Mountain Diatreme

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The Mountain Diatreme is a diatreme in the Northwest Territories, Canada, located 190 km (118 mi) southwest of Norman Wells. It has a diameter of 600 m (1,969 ft) and is one of the nearly 100 diatremes in the central Mackenzie Mountains. [1]

Diatreme A volcanic pipe formed by a gaseous explosion

A diatreme, sometimes known as a maar-diatreme volcano, is a volcanic pipe formed by a gaseous explosion. When magma rises up through a crack in the Earth's crust and makes contact with a shallow body of ground water, rapid expansion of heated water vapor and volcanic gases can cause a series of explosions. A relatively shallow crater is left and a rock filled fracture in the Earth's crust. Diatremes breach the Earth's surface and produce a steep inverted cone shape.

Northwest Territories Territory of Canada

The Northwest Territories is a federal territory of Canada. At a land area of approximately 1,144,000 km2 (442,000 sq mi) and a 2016 census population of 41,786, it is the second-largest and the most populous of the three territories in Northern Canada. Its estimated population as of 2018 is 44,445. Yellowknife became the territorial capital in 1967, following recommendations by the Carrothers Commission.

Canada Country in North America

Canada is a country in the northern part of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering 9.98 million square kilometres, making it the world's second-largest country by total area. Canada's southern border with the United States, stretching some 8,891 kilometres (5,525 mi), is the world's longest bi-national land border. Its capital is Ottawa, and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver. As a whole, Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land area being dominated by forest and tundra. Consequently, its population is highly urbanized, with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, with 70% of citizens residing within 100 kilometres (62 mi) of the southern border. Canada's climate varies widely across its vast area, ranging from arctic weather in the north, to hot summers in the southern regions, with four distinct seasons.

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The Blackfoot diatreme is a diatreme in southeastern British Columbia, Canada, located 60 km (37 mi) northeast of Cranbrook. It is 1,000 m (3,281 ft) in length with a maximum width of 400 m (1,312 ft). The diatreme is elongate in shape, and outcrops east of Blackfoot Creek.

The Cross diatreme is a diatreme in southeastern British Columbia, Canada, located 60 km (37 mi) east of the Rocky Mountain Trench and 8 km (5 mi) northeast of Elkford.

The Gahcho Kué kimberlite pipes is a cluster of Cambrian kimberlite diatremes located 280 km (174 mi) northeast of Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada. It consists of four pipes: 5034, Hearne, Tuzo and Tesla.

The Deadhorse Creek diatreme complex is a diatreme complex in northwestern Ontario, Canada, located approximately 25 km (16 mi) west of Marathon. It is thought to have formed by the Midcontinent Rift System, a 2,000 km (1,243 mi) long rift in the centre of the North American continent that was active in the Mesoproterozoic.

The Ospika pipe is a small composite diatreme in northern British Columbia, Canada, located approximately 140 km (87 mi) north-northwest of Mackenzie, on the east side of Williston Lake between the Peace Reach and Ospika River.

The Elwin Bay diatreme, also called the Elwin Bay kimberlite, is a small post-Silurian diatreme located approximately 1 km (0.62 mi) south of Elwin Bay at the eastern margin of Somerset Island, Nunavut, Canada. It has a diameter of 200 m (656 ft).

The Phoenix pipe is a diatreme associated with the Birch Mountains kimberlite field in northern Alberta, Canada. It is thought to have formed about 75 million years ago when this part of Alberta was volcanically active during the Late Cretaceous period.

The Valkyrie pipe is a diatreme in northern Alberta, Canada. It is associated with a group of diatremes called the Birch Mountains kimberlite field which is thought to have formed about 75 million years ago when this part of Alberta was volcanically active during the Late Cretaceous period.

The Legend pipe is a diatreme associated with the Birch Mountains kimberlite field in northern Alberta, Canada. It is thought to have formed about 75 million years ago during the Late Cretaceous period.

The Xena pipe is a diatreme associated with the Birch Mountains kimberlite field in northern Alberta, Canada. It is thought to have formed about 75 million years ago when this part of Alberta was volcanically active during the Late Cretaceous period.

The Dragon pipe is a diatreme associated with the Birch Mountains kimberlite field in northern Alberta, Canada. It is thought to have formed about 75 million years ago when this part of Alberta was volcanically active during the Late Cretaceous period.

Birch Mountains kimberlite field

The Birch Mountains kimberlite field is a cluster of kimberlitic volcanic pipes or diatremes in north-central Alberta, Canada that were emplaced during a period of kimberlitic volcanism in the Late Cretaceous epoch. As of 2011, 8 diatremes had been discovered in the field, and diamonds and microdiamononds had been recovered during sampling programs.

The Misery Kimberlite Complex is a diatreme cluster in the Northwest Territories, Canada. It was formed approximately 56 million years ago by several overlapping explosive eruptions and intrusions. All seem to have been structurally controlled by zones of weakness related with faults, dikes and a major contact in the Archean basement. The Misery Kimberlite Complex is associated with a field of diamondiferous kimberlites called the Lac de Gras kimberlite field.

The Aristifats Diatreme is a diatreme in the Northwest Territories, Canada, located about 100 km (62 mi) east of Yellowknife. It is thought to have formed about 1850 million years ago with the eruption of pyroclastic breccia.

Artemisia pipe is a diamond bearing diatreme in the Slave craton region of northern Northwest Territories, Canada.

The Drybones Bay kimberlite pipe is a diamondiferous diatreme in the Slave craton of the Northwest Territories, Canada. It is the largest diatreme discovered in the Northwest Territories.

The Kendu pipe is a diatreme associated with the Birch Mountains kimberlite field in northern Alberta, Canada. It is thought to have formed about 75 million years ago when this part of Alberta was volcanically active during the Late Cretaceous period.

Northern Alberta kimberlite province

The Northern Alberta Kimberlite Province (NAKP) consists of three groups of diatremes or volcanic pipes in north-central Alberta, Canada, most of which are kimberlites and some of which are diamondiferous. They are called the Birch Mountains (BM), Buffalo Head Hills (BHH), and the Mountain Lake cluster (ML), and they were discovered between about 1990 and 1997. Most of the diatremes were emplaced during the Late Cretaceous Epoch although a few are as young as early Paleocene.

Lac de Gras kimberlite field

The Lac de Gras kimberlite field is a group of Late Cretaceous to Eocene age diatremes in the Northwest Territories, Canada.

Volcanology of Western Canada

Volcanology of Western Canada includes lava flows, lava plateaus, lava domes, cinder cones, stratovolcanoes, shield volcanoes, greenstone belts, submarine volcanoes, calderas, diatremes and maars, along with examples of more less common volcanic forms such as tuyas and subglacial mounds.

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