The geography of Israel is very diverse, with desert conditions in the south, and snow-capped mountains in the north. Israel is located at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea in West Asia. It is bounded to the north by Lebanon, the northeast by Syria, the east by Jordan and the West Bank, and to the southwest by Egypt. To the west of Israel is the Mediterranean Sea, which makes up the majority of Israel's 273 km (170 mi) coastline, and the Gaza Strip. Israel has a small coastline on the Red Sea in the south.
Beersheba, officially Be'er-Sheva, is the largest city in the Negev desert of southern Israel. Often referred to as the "Capital of the Negev", it is the centre of the fourth-most populous metropolitan area in Israel, the eighth-most populous Israeli city with a population of 214,162, and the second-largest city in area, with a total area of 117,500 dunams.
Brook of Egypt is the name used in some English translations of the Bible for the Hebrew נַחַל מִצְרַיִם, naḥal mizraim, a river (bed) forming the southernmost border of the Land of Israel. A number of scholars in the past identified it with Wadi el-Arish, an epiphemeral river flowing into the Mediterranean sea near the Egyptian city of Arish, while other scholars, including Israeli archaeologist Nadav Na'aman and the Italian Mario Liverani believe that the Besor stream, just to the south of Gaza, is the "Brook of Egypt" referenced in the Bible. A related phrase is nahar mizraim, used in Genesis 15:18.
Lakhish River is a river in Israel that flows into the Mediterranean Sea at the city of Ashdod. It is also known as Wadi Kabiba and Wadi Sukhrir in Arabic.
Wadi Gaza and Besor Stream are parts of a river system in the Gaza Strip and Negev region of Palestine and Israel. Wadi Gaza is a wadi that divides the northern and southern ends of the Gaza Strip, its major tributary is Besor Steam. In 2022 work began to rehabilitate Wadi Gaza Nature Reserve.
Unrecognized Bedouin villages in Israel are rural Bedouin communities in the Negev and the Galilee which the Israeli government does not recognize as legal. They are often referred to as "unrecognized villages".
The water resources of Palestine are de facto fully controlled by Israel, and the division of groundwater is subject to provisions in the Oslo II Accord.
Nahal Alexander, called NaharIskandar in Arabic, is a river in Israel that flows from the western side of the Samaria mountain belt in the West Bank to the Mediterranean Sea, north of Netanya. The length of the river is about 45 km. Several small streams flow into Nahal Alexander: Nablus and the jewish settlements of Te'enim, Ometz, Bahan, and Avihail. The river is the habitat of soft-shell turtles that can reach a size of 1.20 meters.
Ayun Stream, sometimes spelled Nahal Iyyon, in Arabic: براغيث Bureighit, or in full Nahr Bareighit, is a perennial stream and a tributary of the Jordan River. The stream originates from two springs in the Marjayoun valley in southern Lebanon, runs southward for seven kilometers through various irrigation ditches, then flows into Israel near Metulla, where it continues through the Hula Valley in the Galilee Panhandle until emptying in the Hasbani River just before it reaches the Jordan River.
Wadi Qana is a wadi with an intermittent stream meandering westwards from Huwara, south of Nablus, in the West Bank, Palestine, down to Jaljulia in Israel, from where it flows into the Yarkon River, of which it is a tributary.
The Nahal Zin fuel leak was a severe ecological disaster caused in June 2011 when a backhoe loader struck and ruptured an underground fuel pipeline in southern Israel. 1.5 million liters of jet fuel leaked into the surrounding soil, resulting in localized soil contamination, damage to nearby flora, and wasted fuel. It is considered the worst ecological disaster ever to befall a nature reserve in the history of the State of Israel.
The 2007 Nahal Telem shooting was a Palestinian militant attack which was carried out on December 28, 2007 in which two Israeli soldiers were killed while they were on vacation, when hiking in the Nahal Telem wadi. One of the assailants was killed in the immediate exchange of fire, and two others later on turned themselves in to the Palestinian Authority, were indicted by the PA, and were sentenced to 15 years in prison each. Two of the attackers belonged to the Fatah, one of them was a soldier in the Palestinian National Security Forces.
The Oslo II Accord, also known as the Interim Agreement on the West Bank and Gaza Strip or more simply Oslo II, established provisions and policies on the environment in six distinct articles within the first appendix of Annex III, "Protocol Concerning Civil Affairs." The key areas addressed are agriculture, environmental protection, forests, nature reserves, parks, and water and sewage.
Yaakov Havakook is an anthropologist and orientalist from Ben-Gurion University of the Negev in Be'er-Sheva.
Nahal Gerar, also Nachal Grar is a wadi in Israel, in the Negev desert. Its Arabic name is Wadi esh-Sheri'a. Along this wadi, there are several important ancient Bronze Age archaeological sites. During the Early Iron Age this was an area of Philistine settlement.
Nahal Paran is a seasonal stream in Egypt's Sinai Peninsula and Israel's Negev Desert. With a length of 150 kilometers, it is the third largest watercourse in Israel after the Jordan River and Yarmouk River. It is also the widest watercourse in Israel.
Wadi Auja, also spelled Ouja, known in Hebrew as Nahal Yitav is a valley or stream, in the West Bank, originating near the Ein Samia spring and flowing to Al-Auja near Jericho before it runs into the Jordan River.
Nahal Zin is one of the largest intermittent streams in the Negev, and it is commonly seen as the border between the northern and central Negev. The stream flows from the Plain of the Winds north of the Ramon Crater, passes south and at the foot of the Ben-Gurion Institute, and continues from there. In the northern Arava, the stream is dammed by an earthen embankment, flows into the drainage systems of the Dead Sea Works, and is diverted to the northern basin of the Dead Sea. The length of the stream is about 120 kilometers, and it is the second largest intermittent stream in Israel after Nahal Paran.
