Founded | 2015 |
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Type | Non-profit |
Focus | Environmentalism |
Location |
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Area served | Worldwide |
Website | www |
More Than Scientists is a United States-based nonprofit environmental advocacy group. It provides an outreach program for climate scientists to speak publicly about their personal views on climate change. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] Directed towards the general public, its goal has been to communicate that climate change is real and what it will mean for society. [2] [3] [5] [6] [7]
The program presents videos contributed by climate scientists featuring them speaking directly to the viewer. Launched in 2015 with contributions by more than 30 climate scientists, [1] it has grown to more than 80 participating climate scientists and more than 300 videos (as of 2023). [8]
Prominent climate scientists who have recorded and contributed videos to More Than Scientists include Kerry Emanuel, [9] John Wallace, [10] Michael Mann, [11] Katharine Hayhoe, [12] Naomi Oreskes, [13] and Kevin Trenberth [14] among others. These scientists represent leading climate science departments including MIT, University of Washington, Harvard, and University of Colorado Boulder. Research centers they work at include the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), the Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), Western Water Assessment (WWA), the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), and the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP). [15]
The More Than Scientists' videos focus on the societal and personal effects of climate change, rather than presenting the science per se. [1] [2] [5] [6] [16] "Scientists... showcase their human reasons for concern about climate change, rather than the logical, methodological – and often hard to understand – voice often heard in television interviews or jargon scientific papers." reports the World Economic Forum. [1] As Cool Davis described, "These scientists who work in climate-related disciplines don’t spew facts and figures, but rather tell the personal concerns that those facts and figures have led them to. They talk about the potential impact of climate change on their families, their communities and the environment." [7]
At the time of More Than Scientists' launch in 2015 there was a substantial gulf between climate scientists' understanding of human-caused climate change ("anthropogenic global warming" or AGW as it was generally put at that time) and the general public's view of the scientists' research conclusions. In 2013 97% of climate scientists viewed human-caused climate change as the reality, [17] yet less than 10% of the public was aware of that consensus. [18] [19] [20]
At the same time, there was a relatively high level of trust in climate scientists. The Yale Project on Climate Change Communication reported in 2015 that 70% of the public trusts climate scientists for information about global warming, slightly ahead of family and friends (67%) and well ahead of then President Obama (42%) and mainstream news media (41%). [19]
With this background, there was increasing interest in the climate science community regarding communication with the general public about their research findings. "While there have been strong voices contributing to advancing this conversation, we believe voices of the scientists are critically needed to help dispel confusion about the science." reported Climate Access. [21] And "Scientists have a sentinel responsibility to alert society to threats about which ordinary people have no other way of knowing." argues Naomi Oreskes, Harvard Professor of the History of Science and Affiliated Professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences and More Than Scientists contributor. [22] According to Union of Concerned Scientists member and More Than Scientists contributor Gretchen Goldman, "The More Than Scientists campaign is a great example of the kind of outlet for which the UCS Science Network provides resources to help scientists communicate." [4]
More Than Scientists focuses on these primary topics: Impacts on ecosystems, Impacts on food supply, Impacts on forests, Impacts on society, Impacts on the ocean, Impacts on the water supply, Impacts on storms and natural disasters, Impacts on families, Impacts on future generations, Adaptation to climate change. [8] In addition, many of the videos provide personal introductions to the scientists themselves.
More Than Scientists was founded by Eric Michelman, its director, and Dargan Frierson, associate professor of atmospheric sciences at the University of Washington. [1] [2] [3] Free Range Studios led the campaign strategy, website development, and introduction.
Siegfried Fred Singer was an Austrian-born American physicist and emeritus professor of environmental science at the University of Virginia, trained as an atmospheric physicist. He was known for rejecting the scientific consensus on several issues, including climate change, the connection between UV-B exposure and melanoma rates, stratospheric ozone loss being caused by chlorofluoro compounds, often used as refrigerants, and the health risks of passive smoking.
There is a nearly unanimous scientific consensus that the Earth has been consistently warming since the start of the Industrial Revolution, that the rate of recent warming is largely unprecedented, and that this warming is mainly the result of a rapid increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) caused by human activities. The human activities causing this warming include fossil fuel combustion, cement production, and land use changes such as deforestation, with a significant supporting role from the other greenhouse gases such as methane and nitrous oxide. This human role in climate change is considered "unequivocal" and "incontrovertible".
Scientific consensus is the generally held judgment, position, and opinion of the majority or the supermajority of scientists in a particular field of study at any particular time.
The George C. Marshall Institute (GMI) was a nonprofit conservative think tank in the United States. It was established in 1984 with a focus on science and public policy issues and had an initial focus in defense policy. Starting in the late 1980s, the institute advocated for views in line with environmental skepticism, most notably climate change denial. The think tank received extensive financial support from the fossil fuel industry.
