Related Research Articles
Kavalactones are a class of lactone compounds found in kava roots and Alpinia zerumbet. Some kavalactones are bioactive.
Spilanthol (Affinin) is a fatty acid amide isolated from Acmella oleracea. It is believed to be responsible for the local anesthetic properties of the plant.
Gingerol ([6]-gingerol) is a phenolic phytochemical compound found in fresh ginger that activates heat receptors on the tongue. It is normally found as a pungent yellow oil in the ginger rhizome, but can also form a low-melting crystalline solid. This chemical compound is found in all members of the Zingiberaceae family and is high in concentrations in the grains of paradise as well as an African Ginger species.
Kaempferol (3,4′,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone) is a natural flavonol, a type of flavonoid, found in a variety of plants and plant-derived foods including kale, beans, tea, spinach, and broccoli. Kaempferol is a yellow crystalline solid with a melting point of 276–278 °C (529–532 °F). It is slightly soluble in water and highly soluble in hot ethanol, ethers, and DMSO. Kaempferol is named for 17th-century German naturalist Engelbert Kaempfer.
Mesembryanthemum tortuosum is a succulent plant in the family Aizoaceae native to the Cape Provinces of South Africa. It is known as kanna, channa, kougoed —which literally means, 'chew(able) things' or 'something to chew'.
An enzyme inhibitor is a molecule that binds to an enzyme and blocks its activity. Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions necessary for life, in which substrate molecules are converted into products. An enzyme facilitates a specific chemical reaction by binding the substrate to its active site, a specialized area on the enzyme that accelerates the most difficult step of the reaction.
Kaempferia galanga, commonly known as kencur, aromatic ginger, sand ginger, cutcherry, is a monocotyledonous plant in the ginger family, and one of four plants called galangal. It is found primarily in open areas in Indonesia, southern China, Taiwan, Cambodia, and India, but is also widely cultivated throughout Southeast Asia.
Emodin (6-methyl-1,3,8-trihydroxyanthraquinone) is a chemical compound, of the anthraquinone family, that can be isolated from rhubarb, buckthorn, and Japanese knotweed. Emodin is particularly abundant in the roots of the Chinese rhubarb, knotweed and knotgrass as well as Hawaii ‘au‘auko‘i cassia seeds or coffee weed. It is specifically isolated from Rheum palmatum L. It is also produced by many species of fungi, including members of the genera Aspergillus, Pyrenochaeta, and Pestalotiopsis, inter alia. The common name is derived from Rheum emodi, a taxonomic synonym of Rheum australe, and synonyms include emodol, frangula emodin, rheum emodin, 3-methyl-1,6,8-trihydroxyanthraquinone, Schüttgelb (Schuttgelb), and Persian Berry Lake.
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADAMTS4 gene.
Oleanolic acid or oleanic acid is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoid related to betulinic acid. It is widely distributed in food and plants where it exists as a free acid or as an aglycone of triterpenoid saponins.
Antinutrients are natural or synthetic compounds that interfere with the absorption of nutrients. Nutrition studies focus on antinutrients commonly found in food sources and beverages. Antinutrients may take the form of drugs, chemicals that naturally occur in food sources, proteins, or overconsumption of nutrients themselves. Antinutrients may act by binding to vitamins and minerals, preventing their uptake, or inhibiting enzymes.
Chebulagic acid is a benzopyran tannin and an antioxidant that has many potential uses in medicine.
Galangin is a flavonol, a type of flavonoid.
Sunifiram is an experimental drug which has antiamnesic effects in animal studies and with significantly higher potency than piracetam. Sunifiram is a molecular simplification of unifiram (DM-232). Another analogue is sapunifiram (MN-19). As of 2016, sunifiram had not been subjected to toxicology testing, nor to any human clinical trials, and is not approved for use anywhere in the world.
Unifiram is an experimental drug. that has antiamnesic and other effects in animal studies with far greater potency than piracetam. A number of related compounds are known, such as sunifiram (DM-235) and sapunifiram (MN-19). Unifiram has two enantiomers, with the dextro form being the more active isomer. It has been shown to reduce the duration of hypnosis induced by pentobarbital, without impairing motor coordination. As of 2015, no formal human studies with unifiram have been conducted. Unifiram is not patented and, despite the lack of human and long-term toxicity studies, it is commonly sold online.
1,2,3,4,6-Pentagalloylglucose is the pentagallic acid ester of glucose. It is a gallotannin and the precursor of ellagitannins.
Paeonol is a phenolic compound found in peonies such as Paeonia suffruticosa, in Arisaema erubescens, and in Dioscorea japonica. It is a chemical compound found in some traditional Chinese medicines.
Atrolysin A is an enzyme that is one of six hemorrhagic toxins found in the venom of western diamondback rattlesnake. This endopeptidase has a length of 419 amino acid residues. The metalloproteinase disintegrin-like domain and the cysteine-rich domain of the enzyme are responsible for the enzyme's hemorrhagic effects on organisms via inhibition of platelet aggregation.
Majdine is an alkaloid isolated from Vinca minor and Vinca herbacea.
Dr. Bibi Ameenah Firdaus Gurib-FakimGCSK is a Mauritian politician and biodiversity scientist who served as the sixth president of Mauritius from 2015 to 2018. In December 2014, she was selected to be the presidential candidate of the Alliance Lepep. After Kailash Purryag resigned on 29 May 2015, both Prime Minister Sir Anerood Jugnauth and Leader of the Opposition Paul Berenger positively welcomed her nomination, which was unanimously approved in a vote in the National Assembly.
References
- ↑ Josh Fischman, "Fake Peer Reviews, the Latest Form of Scientific Fraud, Fool Journals", Chronicle of Higher Education, 30 September 2012
- ↑ David Wagner, "Researcher, Peer Review Thyself", Atlantic Monthly, 24 August 2012
- ↑ Retraction Notice: Pharmaceutical Biology
- ↑ Retraction Notice: Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry
- ↑ Retraction Notice: International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition
- ↑ Moon, Hyung-In; Seo, Dong Wan; Kim, Kyu-Han; Cho, Kwang-Hyun; Eun, Hee-Chul; Chung, Jin Ho (21 March 2005). "RETRACTED: Erythrodiol-3-acetate, pentacyclic triterpenoid from Styrax japonica, expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 in cultured human skin fibroblasts". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 97 (3): 567–571. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2005.01.006. PMID 15740897. (Retracted, see doi:10.1016/j.jep.2007.11.009, PMID 18496897, Retraction Watch )
- ↑ Moon, Hyung-In; Chung, Jin Ho (6 February 2006). "RETRACTED: The effect of 2′,4′,7-trihydroxyisoflavone on ultraviolet-induced matrix metalloproteinases-1 expression in human skin fibroblasts". FEBS Letters. 580 (3): 769–774. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2005.12.094. PMID 16413539. (Retracted, see doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2006.04.071, PMID 16773740, Retraction Watch )
- ↑ Retraction Notice #1 : Phytotherapy Research
- ↑ "Retracted: Matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression inhibitory compound from the whole plants of Viola ibukiana Makino. (Phytother Res 2005; 19(3): 239–242)". Phytotherapy Research. 21 (6): 600. 2007. doi:10.1002/ptr.2150. PMID 17506073. S2CID 45473982.
- ↑ Article on Retraction Watch.