Mystagogy of the Holy Spirit

Last updated

The Mystagogy of the Holy Spirit is a work by Photius I who was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople (858 to 867 and 877 to 886). The work concerns the Procession of the Holy Spirit in the Trinity.

Contents

Photius argues against the idea that the Holy Spirit proceeds from both the Father and the Son (as proclaimed in the Western Creed under the Filioque clause) but rather, like the Son, proceeds only from the Father. "...if — as this blasphemy cries out — the Spirit also proceeds from the Son, then why not simply tear up the Word [Logos] and propagate the fable that the Spirit also produces the Son, thereby according the same equality of rank to each hypostasis by allowing each hypostasis to produce the other hypostasis?" [1] Daniel Akin summerises it as formulating the doctrine of monopatrism generally accepted by the East and says that Photius points out that the Double Procession verges on Modalism:

"If the Spirit proceeds from the common nature, as the West taught, then he absurdly proceeds from himself... When Scripture speaks of the 'Spirit of Christ', it is not referring to procession but to the Spirit having annointed Christ". [2]

Howard Watkin-Jones [3] calls the book "an example of his dialectical powers and also of the faculty of plausible presentation". He points out that the book almost exclusively concentrares on the Procession without reference to the work of the Holy Spirit, which he asserts is typical of Greek theology. He finally concludes that the argument in the work epitomise the thought of the "Eastern mind with reference to this keen theological issue".

The first English translation, by Holy Transfiguration Monastery, was published in 1983. [4] [5] Another translation was published in 1987 with a preface by Archimandrite (now Archbishop) Chrysostomos of Etna. [6] [7] [8]

Further reading

  1. The Oxford Handbook of the Trinity, ed. Gilles Emery, O. P. and Matthew Levering. Extract
  2. The Reading and Preaching of the Scriptures in the Worship of the Christian Church, Volume 3: The Medieval Church: v.3, by Hughes Oliphant Old (26 Jul 1999) Extract

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Athanasius of Alexandria</span> Pope of Alexandria from 328 to 373

Athanasius I of Alexandria, also called Athanasius the Great, Athanasius the Confessor, or, among Coptic Christians, Athanasius the Apostolic, was a Christian theologian and the 20th patriarch of Alexandria. His intermittent episcopacy spanned 45 years, of which over 17 encompassed five exiles, when he was replaced on the order of four different Roman emperors. Athanasius was a Church Father, the chief proponent of Nicene theology against the anti-Nicenes, and a noted Egyptian Christian leader of the fourth century.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eastern Orthodox Church</span> Second-largest Christian church

The Eastern Orthodox Church, officially the Orthodox Catholic Church, and also called the Greek Orthodox Church or simply the Orthodox Church, is the second-largest Christian church, with approximately 230 million baptised members. It operates as a communion of autocephalous churches, each governed by its bishops via local synods. The church has no central doctrinal or governmental authority analogous to the head of the Catholic Church. Nevertheless, the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople is recognised by them as primus inter pares, a title formerly given to the patriarch of Rome. As one of the oldest surviving religious institutions in the world, the Eastern Orthodox Church has played an especially prominent role in the history and culture of Eastern and Southeastern Europe.

<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Filioque</i></span> Latin term meaning "and from the Son" appended to the Nicene Creed

Filioque, a Latin term meaning "and from the Son", was added to the original Nicene Creed, and has been the subject of great controversy between Eastern and Western Christianity. The term refers to the Son, Jesus Christ, with the Father, as the one shared origin of the Holy Spirit. It is not in the original text of the Creed, attributed to the First Council of Constantinople (381), which says that the Holy Spirit proceeds "from the Father" without the addition "and the Son".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gregory of Nazianzus</span> Christian saint and theologian (c. 329 – 390)

Gregory of Nazianzus, also known as Gregory the Theologian or Gregory Nazianzen, was a 4th-century archbishop of Constantinople and theologian. He is widely considered the most accomplished rhetorical stylist of the patristic age. As a classically trained orator and philosopher, he infused Hellenism into the early church, establishing the paradigm of Byzantine theologians and church officials.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Photios I of Constantinople</span> Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 858 to 867 and 877 to 886

Photios I, also spelled Photius, was the ecumenical patriarch of Constantinople from 858 to 867 and from 877 to 886. He is recognized in the Eastern Orthodox Church as Saint Photios the Great.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Didymus the Blind</span> 4th century Alexandrian Christian theologian

Didymus the Blind was a Christian theologian in the Church of Alexandria, where he taught for about half a century. He was a student of Origen, and, after the Second Council of Constantinople condemned Origen, Didymus's works were not copied. Many of his writings are lost, but some of his commentaries and essays survive. He was seen as intelligent and a good teacher.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cappadocian Fathers</span> Group of early Christian chaplains

The Cappadocian Fathers, also traditionally known as the Three Cappadocians, were a trio of Byzantine Christian prelates, theologians and monks who helped shape both early Christianity and the monastic tradition. Basil the Great (330–379) was Bishop of Caesarea; Basil's younger brother Gregory of Nyssa was Bishop of Nyssa; and a close friend, Gregory of Nazianzus (329–389), became Patriarch of Constantinople. The Cappadocia region, in modern-day Turkey, was an early site of Christian activity.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pneumatology</span> Branch of Christian theology that studies the Holy Spirit

Pneumatology refers to a particular discipline within Christian theology that focuses on the study of the Holy Spirit. The term is derived from the Greek word Pneuma, which designates "breath" or "spirit" and metaphorically describes a non-material being or influence. The English term pneumatology comes from two Greek words: πνεῦμα and λόγος. Pneumatology includes study of the person of the Holy Spirit, and the works of the Holy Spirit. This latter category also includes Christian teachings on new birth, spiritual gifts (charismata), Spirit-baptism, sanctification, the inspiration of prophets, and the indwelling of the Holy Trinity. Different Christian denominations have different theological approaches on various pneumatological questions.

