National Development Initiatives Institute

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The National Development Initiatives Institute (NDI) (中華綜合發展研究院) is a Taiwan-based education, science and technology research organisation providing services to government, civil service and industry in the Asia Pacific region. Established in 1994, NDI is designated as an institute of higher education for civil servants by the Ministry of Education in Taiwan.

The civil service is independent of government and is also composed mainly of career bureaucrats hired on professional merit rather than appointed or elected, whose institutional tenure typically survives transitions of political leadership. A civil servant or public servant is a person employed in the public sector on behalf of a government department or agency. A civil servant or public servant's first priority is to represent the interests of citizens. The extent of civil servants of a state as part of the "civil service" varies from country to country. In the United Kingdom, for instance, only Crown employees are referred to as civil servants whereas county or city employees are not.

NDI did early research into adoption of testing systems to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages the instruction of English, which the Taiwan Ministry of Education directed institutions under its supervision to adopt in June, 2005. [1] It is the producer of the Global English Test - a test of communicative language proficiency for students, civil servants and the general public, which it unveiled in 2007. [2]

Language proficiency or linguistic proficiency is the ability of an individual to speak or perform in a language. As theories among pedagogues as to what constitutes proficiency go, there is little consistency as to how different organizations classify it. Additionally, fluency and language competence are generally recognized as being related, but separate controversial subjects. In predominant frameworks in the United States, proficient speakers demonstrate both accuracy and fluency, and use a variety of discourse strategies. Thus, native speakers of a language can be fluent without being considered proficient. Native-level fluency is estimated to be between 20,000 and 40,000 words, but basic conversational fluency might require only as little as 3,000 words.

NDI initiated, and is part of, the International Research Fellows College, which is concerned with cooperative education, research studies, exchange students, visiting professors, professional education, academic exchange, and technological development of domestic and international universities. [3]

Cooperative education is a structured method of combining classroom-based education with practical work experience. A cooperative education experience, commonly known as a "co-op", provides academic credit for structured job experience. Cooperative education is taking on new importance in helping young people to make the school-to-work transition. Cooperative learning falls under the umbrella of work-integrated learning but is distinct as it alternates a school term with a work term in a structured manner, involves a partnership between the academic institution and the employer, and generally is both paid and intended to advance the education of the student.

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The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment, abbreviated in English as CEFR or CEF or CEFRL, is a guideline used to describe achievements of learners of foreign languages across Europe and, increasingly, in other countries. It was put together by the Council of Europe as the main part of the project "Language Learning for European Citizenship" between 1989 and 1996. Its main aim is to provide a method of learning, teaching and assessing which applies to all languages in Europe. In November 2001, a European Union Council Resolution recommended using the CEFR to set up systems of validation of language ability. The six reference levels are becoming widely accepted as the European standard for grading an individual's language proficiency.

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References

  1. Huang, Chuen-Teng (April 21, 2006). "To Develop an English Assessment Instrument for English Learners in Taiwan: Adopting Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEF)". National Changhua University of Education, Department of English. Retrieved 2011-11-26.
  2. "New English Test Announced". Taipei Times. February 9, 2007. Retrieved 2011-11-26.
  3. NDI Website