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References
- 1 2 3 Falola, Toyin (2009). Historical Dictionary of Nigeria. Lanham, Md: Scarecrow Press.
- ↑ The Cambridge History of Africa: 1870–1905. London: Cambridge University Press. 1985. p. 276.
- 1 2 3 4 Falola, Toyin (2009). Colonialism and Violence in Nigeria. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
- ↑ Paden, John (1973). Religion and Political Culture in Kano . Berkeley, A: University of California Press.
- ↑ Gott, Richard (3 November 2006). "Death of a sultan". The Guardian . Retrieved 2021-08-15.
- ↑ Sikanga, Ahmad Alawad (1995). Slaves into Workers: Emancipation and Labor in Colonial Sudan. Austin, Tx: University of Texas Press.
- Gott, Richard (3 November 2006). "Death of a sultan". The Guardian . Retrieved 28 April 2017.