Neka Art Museum

Neka Art Museum
Established	July 7, 1982
Location	Jalan Raya Sanggingan Campuhan, Kedewatan, Kecamatan Ubud, Kabupaten Gianyar, Bali 80571
Type	Art Museum
Collections	Fine Arts relating to Balinese arts and culture from Baliense, Indonesian, and Western artists
Director	PM Kardi Suteja
Owner	JMK Suteja Neka (founder), PM Kardi Suteja (successor)
Nearest parking	On site

Last updated September 04, 2023

The Neka Art Museum (also known as NAM) is a museum located in Ubud on Bali, Indonesia,^[1]^[2] It was established in 1982 by Pande Wayan Suteja Neka, better known as JMK Suteja Neka, a Balinese art dealer who had begun collecting Balinese art with the advice and help of painters Rudolf Bonnet and Arie Smit among others.

History

Pande Wayan Suteja Neka, was the son of I Wayan Neka, a famous wood carver who was a member of the Pitamaha. Suteja Neka's father I Wayan Neka (1917 - 1980), was a renowned carver. He is best known for creating a three-metre tall statue of the garuda bird for the Indonesia Pavilion at the New York World Fair in the United States of America in 1964, and another one for Expo 70 held in Osaka, Japan.

Suteja Neka trained as an elementary school teacher but decided to give up teaching in order to help his father present his artwork. With the support of his wife Ni Gusti Made Srimin he opened one of Ubud's first art galleries in 1966.^[3] Soon it became a hub for artists, including Affandi, Dullah, Hendra Gunawan and Srihadi Soedarsono, many later becoming family friends. The majority of that high quality paintings that he stocked were purchased by foreign tourists, who of course took them out of the country. Realizing the need to document and preserve Balinese art for future generations he began collecting works. In 1975, Neka travelled overseas with the Dutch artist Rudolf Bonnet where during visits to various museums he saw fine examples of Balinese art which couldn't be seen in Indonesia. Returning home he resolved to establish a fine arts museum in Bali.^[4]

Established in 1976 the museum was officially opened on 7 July 1982 by Dr Daoed Joesoef, the Indonesian Minister for Education and Culture. At the time of its establishment it was the first privately owned museum in Bali.^[3]

The museum is currently home to 400 paintings and sculptures.^[3]

Design Concept

Arranged over a hectare the museum is designed to reflect the traditional architecture of a Balinese family compound, with visitors encouraged to walk through a series of galleries, starting with classical paintings and progressing to contemporary Indonesian art, followed by art created in and influenced by Bali by foreign artists.^[4]

After the Covid-19 pandemic in early 2020 until the end of 2021, PM Kardi Suteja and PA Laksmi Kardi with their families have renovated old buildings and added new buildings in addition to rearranging existing art collections so that they can be easily appreciated.

The Mecaru Ceremony and the Rehearsal of the NAM were held on Sukra Wage Krulut December 24, 2021.

The opening is like the rebirth of the NAM on April 25, 2022.

Buildings

The main part of the complex is occupied by the Bale Sumanggen (a multipurpose building) which houses the ticket office, a gift shop, a bookstore, administration offices and a temporary exhibition hall. Scattered behind it in a Natah (open garden) is a series of pavilions and halls trace the development of painting in Bali.

The multi-room Balinese Painting Hall gives an overview of the three major schools of Balinese painting from the 17th century to the present day and includes Anak Agung Gde Sobrat’s Ubud-style painting The Bumblebee Dance and the Busy Bali by I Wayan Bendi (1950– ), which reflects on the effects of tourism on the island.

The Arie Smit Pavilion exhibits works in the Young Artists style as well as paintings by their mentor, Arie Smit. The Photography Archive Centre houses a collection of black-and-white photographs from Bali in the 1930s and 1940s.

The small Lempad Pavilion is dedicated to local artist I Gusti Nyoman Lempad.

The Contemporary Indonesian Art Hall focuses on contemporary works by artists from other parts of Indonesia.

The East-West Art Annex is home to contemporary Indonesian art with works by important artists such as Abas Alibasyah, Abdul Aziz (1928-2002), Javanese artist Affandi, Bagong Kussudiardja, Dullah, Sindudarsono Sudjojono, Srihadi Soedarsono (1931– ) and Haji Widayat (1919–2002). It is also home to works by overseas artists who have been inspired by the natural beauty, life, and culture of Bali. Among the artworks on display are portraits by Dutch artists Rudolf Bonnet (such as his Temptation of Arjuna) and Willem Gerard Hofker, works by Australian artist Donald Friend and Swiss artist Theo Meier (1908–1982) and Louise Garrett Koke (1897–1993. A section is devoted to Asian artists, such as Malaysian born Chang Fee-Ming, Singaporean born Teng Nee-Cheong, Filipino artist Jeremiah Elizalde Navarro and Japanese-American artis Paul Nagano.

