In early modern Europe, particularly in Germany, a court Jew or court factor was a Jewish banker who handled the finances of, or lent money to, royalty and nobility. In return for their services, court Jews gained social privileges, including, in some cases, being granted noble status.
Eliezer Löb was a German rabbi. He was educated at the gymnasium of Darmstadt and at the University of Giessen, and received his rabbinical instruction chiefly under Benjamin Hirsch Auerbach, rabbi of Darmstadt, whose daughter he married. At first he was principal of the Jüdische Realschule in his native city, founded by him (1857–61). Subsequently he was called to the rabbinate of Ichenhausen, Bavaria, where he remained until 1873, when he was called to succeed Jacob Ettlinger as chief rabbi of Altona. He contributed to the Jüdische Presse, and prepared for publication H. J. Michael's bibliographical work Or ha-Chayyim but ill health prevented him from completing his labor, which was finished by A. Berliner. A rabbinical work by him, Dammeseq Eli'ezer remained in manuscript. He was a devoted worker for Orthodox communal affairs and was for years a trustee of the Hildesheimer Seminary at Berlin.
Amnon of Mainz or Amnon of Mayence is the subject of a medieval legend that became very popular. It tells of Rabbi Amnon, of Mainz (Mayence), Germany, in the 11th century, whom the Archbishop of Mainz, at various times, tried to convert to Christianity. On one occasion Amnon evasively asked to be given three days' time for consideration, but when he left the Archbishop's palace he immediately regretted even appearing to waver in his Jewish faith. When he failed to appear on the appointed day, the archbishop had him brought guarded into his presence. Amnon, rebuked for his failure to keep his promise, pleaded guilty, and said that his tongue should be amputated, because it had expressed a doubt as to the truth of Judaism. The archbishop, however, pronounced the sentence that Amnon's feet, which had refused to come, and his hands, be cut off. This was accordingly done.
Moses Nagari or Moses ben Judah (in Hebrew, Moshe ben Yehuda ha-Nagari was a medieval Jewish philosopher and writer. According to Steinschneider, he lived at Rome, Italy about 1300, and his name should be read "Na'ar", part of the Ne'arim family. Moses wrote Ma'amar ba-Ma'areket, an index to Maimonides' Moreh Nebukim, and explanations of philosophical terms, printed, together with Saul Cohen's philosophical questions on the "Moreh" addressed to Isaac Abravanel, at Venice in 1574. This being considered a fragment of a collective work on the Moreh, it was erroneously called Qetzat Bi'ure ha-Moreh.
Saul Levi Morteira or Mortera was a rabbi in Amsterdam. He was born in Venice, so he was neither a Sephardic or Ashkenazic Jew. He became a prominent figure in the city's community of exiled Portuguese Jews. His polemical writings against Catholicism had wide circulation.
Moses Amon also known as Moses Hamon (Amon) was the son of Joseph Hamon, born in Spain. Going with his father to Constantinople, he became physician to Suleiman the Magnificent. This "famous prince and great physician", as he is called by Judah ibn Verga, accompanied the monarch on all his expeditions, enjoying great favor on account of his knowledge and skill.
Samuel Garmison was a Jewish scholar and rabbi who lived in Ottoman Syria during the seventeenth century.
Aaron Abiob (1535–1605) was a Turkish rabbi of Salonica. He was the author of Oil of Myrrh, in the Yiddish known as Shemen ha-Mor, and was commentary on the Book of Esther. He lived and flourished in Salonica about 1540' his work being first printed in 1601, and living for some time in Constantinople.
Aaron ben Moses Teomim, was a Czech-Polish rabbinical scholar. While a preacher at Prague, he was called as rabbi to Worms in 1670, later holding the rabbinical seat of Cracow (Kraków), Poland. Soon after taking up the Cracow post, a politically- or financially-motivated order for his arrest was made: His death occurred as a result of mistreatment during his transfer to prison. Works published during his lifetime included scriptural discourse and commentary; his work on the Haggadah was reprinted several times in the decades after his death. Later, his approach to textual analysis and discussion, pilpulism, fell into disfavour.
Baruch Solomon Löwenstein was a Jewish mathematician. He wrote Bikkure ha-Limmudiyyot, explanations of mathematical passages in the works of Abraham ibn Ezra, Moses Maimonides, and Joseph Delmedigo. He also annotated and published in 1863 a second edition of Shebile di-Reḳia, by Elias ben Ḥayyim Kohen Höchheimer, on the rules of the calendar, with the elements of geometry, trigonometry, and astronomy.
Eliakim Getzel ben Judah ha-Milzahgi, also known by the acronym Rabiyah (ראבי״ה), was a Polish-born Talmudist.
Abraham Kahana was a Russian-born Biblical scholar, biographer, historian, translator, and librarian.
Ḥayyim Yitzḥak Mussafia was an 18th- and 19th-century Talmudist.
Philipp Heidenheim was a German rabbi and educator.
David ben Joseph Samoscz was a German author of Hebrew children's literature.
Johann Michael Siegfried Löwe, born Moses Samuel Löwe, was a Prussian painter and engraver.
The Paks Conference was a meeting of rabbis held 20 and 21 August 1844 in the town of Paks, Kingdom of Hungary. It was organized by Rabbi Feivel Horwitz in response to discussions on Jewish emancipation in the Hungarian Diet and the growing Reform movement in Germany.
Moses Münz was a Hungarian rabbi. He served as chief rabbi of Alt-Ofen (Óbuda) from 1790 until his death.
Baruch Uzziel ben Baruch Forti Chaschetto was an Italian rabbi and editor, who lived in Ferrara and Mantua in the sixteenth century.
Shemaiah di Medina was a Jewish scholar and liturgical poet.
