The Mosaic Templars of America was a black fraternal order founded by John E. Bush and Chester W. Keatts, two former slaves, in Little Rock, Arkansas, in 1883. [1] [2] The organization originally provided illness, death, and burial insurance during an era when few basic services were available to black people.
According to the lore of the Mosaic Templars of America, happenstance led to the founding. John E. Bush and a white acquaintance were standing on the corner of Ninth and Broadway in Little Rock, when an elderly black women requested a donation to help with the final expenses of her husband. Bush was moved to act upon the request. He met with a close friend, Chester W. Keatts, and the two had the idea to form Mosaic Templars of America. [3] The name metaphorically linked the organization's services to African Americans and the oppressive conditions of the Jim Crow South to Moses' leadership during the Israelites exodus from slavery in Egypt and into the Promised Land. [4]
By 1900 Mosaic Templars' industries grew to include an insurance company, a building and loan association, a publishing company, a business college, a nursing school, and a hospital. [1] By the end of 1922 the MTA had 87,069 members. [5]
The MTA's goal was "to unite fraternally all persons of African descent of good character of every profession, business and occupation and to give all possible moral and material aid in its power to its members." It did not interfere with the political and religious opinions of its members. In 1923 the group's "Acting Grand Scribe" wrote to Arthur Preuss saying that "not as much stress is laid on the secret side of the organization as the business side." [6]
By 1905 it had lodges across the state and thousands of members. Its headquarters were housed in a handsome new building that opened in 1913 at Ninth and Broadway in Little Rock, Arkansas; Booker T. Washington delivered the dedication speech. [1] In the 1920s it claimed chapters in twenty-six states and six foreign countries, making it one of the largest black organizations in the world.
In the 1930s, the MTA began to feel the effects of the Great Depression and eventually ceased operations. However, a single chapter remains, in Barbados. The site of the organization's former headquarters is now home to the Mosaic Templars Cultural Center.
Woodson is a census-designated place (CDP) in Pulaski County, Arkansas, United States. Its population was 403 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Little Rock–North Little Rock–Conway Metropolitan Statistical Area. Woodson and its accompanying Woodson Lake and Wood Hollow are the namesake for Ed Wood Sr., a prominent plantation owner, trader, and businessman at the turn of the 20th century. Woodson is adjacent to the Wood Plantation, the largest of the plantations own by Ed Wood Sr.
Scipio Africanus Jones was an American educator, lawyer, judge, philanthropist, and Republican politician from the state of Arkansas. He was most known for having guided the appeals of the twelve African-American men condemned to death after the Elaine Massacre of October 1919. More than one hundred African Americans were indicted in the aftermath of the riot, although an estimated one hundred to two hundred Black Americans were killed in the county, along with five whites. No whites were prosecuted by the state. The case was appealed to the United States Supreme Court, which in Moore v. Dempsey (1923) set a precedent of reviewing the conduct of state criminal trials against the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
Rose Law Firm is an American law firm headquartered in Little Rock, Arkansas.
The Mosaic Templars Cultural Center is a nationally-accredited, world-class Department of Arkansas Heritage museum and cultural center in Little Rock, Arkansas, United States. Its mission is to collect, preserve, interpret, and celebrate African American history, culture, and community in Arkansas from 1870 to the present and to inform and educate the public about Black achievements, especially in business, politics, and the arts.
The National Negro Business League (NNBL) was an American organization founded in Boston in 1900 by Booker T. Washington to promote the interests of African-American businesses. The mission and main goal of the National Negro Business League was "to promote the commercial and financial development of the Negro." It was recognized as "composed of negro men and women who have achieved success along business lines". It grew rapidly with 320 chapters in 1905 and more than 600 chapters in 34 states in 1915.
Little Rock is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Arkansas. The city's population was 202,591 as of the 2020 census. The six-county Little Rock metropolitan area is the 81st-most populous in the United States with 748,031 residents according to the 2020 census.
The John E Bush House is a historic house at 1516 Ringo Street in Little Rock, Arkansas. It is a two-story wood-frame structure, with a front gable roof and clapboard siding. A single-story gabled porch, its gable nearly matching that of the main roof, projects from the front, supported by fieldstone columns. The gable ends feature half-timbering effect typical of the Craftsman/Bungalow style. The house was designed by Thompson & Harding and built in 1919.
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Little Rock, Arkansas, US.
The Modern Order of Praetorians, sometimes known as The Praetorians, was a fraternal organization founded in Dallas in 1898 or 1899 by Charles B. Gardner, who had formerly worked with the Home Forum and Woodmen of the World. Despite early setbacks the Order thrived and in the early built the Praetorian Building, the first skyscraper in Texas.
The Division of Arkansas Heritage (DAH) is a division of the Arkansas Department of Parks, Heritage, and Tourism of the U.S. State of Arkansas responsible for preserving, promoting, and protecting Arkansas's natural and cultural history and heritage. It was known as the Department of Arkansas Heritage until it was merged with the Arkansas Department of Parks and Tourism (ADPT) on July 1, 2019, becoming a division of ADPT's successor, the Arkansas Department of Parks, Heritage, and Tourism.
John M. Lewellen was an American politician. He was elected and served on the Little Rock City Board of Directors, the Pulaski County Quorum Court and in the Arkansas State Legislature representing the district in which he resided. He was a member of the Arkansas House of Representatives from 1999 to 2004, when he was succeeded by his wife, Wilhelmina Lewellen who served until 2010. John Lewellen is the only Arkansas official to have been elected and represented his district on the city, county and state level.
Mame Stewart Josenberger was an American educator, businesswoman, and clubwoman, based in Arkansas for most of her career.
John Edward Bush (1856–1916) was an American businessman, teacher, and politician. He co-founded the Mosaic Templars of America. He was a leader in the Republican Party.
Chester W. Keatts (1854–1908), a former slave, co-founded the Mosaic Templars of America in Little Rock, Arkansas. He worked for the railway mail service, federal court, and as a lawman. He campaigned for two offices as a member of the Republican Party and initially received the majority of votes, but was not formally elected due to ballot interference by the Democrats.
The Mosaic Templars State Temple is a historic African-American fraternal benefit society building at 906 South Broadway Street in Little Rock, Arkansas. It is a two-story masonry structure, built of brick and terra cotta. The front facade is symmetrical, with ornately decorated elements rising to a parapet. It was built in 1921 to house the headquarters of the state chapter of the Mosaic Templars of America, an African-American fraternal society founded by former slaves after the American Civil War. The building was part of a complex which originally included three buildings, one of which was the organization's national headquarters; the other two buildings were destroyed by fire.
John Carter was an African-American man who was murdered in Little Rock, Arkansas, on May 4, 1927. Grabbed by a mob after another Black man had been apprehended for the alleged murder of a white girl, Carter was hanged from a telephone pole, shot, dragged through the streets, and then burned in the center of the city's Black part of town with materials that a white crowd of perhaps 5,000 people had looted from nearby stores and businesses.
West Ninth Street was a former street area in West Little Rock, Arkansas. Although the former Black Business District and Neighborhood does not exist today, its history still survives throughout many research initiatives and the efforts of the Mosaic Templars Cultural Center, which is located in the former district.