Upper stairs and adjacent to the East West Annex is the Kris Hall, which is home to a superb collection of kris (also known as keris).

Pavilions and Collections

Balinese Painting Hall

Classical Puppet Style Painting : Originating from the 17th century or earlier, these artworks are usually anonymous but include work by Mangku Mura and I Nyoman Arcana.

Ubud Style Painting : Appearing after the 1920s, these works show the influence of European painters.

Arie Smit Pavilion

NAM has the biggest collections of Arie Smit with the earliest painting from the Maestro dated to 1940s when he was still deployed as a Dutch soldier in Cideng, Jakarta.

Affandi Pavilion

JMK Suteja Neka and Affandi shared a close friendship. NAM owned Affandi's painting related to Balinese arts and culture including, Galungan Holiday painting, Barong paintings, Kusamba Sailing painting, Banyan Tree painting, and Cockfighting paintings. There is also Affandi's famous portrait paintings greeting visitors as they enter the pavilion.

Lempad Pavilion

The Lempad Pavilion houses collections of the Balinese Maestro, I Gusti Nyoman Lempad, in NAM is curated by Walter Spies. The first Lempad's painting collected at NAM was Durma Meets the Mother of Angels , which was a painting gifted by the maestro himself.

Indonesian Contemporary Painting

East-West Annex

Keris Pavilion

Kris : This collection came about when in the mid-2000s, Neka developed an interest in kris spurred by a realization of his swadharma (self-obligation) as a member of the Pande (blacksmith) clan and as a descendant of Pande Pan Nedeng, the royal blacksmith for the court of Ida I Dewa Agung Djelantik, the 19th century king of Peliatan.^[3] He spent most of the following decade traveling across Bali and to Java –considered Indonesia's kris heartland acquainting himself with notable mpu (kris-makers) and scholars as he built up his collection. The museum has approximately 27 heirloom kris that were gifted to the museum by the descendants of royal houses and venerated mpu (blacksmiths). As well it has another 100 historical and antiquate kris and another 200 kris of the post-independence period.^[3] Notable kris in the collection include:

Ki Baju Rante. This straight blade heirloom kris is famed for its ability to pierce through baju rante (chain mail). It was crafted in the 18th century by Mpu Pande Rudaya, the royal blacksmith of the king of Karangasem. Uniquely, this kris possesses both kinds of pamor (decorative pattern) as one side of the blade shows a decorative nickel alloy pattern called iris pandan (“sliced pandanus leaves”), which is a decorative pattern known as pamor rekan as it is designed by the kris maker, while the other side shows ilining warih ("water flow"), which is a decorative pattern known as pamor tiban, which is formed naturally. It was said that this kris played an important role in the military annexation of neighbouring Lombok by Karangasem warriors.^[3]
Ki Pijetan (“Venerable Pinched One”). It is believed that this straight blade Keris was forged in the 13th century by legenary blacksmith Geni Sandang Jiwa (whose name means “Fire Born in the Soul”).^[5] It is claimed that while making it he repeatedly pinched the red-hot blade with his bare fingers in order to create its rare makings which are known as Pulo Tirta (“Islands in Holy Water”) due to their reminiscence to a chain of coral atolls. These markings are said to bring prosperity, social ease and family peace to the owner. The blade's design is known as “starling bird mattress essence”, while unusually the hilt is an extension of the blade, with its handle modelled on a cylindrical betel nut which is in turn wrapped in a cord of human hair.^[5]

In 2009, Mahasemaya Warga Pande, the clan-based organization for the descendants of the island's blacksmiths, honoured Neka with the title Jejeneng Mpu Kris (venerated kris-maker).^[5]

Related Research Articles

The kris, or keris in the Indonesian languages, is an Indonesian asymmetrical dagger, both weapon and spiritual object, with distinctive blade-patterning achieved through alternating laminations of iron and nickelous iron (pamor). Of Javanese origin, the kris is famous for its distinctive wavy blade, although many have straight blades as well, and is one of the weapons commonly used in the pencak silat martial art, native to Indonesia.

Ubud is a town on the Indonesian island of Bali in Ubud District, located amongst rice paddies and steep ravines in the central foothills of the Gianyar regency. Promoted as an arts and culture centre, it has developed a large tourism industry. It forms a northern part of the Greater Denpasar metropolitan area.

Adrianus Wilhelmus "Arie" Smit was a Dutch-born Indonesian painter who lived on Bali.

