National Bureau of Criminal Identification

Last updated
It is possible, according to E.K. Thode, chief of the National Division of Identification and Information, to reconstruct a fingerprint with positive accuracy Fingerprint met hard on crooks. It is possible, according to E.K. Thode, chief of the National Division of Identification and Information, to reconstruct a fingerprint with positive accuracy LCCN2016889577.jpg
It is possible, according to E.K. Thode, chief of the National Division of Identification and Information, to reconstruct a fingerprint with positive accuracy

The National Bureau of Criminal Identification (NBCI), also called the National Bureau of Identification, [1] was an agency founded by the National Chiefs of Police Union in 1896, and opened in 1897, to record identifying information on criminals and share that information with law enforcement. [2] [3] It was located in Chicago until 1902, at which point it was moved to Washington, D.C. William Pinkerton, co-director of the Pinkerton National Detective Agency, donated his agency's collection of photographs to the newfound agency. [4] NBCI initially only collected photographs and Bertillon records, [5] which limited the Bureau's effectiveness. [6] [7] Its effectiveness greatly increased when it began collecting fingerprints. NBCI ceased to exist as an independent organization when it was absorbed into the Federal Bureau of Investigation on July 26, 1908. [8] [9]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Federal Bureau of Investigation</span> U.S. federal law enforcement agency

The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the domestic intelligence and security service of the United States and its principal federal law enforcement agency. An agency of the United States Department of Justice, the FBI is also a member of the U.S. Intelligence Community and reports to both the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence. A leading U.S. counterterrorism, counterintelligence, and criminal investigative organization, the FBI has jurisdiction over violations of more than 200 categories of federal crimes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Forensic science</span> Application of science to criminal and civil laws

Forensic science, also known as criminalistics, is the application of science principles and methods to support legal decision-making in matters of criminal and civil law.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Private investigator</span> Person hired to undertake investigatory law services

A private investigator, a private detective, or inquiry agent is a person who can be hired by individuals or groups to undertake investigatory law services. Private investigators often work for attorneys in civil and criminal cases.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fingerprint</span> Biometric identifier

A fingerprint is an impression left by the friction ridges of a human finger. The recovery of partial fingerprints from a crime scene is an important method of forensic science. Moisture and grease on a finger result in fingerprints on surfaces such as glass or metal. Deliberate impressions of entire fingerprints can be obtained by ink or other substances transferred from the peaks of friction ridges on the skin to a smooth surface such as paper. Fingerprint records normally contain impressions from the pad on the last joint of fingers and thumbs, though fingerprint cards also typically record portions of lower joint areas of the fingers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pinkerton (detective agency)</span> American private security guard and detective agency

Pinkerton is a private security guard and detective agency established around 1850 in the United States by Scottish-born American cooper Allan Pinkerton and Chicago attorney Edward Rucker as the North-Western Police Agency, which later became Pinkerton & Co, and finally the Pinkerton National Detective Agency. It is currently a subsidiary of Swedish-based Securitas AB.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Federal Criminal Police Office (Germany)</span> German federal investigative police agency

The Federal Criminal Police Office of Germany is the federal investigative police agency of Germany, directly subordinated to the Federal Ministry of the Interior. It is headquartered in Wiesbaden, Hesse, and maintains major branch offices in Berlin and Meckenheim near Bonn. It has been headed by Holger Münch since December 2014.

The Criminal Justice Information Services Division is a division of the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) located in Clarksburg, Harrison County, West Virginia. The CJIS was established in February 1992 and is the largest division in the FBI.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Idaho State Police</span>

The Idaho State Police (ISP) is the statewide law enforcement agency for the State of Idaho. It began as the Bureau of Constabulary, created on May 18, 1919, under the new Department of Law Enforcement, to detect and investigate crime, "order abatement of public nuisances and to enforce such orders by appropriate court action, to suppress riots, prevent wrongs to children and animals that are inhibited by law." The state constabulary was also charged with the organization of various state, county and municipal peace officers. The bureau was dissolved by the state legislature in 1923.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oklahoma State Bureau of Investigation</span>

The Oklahoma State Bureau of Investigation (OSBI) is an independent state law enforcement agency of the government of Oklahoma. The OSBI assists the county sheriff offices and city police departments of the state, and is the primary investigative agency of the state government. OSBI works independent of the Oklahoma Department of Public Safety to investigate criminal law violations within the state at the request of statutory authorized requesters. The OSBI was created in 1925 during the term of Governor Martin E. Trapp.

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to forensic science:

A government database collects information for various reasons, including climate monitoring, securities law compliance, geological surveys, patent applications and grants, surveillance, national security, border control, law enforcement, public health, voter registration, vehicle registration, social security, and statistics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Combined DNA Index System</span> United States national DNA database

The Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) is the United States national DNA database created and maintained by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. CODIS consists of three levels of information; Local DNA Index Systems (LDIS) where DNA profiles originate, State DNA Index Systems (SDIS) which allows for laboratories within states to share information, and the National DNA Index System (NDIS) which allows states to compare DNA information with one another.

The Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (IAFIS) is a computerized system maintained by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) since 1999. It is a national automated fingerprint identification and criminal history system. IAFIS provides automated fingerprint search capabilities, latent searching capability, electronic image storage, and electronic exchange of fingerprints and responses. IAFIS houses the fingerprints and criminal histories of 70 million subjects in the criminal master file, 31 million civil prints and fingerprints from 73,000 known and suspected terrorists processed by the U.S. or by international law enforcement agencies.

The Ocean County Sheriff's Office or OCSO is the law enforcement agency for Ocean County, New Jersey, in the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">California Bureau of Investigation</span> Statewide detective agency of California

The California Bureau of Investigation is California's statewide criminal investigative bureau under the California Department of Justice, in the Division of Law Enforcement (DLE), administered by the Office of the State Attorney General that provides expert investigative services to assist local, state, tribal, and federal agencies in major criminal investigations ranging across the state.

The South Carolina Law Enforcement Division (SLED) is a statewide investigative law enforcement agency in South Carolina. SLED provides manpower and technical assistance to other law enforcement agencies and conducts investigations on behalf of the state as directed by the Governor and Attorney General. SLED Headquarters is located in the state capital, Columbia, with offices in the Midlands, Piedmont, Pee Dee, and Low Country regions.

The Garda National Economic Crime Bureau – informally known as the Fraud Squad – is a specialised division of Ireland's national police force, the Garda Síochána, that investigates economic crimes. The Bureau operates as part of the Garda Special Crime Operations branch and works alongside other sections of the force, as well as the external Office of the Director of Corporate Enforcement (ODCE), an agency tasked with investigating white-collar crime. The Economic Crime Bureau is responsible for the investigation of serious financial fraud and corruption. It was established in April 1996 and is based at Harcourt Square, Dublin 2. The GNECB is headed by an officer of Detective Chief Superintendent rank, who reports to the Assistant Commissioner of Special Crime Operations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension</span> US state criminal investigative bureau

The Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension (BCA) is a statewide criminal investigative bureau headquartered in Saint Paul that provides expert forensic science and criminal investigation services. The BCA assists local Minnesota law enforcement agencies with complex investigations using the latest technology and techniques, and BCA personnel help secure arrests for violence-related and drug-trafficking crimes, among others. The BCA investigates all Minneapolis Police Department police killings and critical incidents.

Lt. Wallace Leo Jenkins (1896–1941) was an American law enforcement officer. He was a pioneer in the use of technology and science in South Carolina law enforcement. Jenkins served with the South Carolina Highway Patrol from its creation in 1930 until his death in 1941. He created and led the Identification Bureau, a unit that evolved into a team of skilled investigators who used technology to fight crime. The ID Bureau later merged with the South Carolina Law Enforcement Division (SLED) and became the foundation for SLED’s Criminal Justice Information Services and Forensics Services units.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mary E. Holland</span> American detective

Mary E. Holland was an American detective who became an early advocate for fingerprint identification in criminal investigations. She was one of the expert witnesses in the first case in which a criminal was convicted by fingerprint evidence in the United States. She "single-handedly was responsible for the accelerated acceptance of the Henry system" for classifying fingerprints in the United States. She was once called "the most noted woman criminologist in the world."

References

  1. ↑ David C. Rapoport (2006). Terrorism: The first or anarchist wave. Taylor & Francis. pp. 398–. ISBN   978-0-415-31651-4 . Retrieved 18 March 2013.
  2. ↑ Colin Evans (12 August 2004). Murder Two: The Second Casebook of Forensic Detection . John Wiley & Sons. p.  302. ISBN   978-0-471-66699-8 . Retrieved 18 March 2013.
  3. ↑ James Andrew Conser; Rebecca Paynich; Terry E. Gingerich (20 October 2011). Law Enforcement in the United States. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. p. 450. ISBN   978-0-7637-9938-0 . Retrieved 18 March 2013.
  4. ↑ LeRoy Panek (1990). Probable Cause: Crime Fiction in America . Popular Press. p.  48. ISBN   978-0-87972-486-3 . Retrieved 18 March 2013.
  5. ↑ Simon A. COLE; Simon A Cole (30 June 2009). Suspect Identities: A History of Fingerprinting and Criminal Identification. Harvard University Press. p. 38. ISBN   978-0-674-02968-2 . Retrieved 18 March 2013.
  6. ↑ Mitchel P. Roth; James Stuart Olson (2001). Historical Dictionary of Law Enforcement. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 277. ISBN   978-0-313-30560-3 . Retrieved 18 March 2013.
  7. ↑ Jonathan Mathew Finn (4 November 2009). Capturing the Criminal Image: From Mug Shot to Surveillance Society. U of Minnesota Press. p. 37. ISBN   978-0-8166-5069-9 . Retrieved 18 March 2013.
  8. ↑ Caroline Sutton (31 August 2010). How Do They Do That?. HarperCollins. p. 161. ISBN   978-0-06-201852-6 . Retrieved 18 March 2013.
  9. ↑ Federal Bureau of Investigation (1 August 1975). Handbook of Forensic Science. The Minerva Group, Inc. p. 6. ISBN   978-0-89499-073-1 . Retrieved 18 March 2013.


This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.