Mukandi Lal | |
|---|---|
| Born | 14 October 1885 Patali village, Malla Nagpur patti, Chamoli Garhwal, Uttarakhand, British India |
| Died | 10 January 1982 (aged 96) |
| Occupations |
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 | The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guideline for biographies .(September 2018) |
Barrister Mukandi Lal (14 October 1885 - 10 January 1982) [1] was an Indian advocate, judge, freedom fighter, politician, writer and art critic hailing from Chamoli Garhwal, British India.
Mukandi Lal was born in Patali village, Malla Nagpur patti in Chamoli, Garhwal of British India. [2]
His early education was in Pauri and Almora, followed by higher education in Allahabad, Calcutta and Oxford. [3]
As a student of Muir central college, Allahabad, Lal accompanied Lala Lajpat Rai in his tour of Kumaon and Garhwal during the famine of 1913.[ citation needed ] He studied law at Oxford University. [4] His education at Oxford was sponsored by Ghanananad Khanduri, a local philanthropist. [2]
Lal was an advocate in the Allahabad High Court beginning in 1919 [5] and served as a Judge of the High Court in Tehri-Garhwal State. [3]
He was the founder and editor of the newspaper Tarun Kumaun (Young Kumaun). [4] In 1921, Garhwali and Kumaoni youth rallied against the coolie beggar system and Lal met Garhwali students from Varanasi on the issue. [4]
Lal represented Kumaon along with Pandit Govind Ballabh Pant in the Convention of the United Provinces Congress in November 1920, prior to the Nagpur session during which it was decided that the propaganda for Non-cooperation movement would also be carried out in Kumaon. [6] Lal represented Garhwal. [6]
Mukandi Lal was the legal counsel of the soldiers of 39 Garhwal Rifles accused of mutiny during the Peshawar Incident (Qissa Khwani Bazaar massacre) in 1930, when they refused to open fire against unarmed satyagrahis of Khudai Khidmatgar protesting the unlawful arrest of Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan. [5] He is credited for saving the 'Hero of Peshawar' - platoon commander Chandra Singh - from death-penalty. [7]
Lal became the definitive authority on the Garhwal School of Miniature Painting and the genre's most prolific artists - Mola Ram. [8] He authored the book Garhwal Paintings widely regarded as the maxime momenti on the subject, published by the Indian Department of Publications in 1968. [8]
He was awarded the fellowship of State Lalit Kala Akademi, Uttar Pradesh in 1972 and his work was recognised by the All India Fine Arts & Crafts Society in 1978. [2]
1. Garhwal Painting
The folk music of Uttarakhand refers to the traditional and contemporary songs of Kumaon and Garhwal regions in the foothills of Himalayas. This music has it's root in nature and the hilly terrain of the region.
Uttarakhand, formerly known as Uttaranchal, is a state in northern India. It is often referred to as the "Devbhumi" due to its religious significance and numerous Hindu temples and pilgrimage centres found throughout the state. Uttarakhand is known for the natural environment of the Himalayas, the Bhabar and the Terai regions. It borders the Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north; the Sudurpashchim Province of Nepal to the east; the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh to the south and Himachal Pradesh to the west and north-west. The state is divided into two divisions, Garhwal and Kumaon, with a total of 13 districts. The winter capital and largest city of the state is Dehradun, which is also a railhead. On 5 March 2020, Bhararisain, a town in the Gairsain Tehsil of the Chamoli district, was declared as the summer capital of Uttarakhand. The High Court of the state is located in Nainital, but is to be moved to Haldwani in future.
Almora is a district in the Kumaon Division of Uttarakhand state, India. The headquarters is at Almora. It is 1,638 meters above sea level. The neighbouring regions are Pithoragarh district to the east, Chamoli district to the west, Bageshwar district to the north and Nainital district to the south.
The University of Allahabad is a public state university located in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was established on 23 September 1887 by an act of Parliament and is recognised as an Institute of National Importance (INI). It is one of the oldest modern universities in India. Its origins lie in the Muir Central College, named after Lt. Governor of North-Western Provinces Sir William Muir in 1876, who suggested the idea of a Central University at Prayagraj, which later evolved to the present university. It was known as the "Oxford of the East". Its Central University status was re-established through the University of Allahabad Act 2005 by the Parliament of India.
Kumaoni is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by over two million people of the Kumaon region of the state of Uttarakhand in northern India and parts of Doti region in Western Nepal. As per 1961 survey there were 1,030,254 Kumaoni speakers in India. The number of speakers increased to 2.2 million in 2011.
Garhwali is an Indo-Aryan language of the Central Pahari subgroup. It is primarily spoken by over 2.5 million Garhwali people in the Garhwal region of the northern Indian state of Uttarakhand in the Indian Himalayas.
Govind Ballabh Pant was an Indian freedom fighter and the first chief minister of Uttar Pradesh. Alongside Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru and Vallabh Bhai Patel, Pant was a key figure in the movement for India's Independence and later a pivotal figure in the Indian Government. He was one of the foremost political leaders of Uttar Pradesh and a key player in the successful movement to establish Hindi as the official language of Indian Union.
Nainital district is a district in Kumaon division which is a part of Uttarakhand state in India. The headquarters is at Nainital.
Pauri Garhwal is a district in the Indian state of Uttarakhand. Its headquarters is in the town of Pauri. It is sometimes referred to simply as Garhwal district, though it should not be confused with the larger Garhwal region of which it is only a part of.
Almora is a municipal board and a cantonment town in the state of Uttarakhand, India. It is the administrative headquarters of Almora district. Almora is located on a ridge at the southern edge of the Kumaon Hills of the Himalaya range. The Koshi (Kaushiki) and Suyal (Salmale) rivers flow along the city and snow-capped Himalayas can be seen in the background.
Mola Ram or Maula Ram (1743–1833) was an Indian painter, who originated the Garhwal branch of the Kangra school of painting. He was also a poet, historian and diplomat. Much research about him was done by Mukandi Lal.
The Garhwali people are an Indian ethnolinguistic group native to the Garhwal, in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, who speak Garhwali, an Indo-Aryan language.
Garhwal Kingdom was an independent Himalayan kingdom in the current north-western Himalayan state of Uttarakhand, India, founded in 688 CE by Kanak Pal, the progenitor of the Panwar dynasty that ruled over the kingdom uninterrupted until 1803 CE.
General elections were held in British India in 1934. The Indian National Congress emerged as the largest party in the Central Legislative Assembly.
The Uttarakhand movement refers to the events of statehood activism within the undivided state of Uttar Pradesh which ultimately resulted in the formation of Uttarakhand, India as a separate state.
Aditya Narayan Purohit is an Indian scientist and professor who has mainly worked on ecophysiology of tree species and physiology of high altitude medicinal plants. He was the Vice-Chancellor of Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University and director of the university's High Altitude Plant Physiology Research Center. He was also the Director of Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development from 1990 to 1995.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Uttarakhand:
The Coolie-Begar or Coolie- Utar movement was a non-violent movement by the general public of Kumaun in the Bageshwar town of United Provinces in 1921. This movement was led by Hargovind Pant and Badri Datt Pandey, who were awarded the titles of 'Jannayak' and 'Kumaon Kesari' respectively after the success of this movement. The aim of this movement was to put pressure on the British to end the practice of Coolie-Begar. Mahatma Gandhi, while praising the movement, named it 'Bloodless Revolution'.
Ashok Kumar is a retired 1989 batch Indian Police Service officer of the Uttarakhand cadre, who is served as the 11th Director General of Uttarakhand Police and was succeeded by Abhinav Kumar 1996 batch Indian Police Service officer.