Science journalism conveys reporting about science to the public. The field typically involves interactions between scientists, journalists and the public.
Naomi Oreskes is an American historian of science. She became Professor of the History of Science and Affiliated Professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences at Harvard University in 2013, after 15 years as Professor of History and Science Studies at the University of California, San Diego.
Peter T. Doran is an American Earth scientist who is Professor of Geology and Geophysics and John Franks Endowed Chair at Louisiana State University. Prior to 2015, he was faculty in Earth and Environmental Sciences at the University of Illinois at Chicago.
Michael Oppenheimer is the Albert G. Milbank Professor of Geosciences and International Affairs in the Princeton School of Public and International Affairs, the Department of Geosciences, and the High Meadows Environmental Institute at Princeton University. He is the director of the Center for Policy Research on Energy and the Environment (C-PREE) at the Princeton School of Public and International Affairs and Faculty Associate of the Atmospheric and Ocean Sciences Program and the Princeton Institute for International and Regional Studies.
Climate change denial is a form of science denial characterized by rejecting, refusing to acknowledge, disputing, or fighting the scientific consensus on climate change. Those promoting denial commonly use rhetorical tactics to give the appearance of a scientific controversy where there is none. Climate change denial includes unreasonable doubts about the extent to which climate change is caused by humans, its effects on nature and human society, and the potential of adaptation to global warming by human actions. To a lesser extent, climate change denial can also be implicit when people accept the science but fail to reconcile it with their belief or action. Several studies have analyzed these positions as forms of denialism, pseudoscience, or propaganda.
The Climatic Research Unit email controversy began in November 2009 with the hacking of a server at the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) at the University of East Anglia (UEA) by an external attacker, copying thousands of emails and computer files to various internet locations several weeks before the Copenhagen Summit on climate change.
Public opinion on climate change is related to a broad set of variables, including the effects of sociodemographic, political, cultural, economic, and environmental factors as well as media coverage and interaction with different news and social media. International public opinion on climate change shows a majority viewing the crisis as an emergency.
Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming is a 2010 non-fiction book by American historians of science Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway. It identifies parallels between the global warming controversy and earlier controversies over tobacco smoking, acid rain, DDT, and the hole in the ozone layer. Oreskes and Conway write that in each case "keeping the controversy alive" by spreading doubt and confusion after a scientific consensus had been reached was the basic strategy of those opposing action. In particular, they show that Fred Seitz, Fred Singer, and a few other contrarian scientists joined forces with conservative think tanks and private corporations to challenge the scientific consensus on many contemporary issues.
Climate One is a weekly podcast and radio program, aired on more than 60 public radio stations around the U.S. A special project of The Commonwealth Club of California, Climate One is based in San Francisco, California. Through its podcast, national radio show, and live convenings for thought leaders and concerned members of the public, they create opportunities for dialogue and aim to inspire a more complete understanding the implications of a changing climate on society, energy systems, economy and the natural environment. Founded in 2007 by Greg Dalton, Climate One has brought together over a thousand policymakers, business leaders, scientists, activists, and others to examine the personal and systemic impacts of climate and advance the conversation about a clean energy future.
Skeptical Science is a climate science blog and information resource created in 2007 by Australian former cartoonist and web developer, John Cook, who received a PhD degree in cognitive science in 2016. In addition to publishing articles on current events relating to climate science and climate policy, the site maintains a database of articles analyzing the merit of arguments put forth by those who oppose the mainstream scientific opinion on climate change.
The Yale Program on Climate Change Communication (YPCCC) is a research center within the Yale School of the Environment that conducts scientific research on public climate change knowledge, attitudes, policy preferences, and behavior at the global, national, and local scales. It grew out of a conference held in Aspen, Colorado, in 2005.
Anthony Leiserowitz is a human geographer at Yale University who studies public perceptions of climate change. He has particularly examined perceptions within the United States, where people are considerably less aware of climate change than in other countries. In the U.S., awareness of information about climate change is heavily influenced by emotion, imagery, associations, and values. Their public discourse reflects a lack of understanding of the science involved in climate change and little awareness of the potential for effective responses to it.
James Lawrence Powell is an American geologist, writer, former college president and museum director. He chaired the geology department at Oberlin College later serving as its provost and president. Powell also served as president of Franklin & Marshall College as well as Reed College. Following his positions in higher education, Powell presided over the Franklin Institute and the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles.
Edward Wile Maibach is a professor at George Mason University who works on public health and climate change communication.
The gateway belief model (GBM) suggests that public perception of the degree of expert or scientific consensus on an issue functions as a so-called "gateway" cognition. Perception of scientific agreement is suggested to be a key step towards acceptance of related beliefs. Increasing the perception that there is normative agreement within the scientific community can increase individual support for an issue. A perception of disagreement may decrease support for an issue.
Climate communication or climate change communication is a field of environmental communication and science communication focused on discussing the causes, nature and effects of anthropogenic climate change.