Nauclerus | |
---|---|
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Accipitriformes |
Family: | Accipitridae |
Genus: | † Nauclerus Vigors, 1825 |
Species | |
N. riocourii ( Chelictinia riocourii ) Contents |
Nauclerus was a genus of birds of prey, containing the African and American swallow-tailed kites. Though similar, the two species are not closely related, belonging to separate subfamilies Elaninae and Perninae.
The term is preserved in the modern French common names "élanion naucler" and "naucler à queue fourchue".
The name Nauclerus was published by Nicholas Aylward Vigors in 1825, [1] and used by other authors in the 19th century.
Vigors' original description contained both the swallow-tailed kite (N. furcatus, also called the Carolina kite [note 1] or forked-tail hawk) and the then-recently discovered scissor-tailed kite (Riocour's kite, [note 1] N. Riocourii), separating them from the Elanus of Savigny.
In contrast, Vieillot had earlier published the genus Elanoïdes in 1818, containing E. furcatus and E. (f.) yetapa. [2] Falco riocourii was not known until a few years later: illustrated in 1821 for a work by Temminck, [note 2] and described in 1822 by Vieillot. In 1823, Vieillot grouped all of the known elanine kites in Elanoïdes: E. furcatus (forficatus), E. leucurus, E. yetapa, E. cæsius (cæruleus), and E. riocourii. [3]
Lesson split the scissor-tailed kite into a separate genus as Chelictinia Riocourii in 1843, [4] leaving N. furcatus as a junior synonym of Elanoïdes furcatus Vieillot, 1818. [5] [2]
An alternative approach is to consider N. riocourii the type species of Nauclerus, giving Nauclerus Vieillot 1825 precedence over Chelictinia Lesson 1843. The effect would be to keep riocourii in Nauclerus, and move furcatus to Elanoides. [6]
Both species have deeply forked tails with slender bodies and long, pointed wings. The scales on their lower legs are reticulated, and the nails of their talons are not rounded underneath.
They spend much time on the wing, taking insects, amphibians and small reptiles from tree branches, and insects from the air.
In C. riocourii, the second primary flight feather is the longest. It is the smaller of the two, with light grey plumage and black patches under the bends of its wings. E. forficatus has the third feather longest; it is notably larger; and its coloration is strikingly pied, being charcoal above and white below.
Kite is the common name for certain birds of prey in the family Accipitridae, particularly in subfamilies Milvinae, Elaninae, and Perninae.
The black-winged kite, also known as the black-shouldered kite, is a small diurnal bird of prey in the family Accipitridae best known for its habit of hovering over open grasslands in the manner of the much smaller kestrels. This Palearctic and Afrotropical species was sometimes combined with the Australian black-shouldered kite and the white-tailed kite of North and South America which together form a superspecies. This kite is distinctive, with long wings; white, grey and black plumage; and owl-like forward-facing eyes with red irises. The owl-like behaviour is even more pronounced in the letter-winged kite, a nocturnal relative in Australia. Although mainly seen on plains, they are sometimes seen on grassy slopes of hills in the higher elevation regions of Asia. They are not migratory, but show nomadism in response to weather and food availability. They are well adapted to utilize periodic upsurges in rodent populations and can raise multiple broods in a single year unlike most birds of prey. Populations in southern Europe have grown in response to human activities, particularly agriculture and livestock rearing.
The chachalacas, guans and curassows are birds in the family Cracidae. These are species of tropical and subtropical Central and South America. The range of one species, the plain chachalaca, just reaches southernmost parts of Texas in the United States. Two species, the Trinidad piping guan and the rufous-vented chachalaca occur on the islands of Trinidad and Tobago respectively.
The lesser kestrel is a small falcon. This species breeds from the Mediterranean across Afghanistan and Central Asia, to China and Mongolia. It is a summer migrant, wintering in Africa and Pakistan and sometimes even to India and Iraq. It is rare north of its breeding range, and declining in its European range. The genus name derives from Late Latin falx, falcis, a sickle, referencing the claws of the bird, and the species name commemorates the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Naumann.
The white-tailed kite is a small raptor found in western North America and parts of South America.
An elanine kite is any of several small, lightly-built raptors with long, pointed wings.
The black eagle is a bird of prey. Like all eagles, it is in the family Accipitridae, and is the only member of the genus Ictinaetus. They soar over forests in the hilly regions of tropical and subtropical South and Southeast Asia, as well as southeastern China. They hunt mammals and birds, particularly at their nests. They are easily identified by their widely splayed and long primary "fingers", the characteristic silhouette, slow flight and yellow ceres and legs that contrast with their dark feathers.
The village weaver , also known as the spotted-backed weaver or black-headed weaver, is a species of bird in the family Ploceidae found in much of sub-Saharan Africa. It has also been introduced to Hispaniola, Mauritius and Réunion.
The swallow-tailed kite is a pernine raptor which breeds from the southeastern United States to eastern Peru and northern Argentina. It is the only species in the genus Elanoides. Most North and Central American breeders winter in South America where the species is resident year round.
Rosellas are in a genus that consists of six species and nineteen subspecies. These colourful parrots from Australia are in the genus Platycercus. Platycercus means "broad-tailed" or "flat-tailed", reflecting a feature common to the rosellas and other members of the broad-tailed parrot tribe. Their diet is mainly seeds and fruit.
The pearl kite is a very small raptor found in open savanna habitat adjacent to deciduous woodland. It is the only member of the genus Gampsonyx. The scientific name commemorates the English naturalist William Swainson.
The black-faced monarch is a passerine bird in the family Monarchidae found along the eastern seaboard of Australia.
Alfred Duvaucel was a French naturalist and explorer. He was the stepson of Georges Cuvier.
The scissor-tailed kite, also known as African swallow-tailed kite or fork-tailed kite, is a bird of prey in the monotypic genus Chelictinia in the family Accipitridae. It is widespread in the northern tropics of Africa.
The crested drongo is a passerine bird in the family Dicruridae. It is black with a bluish-green sheen, a distinctive crest on the forehead and a forked tail. There are two subspecies; D. f. forficatus is endemic to Madagascar and D. f. potior, which is larger, is found on the Comoro Islands. Its habitat is lowland forests, both dry and humid, and open savannah country. It is a common bird and the IUCN has listed it as "least concern".
Jean-Gabriel Prêtre was a Swiss-French natural history painter who illustrated birds, mammals and reptiles in a large number of books. Several species of animal were named after him.