I Ketut Soki is a successful artist from Bali. As a boy, he was one of the first two children to receive art lessons from the famous artist Arie Smit, and so one of the founders of the "Young Artists" movement.

Balinese art is art of Hindu-Javanese origin that grew from the work of artisans of the Majapahit Kingdom, with their expansion to Bali in the late 14th century. From the sixteenth until the twentieth centuries, the village of Kamasan, Klungkung, was the centre of classical Balinese art. During the first part of the twentieth century, new varieties of Balinese art developed. Since the late twentieth century, Ubud and its neighboring villages established a reputation as the center of Balinese art.

Museum Rudana or Rudana Art Museum is an art museum in Peliatan, Gianyar Regency, Bali, Indonesia. It was built by Nyoman Rudana, following the concept of the Bali humanist philosophy of Tri Hita Karana, where art makes a contribution to public wellbeing.

Nyoman Rudana is a former member of the Regional Representatives Council of Indonesia. He is also the founder and owner of Museum Rudana, Rudana Fine Art Gallery and Genta Fine Art Gallery, and founder of artist support organizations in Ubud, Bali.

Johan Rudolf Bonnet was a Dutch artist who lived much of his life in the town of Ubud on Bali, Indonesia. He was born into a Dutch Huguenot-descended family who had been bakers for many generations. He attended the Rijksakademie van Beeldende Kunsten in Amsterdam.

Ida Bagus Made Poleng (1915–1999) was a traditional Balinese painter. Known also as Ida Bagus Made Poleng or Ida Bagus Made Tebesaya or simply Gus Made.

Anak Agung Gde Sobrat (1912–1992) was a painter in Indonesia.

I Gusti Nyoman Lempad (1862?–1978) was a Balinese stone sculptor, architect and painter who built palaces and temples in Ubud and its neighboring villages. Lempad's exact birth date, as is the case for many Balinese of his time, is unknown. But he was married when Krakatoa erupted in 1883.

Ida Bagus Nyoman Rai (~1915-2000) was a traditional Balinese painter from Sanur, a beach resort near Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. He was also known as I Bagus Nyoman Rai Tengkeng or Ida Bagus Nyoman Rai Klingking

Batuan is a village in Bali, Indonesia. It is noted for its artwork and style of painting which originated in the village in the 1930s and has since emerged into a major Balinese artistic style, known as a Batuan painting. It is a major painting center and contains a number of art galleries and cooperative art societies which have played a key role in promoting the art of Batuan. The village is also known for its performance of the ancient Gambuh dance, performed every Full Moon day.

Gajah Gallery is an art gallery in Singapore that hosts artwork related to the socio-cultural interests of Asia. It was established in 1995 by Jasdeep Sandhu and promotes Southeast Asian Contemporary Art with an emphasis on Indonesian Contemporary. The gallery holds exhibitions, some of which have been collaborations with the Singapore Art Museum (SAM) and the National University of Singapore Museum (NUS). Gajah Gallery is also a member of Art Galleries Association in Singapore.

Bentara Budaya Jakarta is a cultural center located on Jalan Palmerah Selatan 17, Central Jakarta, Indonesia. The institution consists of a museum and an art gallery. Open from Monday to Friday at 8 AM to 5 PM, the gallery is closed on weekends and holidays, with an exception being made when special exhibitions are present. Entry to the gallery is free of charge and open to visitors.

It is quite difficult to define Indonesian art, since the country is immensely diverse. The sprawling archipelago nation consists of 17.000 islands. Around 922 of those permanently inhabited, by over 1,300 ethnic groups, which speak more than 700 living languages.

Pura Taman Saraswati, officially Pura Taman Kemuda Saraswati, also known as the Ubud Water Palace, is a Balinese Hindu temple in Ubud, Bali, Indonesia. The pura is dedicated to the goddess Sarasvati. Pura Taman Saraswati is notable for its lotus pond.

References

↑ Lenzi, Lola, Museums of Southeast Asia, 2004, Editions Didier Millet Pty Ltd, ISBN 978-981-4068-96-3.
↑ Neka Art Museum
1 2 3 4 5 6 Juniarta, Wayan (July 8, 2020). "Neka's legacy of kris beauty". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved June 16, 2021.
1 2 Kam, Garrett (2002). Suteja Neka dan Museum Neka. Suteja Neka and the Neka Art Museum. Bali: Yayasan Dharma Seni Museum Neka. pp. 115, 116. ISBN 978-9-79835-605-6.
1 2 3 Excelby, Narina; Eveleigh, Mark (2019). Secret Bali (Paperback). Versailles, France: Jonglez Publishing. p. 197. ISBN 978-2-36195-325-6.