Hypostasis, from the Greek ὑπόστασις (hypóstasis), is the underlying, fundamental state or substance that supports all of reality. It is not the same as the concept of a substance. In Neoplatonism, the hypostasis of the soul, the intellect (nous) and "the one" was addressed by Plotinus. In Christian theology, the Holy Trinity consists of three hypostases: that of the Father, that of the Son, and that of the Holy Spirit.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vladimir Lossky</span> Russian Orthodox theologian (1903–1958)

Vladimir Nikolaievich Lossky was a Russian Eastern Orthodox theologian exiled in Paris. He emphasized theosis as the main principle of Eastern Orthodox Christianity.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Photian schism</span> 9th-century schism between Rome and Constantinople

The Photian Schism was a four-year (863–867) schism between the episcopal sees of Rome and Constantinople. The issue centred on the right of the Byzantine Emperor to depose and appoint a patriarch without approval from the papacy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Palamism</span> Theological teachings of Gregory Palamas

Palamism or the Palamite theology comprises the teachings of Gregory Palamas, whose writings defended the Eastern Orthodox practice of Hesychasm against the attack of Barlaam. Followers of Palamas are sometimes referred to as Palamites.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Coptic history</span> Aspect of the history of Egypt focusing on the history of the Copts

Coptic history is the part of the history of Egypt that begins with the introduction of Christianity in Egypt in the 1st century AD during the Roman period, and covers the history of the Copts to the present day. Many of the historic items related to Coptic Christianity are on display in many museums around the world and a large number is in the Coptic Museum in Coptic Cairo.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">First seven ecumenical councils</span> Early Christian governance councils

In the history of Christianity, the first seven ecumenical councils include the following: the First Council of Nicaea in 325, the First Council of Constantinople in 381, the Council of Ephesus in 431, the Council of Chalcedon in 451, the Second Council of Constantinople in 553, the Third Council of Constantinople from 680 to 681 and finally, the Second Council of Nicaea in 787. All of the seven councils were convened in what is now the country of Turkey.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Christianity in the 9th century</span> Christianity-related events during the 9th century

In the 9th century, Christianity was spreading throughout Europe, being promoted especially in the Carolingian Empire, its eastern neighbours, Scandinavia, and northern Spain. In 800, Charlemagne was crowned as Holy Roman Emperor, which continued the Photian schism.

The history of Eastern Orthodox Christian theology begins with the life of Jesus and the forming of the Christian Church. Major events include the Chalcedonian schism of 451 with the Oriental Orthodox miaphysites, the Iconoclast controversy of the 8th and 9th centuries, the Photian schism (863-867), the Great Schism between East and West, and the Hesychast controversy. The period after the end of the Second World War in 1945 saw a re-engagement with the Greek, and more recently Syriac Fathers that included a rediscovery of the theological works of St. Gregory Palamas, which has resulted in a renewal of Orthodox theology in the 20th and 21st centuries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Holy Spirit (Christian denominational variations)</span> Christian denominations have variations in their teachings regarding the Holy Spirit.

The different Denominations of Christianity have variations in their teachings regarding the Holy Spirit.

The history of the filioque controversy is the historical development of theological controversies within Christianity regarding three distinctive issues: the orthodoxy of the doctrine of procession of the Holy Spirit as represented by the Filioque clause, the nature of anathemas mutually imposed by conflicted sides during the Filioque controversy, and the liceity (legitimacy) of the insertion of the Filioque phrase into the Nicene Creed. Although the debates over the orthodoxy of the doctrine of procession and the nature of related anathemas preceded the question of the admissibility of the phrase as inserted into the Creed, all of those issues became linked when the insertion received the approval of the Pope in the eleventh century.

The position of the Eastern Orthodox Church regarding the Filioque controversy is defined by their interpretation of the Bible, and the teachings of the Church Fathers, creeds and definitions of the seven Ecumenical Councils, as well as the decisions of several particular councils of the Eastern Orthodox Church.

Laetentur Caeli: Bulla Unionis Graecorum was a papal bull issued on 6 July 1439 by Pope Eugene IV at the Council of Ferrara-Florence. It officially reunited the Catholic Church with the Eastern Orthodox Church, temporarily ending the East–West Schism; however, it was repudiated by most eastern bishops shortly thereafter. The incipit of the bull is derived from Psalms 95:11 in the Vulgate Bible.

References

  1. Photius I. The Mystagogy of the Holy Spirit. Myriobiblos.
  2. Akin; Akin, Daniel L. (June 2014). A Theology for the Church. B&H Publishing Group. ISBN   978-1-4336-8213-1.
  3. Watkin-Jones, Howard (2021-11-27). The Holy Spirit in the Mediaeval Church: A Study of the Christian Teaching Concerning the Holy Spirit and His Place in the Trinity from the Post-Patristic Age to the Counter-Reformation. Wipf and Stock Publishers. ISBN   978-1-6667-3521-5.
  4. Photius I (1983). On the Mystagogy of the Holy Spirit. Studion Publishers. ISBN   9780943670003.
  5. Photius; Photius; Photius (1983). On the mystagogy of the Holy Spirit. Place of publication not identified: Studion Publishers. ISBN   978-0-943670-00-3.
  6. Photius I; Joseph P. Farrell (1987). The Mystagogy of the Holy Spirit. Holy Cross Orthodox Press. ISBN   9780916586881.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. "Mystagogy of the Holy Spirit". Holy Cross Bookstore. Retrieved 2024-06-07.
  8. "The Mystagogy of the Holy Spirit". SVS Press & Bookstore. Retrieved 2024-06-07.