Related Research Articles
Histocompatibility, or tissue compatibility, is the property of having the same, or sufficiently similar, alleles of a set of genes called human leukocyte antigens (HLA), or major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Each individual expresses many unique HLA proteins on the surface of their cells, which signal to the immune system whether a cell is part of the self or an invading organism. T cells recognize foreign HLA molecules and trigger an immune response to destroy the foreign cells. Histocompatibility testing is most relevant for topics related to whole organ, tissue, or stem cell transplants, where the similarity or difference between the donor's HLA alleles and the recipient's triggers the immune system to reject the transplant. The wide variety of potential HLA alleles lead to unique combinations in individuals and make matching difficult.
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a large locus on vertebrate DNA containing a set of closely linked polymorphic genes that code for cell surface proteins essential for the adaptive immune system. These cell surface proteins are called MHC molecules.
The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system or complex is a complex of genes on chromosome 6 in humans which encode cell-surface proteins responsible for regulation of the immune system. The HLA system is also known as the human version of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) found in many animals.
Transplant rejection occurs when transplanted tissue is rejected by the recipient's immune system, which destroys the transplanted tissue. Transplant rejection can be lessened by determining the molecular similitude between donor and recipient and by use of immunosuppressant drugs after transplant.
Baruj Benacerraf was a Venezuelan-American immunologist, who shared the 1980 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the "discovery of the major histocompatibility complex genes which encode cell surface protein molecules important for the immune system's distinction between self and non-self." His colleagues and shared recipients were Jean Dausset and George Davis Snell.
Jean-Baptiste-Gabriel-Joachim Dausset was a French immunologist born in Toulouse, France. Dausset received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1980 along with Baruj Benacerraf and George Davis Snell for their discovery and characterisation of the genes making the major histocompatibility complex. Using the money from his Nobel Prize and a grant from the French Television, Dausset founded the Human Polymorphism Study Center (CEPH) in 1984, which was later renamed the Foundation Jean Dausset-CEPH in his honour. He married Rose Mayoral in 1963, with whom he had two children, Henri and Irène. Jean Dausset died on June 6, 2009, in Majorca, Spain, at the age of 92.
Pamela Jane Bjorkman NAS, AAAS is an American biochemist and molecular biologist. She is the David Baltimore Professor of Biology and Biological Engineering at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). Her research centers on the study of the three-dimensional structures of proteins related to Class I MHC, or Major Histocompatibility Complex, proteins of the immune system, and proteins involved in the immune responses to viruses. Bjorkman's goal is to improve current therapeutic applications. Bjorkman is most well known as a pioneer in the field of structural biology.
Tissue typing is a procedure in which the tissues of a prospective donor and recipient are tested for compatibility prior to transplantation. Mismatched donor and recipient tissues can lead to rejection of the tissues. There are multiple methods of tissue typing.
Immunogenetics or immungenetics is the branch of Medical Immunology and Medical Genetics that explores the relationship between the immune system and genetics.
Paul Ichiro Terasaki was an American scientist in the field of human organ transplant technology, and professor emeritus of surgery at UCLA School of Medicine.
The European Federation for Immunogenetics (EFI) is the European association of people with interests in the field of immunogenetics.
Human Immunology is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Elsevier. This journal features original research articles, review articles and brief communications on the subjects of immunogenetics, cellular immunology and immune regulation, and clinical immunology, and is the journal of the American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics (ASHI).
The Banff Foundation for Allograft Pathology also known as the Banff Foundation for Transplant Pathology is a nonprofit Swiss foundation which aims to "lead development and dissemination of the international Banff Classification of Allograft Pathology and to facilitate multidisciplinary, collaborative research to enhance its scientific basis and clinical utility to improve the care of transplant patients". Its predecessor group had organized transplant pathology meetings in every odd numbered year since 1991 and the Foundation has specific future meeting plans through 2025. The meetings establish and maintain the worldwide standards for tissue biopsy reporting and diagnosis of transplant rejection through consensus decision making. They thereby provide an essential service to the field of allotransplantation. The goals of the Banff foundation are to facilitate knowledge generation and translation in transplantation pathology with the ultimate aim of improving patient outcomes, maintaining the Banff meeting spirit of a multinational, multidisciplinary consensus group, raising funds for research and education in transplantation pathology, providing guidance and financial support for Working Group activities and Banff meetings activities. Kim Solez is the Chair of the Banff Foundation for Allograft Pathology. The 2015 Banff Conference for Allograft Pathology was held in conjunction with the Canadian Society of Transplantation in Vancouver, BC, and included consideration of molecular pathology and tissue engineering pathology as well as traditional light microscopy, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy. The 2017 Banff Conference was held in Barcelona, Spain. The 2019 Banff Conference was held in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and the 2021 Banff Conference will be in Banff, Alberta, Canada.
Narinder Kumar Mehra is an Indian immunologist, head of the department of transplant immunology and immunogenetics of the SRL Limited, Gurgaon. He is a former dean of research and holds the ICMR Dr. C.G. Pandit National Chair at AIIMS. An elected fellow of the International Medical Sciences Academy, The World Academy of Sciences, Indian National Science Academy and National Academy of Sciences, India, Mehra is known for his research on histocompatibility and immunogenetics. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards for his contributions to Medical Sciences in 1992. He received the Chevalier of the National Order of Merit from François Mitterrand in 2003.
Thalachallour Mohanakumar is an Indian academic and professor with a research interest in tumor immunology for lung/breast cancer and bone marrow transplantation. His academic title is the Jacqueline G. and William E. Maritz professor of surgery, Pathology, and Immunology in the Department of Surgery at Washington University School of Medicine.
Rainer Blasczyk is a German physician, university professor, entrepreneur and philanthropist. He specializes in transfusion medicine with a focus on transplantation and immunogenetics. He is considered a pioneer in genetic engineering of allografts to increase histocompatibility and prevent organ rejection after organ transplantation.
Alexandre Loupy is a French nephrologist, a university professor and hospital practitioner at the Necker Hospital of the Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, in the kidney transplant department. He is known for his discoveries on the topic of graft rejection.,, Its approach proposing innovative methodological tools has led to a better understanding but has also led to important changes in the international classification of graft rejection., These discoveries allow to improve the performance of clinical trials and to consider new therapeutic innovations in transplantation.
Kamala Balakrishnan was an Indian military officer and immunologist. She was a lieutenant colonel in the Indian Armed Forces, president of the American Society of Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics (ASHI), and director of the Transplantation Immunology Division at the Paul Hoxworth Blood Center in Cincinnati, Ohio.
Rose Marise Ostroff Payne was an American molecular biologist. She was best known for her discovery and contributions to understanding of the human major histocompatibility complex, the human leukocyte antigen. Her colleagues referred to her as "The Mother of HLA".
References
- 1 2 Goeken, Nancy Ellen (1972). Ontogeny of the Immune Response in the Chicken (Ph.D. thesis). University of Missouri. OCLC 44452569.
- ↑ Campbell, Jan; Crowe, Raymond R.; Goeken, Nancy; Pfohl, Bruce; Pauls, David; Palmer, Dolores (August 1984). "Affective disorder not linked to HLA in a large bipolar kindred". Journal of Affective Disorders. 7 (1): 45–51. doi:10.1016/0165-0327(84)90063-6.
- ↑ "Past Presidents". American Society of Transplantation. 2010-12-02. Retrieved 2024-01-20.
- ↑ "ASHI Presidents - American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics". www.ashi-hla.org. Retrieved 2024-01-20.
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