Sources
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain : Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "Naphtali Busnash". The Jewish Encyclopedia . New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
Naphtali Busnash was Chief of the Algerian Jews and statesman; born in Algiers in the middle of the eighteenth century; assassinated June 28, 1805.
He was engaged — first alone, and later with the firm Bakri Brothers — in the grain trade, of which the Dey Ḥasan, with whom Busnash was on friendly terms, granted him a monopoly. The firm of Bakri & Busnash soon attained a wide reputation, and Busnash became (according to some) the most influential man in Algeria. In 1800 he was appointed by the dey Mustapha—whom he had helped to attain to power—chief of the Algerian Jews, a post to which was attached the office of broker to the dey, and the consul-generalship of Ragusa. In this position Busnash displayed so much ability that he won the entire confidence of the dey, who practically left the government in his hands. It was he who received the consuls and settled differences between Algeria and foreign countries. His power did not, however, last. The Janissaries and Muslim extremists reluctantly submitted to the domination of a Jew; but Busnash, after having escaped several attempts on his life, was at last shot dead by a janissary at the gate of the dey's palace.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain : Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "Naphtali Busnash". The Jewish Encyclopedia . New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
Dey, from the Turkish honorific title dayı, literally meaning uncle, was the title given to the rulers of the Regency of Algiers (Algeria), Tripoli, and Tunis under the Ottoman Empire from 1671 onwards. Twenty-nine deys held office from the establishment of the deylicate in Algeria until the French conquest in 1830.
name=":24">Leynadier, Camille (1846). Histoire de l'Algérie française: précédée d'une introduction sur les dominations carthaginoise, romaine, arabe et turque : suivie d'un précis historique sur l'empire du Maroc. H. Morel. p. 89.</ref>
1516–1519: Sultanate
1519–1587: Beylerbeylik
1587–1659: Pashalik
1659–1671: Aghalik
1671-1830: Deylik | title_leader = Pasha | leader1 = Oruç Reis | year_leader1 = 1516–1518 | leader2 = Baba Ali Chaouch | year_leader2 = 1710–1718 | leader3 = Hussein Dey | year_leader3 = 1818–1830 | title_deputy = | deputy1 = | year_deputy1 = | deputy2 = | year_deputy2 = | event_pre = Spanish conquest of Oran | date_pre = 1509 | event_start = Capture of Algiers | year_start = 1516 | event1 = Ottoman–Habsburg wars | date_event1 = 1521–1791 | event2 = Algiers expedition | date_event2 = 1541 | event3 = Algerian-Sherifian conflicts | date_event3 = 1550–1795 | event4 = Golden Age of the Barbary slave trade | date_event4 = 1580–1640 | event5 = Turkish abductions | date_event5 = 1627 | event6 = Janissary Revolution | date_event6 = 1659 | event7 = Franco-Algerian war | date_event7 = 1681–1688 | event8 = Maghrebi war | date_event8 = 1699–1702 | event9 = Spanish–Algerian war | date_event9 = 1775–1785 | event10 = Barbary Wars | date_event10 = 1785–1816 | event11 = Spanish–Algerian war | date_event11 = 1775–1785 | event_end = Invasion of Algiers | year_end = 1830 | stat_year1 = 1830 | stat_pop1 = 3,000,000–5,000,000 | stat_area1 = | ref_area1 = | official_languages = Arabic and Ottoman Turkish | religion = Official, and majority:
Sunni Islam
Minorities:
Ibadi Islam
Shia Islam
Judaism
Christianity | currency = Algerian mahboub(Sultani)
Algerian budju
aspre
Minor coins :
saïme
pataque-chique | today = Algeria | demonym = Algerian or Algerine | area_km2 = | area_rank = | GDP_PPP = | GDP_PPP_year = | HDI = | HDI_year = | image_coat = Coat of Arms of ancient Algeria.png | coa_size = 120px | map_width = 300px | map2_width = 300px | leader_title1 = Pasha | leader_title2 = }}
Hussein Dey was the last Dey of the Deylik of Algiers.
David ben Joseph Coen Bakri was a financier and chief of the Algerian Jews.
Jacob Cohen Bakri was involved in the Fly-whisk Incident which led to the French conquest of Algeria.
The invasion of Algiers in 1830 was a large-scale military operation by which the Kingdom of France, ruled by Charles X, invaded and conquered the Deylik of Algiers.
The French conquest of Algeria took place between 1830 and 1903. In 1827, an argument between Hussein Dey, the ruler of the Regency of Algiers, and the French consul escalated into a blockade, following which the July Monarchy of France invaded and quickly seized Algiers in 1830, and seized other coastal communities. Amid internal political strife in France, decisions were repeatedly taken to retain control of the territory, and additional military forces were brought in over the following years to quell resistance in the interior of the country.
