Boston, Philadelphia, and Baltimore and the Kansas City Blues moved to Washington to play as the Senators.
The Negro Southern League (NSL) was one of the several Negro baseball leagues created during the time organized baseball was segregated. The NSL was organized as a minor league in 1920 and lasted until 1936. It was considered a major league for the 1932 season and it was also the only organized league to finish its full schedule that season. Prior to the season, several established teams joined the NSL, mainly from the collapsed Negro National League.
Samuel Streeter was an American baseball pitcher in the Negro leagues. He played professionally from 1920 to 1936 with several teams, mostly with the Birmingham Black Barons and the Pittsburgh Crawfords. Streeter started for the East in the inaugural East-West All-Star Game in 1933.
The New Orleans Ads were a Negro Southern League (NSL) baseball team in 1920 based in New Orleans, Louisiana. The team was started by Fred Caulfield, a local backer, and the team is often referred to in newspapers as the Caulfield Ads.
Henry H. Hannon Jr. was a Negro leagues outfielder and manager who played from 1908 to 1914 and later managed the Montgomery Grey Sox.
Herman "Rounder" Cunningham was a Negro leagues shortstop and for several years before the founding of the first Negro Southern League in 1920, and in its first few seasons.
The Memphis Red Sox were an American Negro league baseball team that was active from 1920 to 1959. Originally named the Barber College Baseball Club, the team was initially owned and operated by Arthur P. Martin, a local Memphis barber. In the late 1920s the Martin brothers, all three Memphis doctors and businessmen, purchased the Red Sox. J. B. Martin, W. S. Martin, and B. B. Martin, would retain control of the club till its dissolution in 1959. The Red Sox played as members, at various times, of the Negro Southern League, Negro National League, and Negro American League. The team was never a titan of the Negro leagues like wealthier teams in northern cities of the United States, but sound management lead to a continuous thirty-nine years of operation, a span that was exceeded by very few other teams. Following integration the team had five players that would eventually make the rosters of Major League Baseball teams and two players that were inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame.
The Negro American Association was the name of two different minor league Negro baseball leagues.
Raymond "Tank" Austin was an American baseball pitcher in the Negro leagues. He played with the Nashville Elite Giants and Birmingham Black Barons in 1930 and the Atlanta Black Crackers in 1932.
Joseph "Lefty" Bell was an American baseball pitcher and outfielder in the Negro leagues. He played with the Montgomery Grey Sox in 1932.
The Bessemer Stars was the initial nickname of Negro leagues baseball team based in Bessemer, Alabama in the 1921 and 1927 seasons. The Bessemer Stars played as members of the 1921 Negro Southern League, while the Bessemer Grey Sox joined the league in 1927.
Nashville, Tennessee, has hosted Minor League Baseball (MiLB) teams since the late 19th century but has never been home to a Major League Baseball (MLB) team. The city's professional baseball history dates back to 1884 with the formation of the Nashville Americans, who were charter members of the original Southern League in 1885 and played their home games at Sulphur Spring Park, later renamed Athletic Park and Sulphur Dell. This ballpark was the home of Nashville's minor league teams through 1963. Of the numerous clubs to play there, the best-known and longest-operating was the Nashville Vols, who competed from 1901 to 1963, primarily in the Southern Association.
The Negro Southeastern League was a minor league formed in 1921 and was one of the several Negro leagues that operated during the era of segregated organized baseball. The league was organized as a seven-team league, with one league franchise based in Alabama and six in Georgia.
References
- The Complete Book of Baseball's Negro Leagues by John Holway
- The Biographical Encyclopedia of the Negro Baseball Leagues by James Riley