The Muradid dynasty was a dynasty of beys that ruled Tunisia from 1613 to 1702. They were succeeded in 1705 by the Husainid dynasty.
Pierre Deval (1758–1829) was French Consul-General in Algeria from 1814 to 1827. He is known for his diplomatic mission to the Regency of Algiers, and the diplomatic slights he received while there, which gave a pretext to the French invasion of Algiers in 1830.
Hammuda Pasha Bey, died April 13, 1666 was the second Bey of the Tunisian Muradid dynasty. He reigned from 1631 until his death.
Ottoman Tunisia, also known as the Regency of Tunis, refers to the Turkish presence in Ifriqiya from the 16th to the 19th century, when Tunis was officially integrated into the Ottoman Empire as the Eyalet of Tunis. Eventually, including all of the Maghrib except Morocco, the Ottoman Empire began with the takeover of Algiers in 1516 by the Ottoman Turkish corsair and beylerbey Aruj. The first Ottoman conquest of Tunis occurred in 1534 under the command of Khayr al-Din Barbarossa, the younger brother of Aruj, who was the Kapudan Pasha of the Ottoman Fleet during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent. However, it was not until the final Ottoman reconquest of Tunis from Spain in 1574 that the Turks permanently acquired the former territories of Hafsid Tunisia, retaining it until the French occupation of Tunisia in 1881.
The Revolutions of Tunis or the Muradid War of Succession was a period of troubles and civil wars in Ottoman Tunisia. It ran from the death of the Muradid sovereign Murad II Bey in 1675 until the seizure of power by the Husainid sovereign Al-Husayn I ibn Ali at-Turki in 1705. The belligerents were Ali Bey al-Muradi and Muhammad Bey al-Muradi, their uncle Muhammad al-Hafsi al-Muradi, several Deys of Tunis, the Turkish militia in Tunis and the Dey of Algiers.
The Battle of Moulouya took place in May 1692 at a ford on the Moulouya river in Morocco. It was fought between the armies of the Alaouite Sultan Moulay Ismail and those of the Dey of Algiers Hadj Chabane.
Ibrahim Agha, was an Algerian noble, commander of the Algerian forces during the Invasion of Algiers, and the son-in-law of Hussein Dey.
The French-Algerian War of 1681–1688 was part of a wider campaign by France against the Barbary Pirates in the 1680s.
The Bakri-Busnach affair is the name of a commercial–political conflict between France and Algeria in the early 19th century; it centered on France's obligations to a commercial company owned by the Algerian Jewish families of Bakri and Bujanah. The affair is considered one of the causes of the French invasion of Algeria in 1830.
The Odjak of Algiers was a unit of the Algerine army. It was a highly autonomous part of the Janissary Corps, acting completely independently from the rest of the corps, similar to the relationship between Algiers and the Sublime Porte. Led by an Agha, they also took part in the country's internal administration and politics, ruling the country for several years. They acted as a defense unit, a Praetorian Guard, and an instrument of repression until 1817.
Mohamed ben Hassan, also known as Muhammad III was during the reign of Baba ali chaouch khaznaji of the kingdom before becoming Dey of Algiers from 1718, to 1724. He was the successor of Baba Ali I.
The Tunisian–Algerian war of 1694 was a conflict between the Deylik of Algiers, and the Regency of Tunis
Ahmed bin Ali Khodja, also known as Ahmed II was the Dey (Sultan) of Algiers between 1805 and 1808. He came to power after assassinating the previous Dey, Mustapha II and his close friend and associate, Boudjenah with the help of the janissaries of the Odjak of Algiers. The fall of Mustapha, and Ahmed's coming to power resulted in the Odjak's influence severely overinflating and severe instability for the next 10 years. Corruption became rampant in the country, and the Odjak became a sort of ruthless kingmaker council, and forced Ahmed and the next few upcoming Deys to bow to any will they had. Just in the first 30 days of his rule, he looted the property of the Jewish residents of Algiers, and committed several and massacres. His rule was marked with many revolts, from Kabyle tribes, Arab tribes, Darqawiyya Sufis, and even the population of Tlemcen. His unpopularity rapidly increased after sustaining a severe defeat in 1807 by the Tunisians resulting in Tunis losing any sort of Algerian influence, and despite his best efforts to make them happy, the Odjak of Algiers decided to remove him and kill him in 1808 in favor of Ali ben Mohammed, a leader in the Odjak.