The Nemencha are a large tribal confederation [1] of Berber and Arab inhabiting North Africa. They are composed of four clans, [2] in a territory in Algeria that bears their name, the Plateau Nemencha. The Nemencha are neighbors of the Berber tribes Fraichiches, Kasserine, [3] and Hammema Gafsa. [4] [5]
According to Nemencha traditions, they are from the Jebel Cherchar, from where they were expelled in the Middle Ages by the Beni Barbar who still occupy the Wadi Bedjer of Zawiya to Ciar. They are as divided into four groups that speak the same dialect of Arabic. Their main village is Taberdga.
After the Nemencha were completely expelled from Cherchar they become nomadic and formed three fractions: the Oulad, the Brarcha and Alaouna.
The Chaoui people or Shawyia are a Berber ethnic group native to the Aurès region in northeastern Algeria.
William McGuckin, known as Baron de Slane was an Irish orientalist. He became a French national on 31 December 1838. and held the post of the Principal Interpreter of Arabic of the French Army from 1 September 1846 until his retirement on 28 March 1872. He is known for publishing and translating a number of important medieval Arabic texts.
Mila is a city in the northeast of Algeria and the capital of Mila Province. In antiquity, it was known as Milevum or Miraeon, Μιραίον and was situated in the Roman province of Numidia.
The Banu Ifran or Ifranids, were a Zenata Berber tribe prominent in the history of pre-Islamic and early Islamic North Africa. In the 8th century, they established a kingdom in the central Maghreb, with Tlemcen as its capital.
Jean Paul Louis François Édouard Leuge-Dulaurier was a French Orientalist, Armenian studies scholar and Egyptologist.
Jules René Bourguignat was a French malacologist, a scientist who studied mollusks. He served as secretary-general of the Société malacologique de France. He traveled widely, visiting, for example, Lake Tanganyika and North Africa. He reportedly defined 112 new genera and around 2540 new species of mollusks.
Negrine is a town and commune in Tébessa Province in north-eastern Algeria. It was the site of ancient Casae Nigrae, a settlement of Roman North Africa with an attached bishopric that remains a Latin Catholic titular see.
Paul Maurice Pallary was a French-Algerian malacologist.
The Hawwara is an Arab-Berber tribal confederation in the Maghreb, primarily in Tripolitania, with descendants in Upper Egypt and Sudan. Hawwara are amongst the most prominent tribes in Upper Egypt, with branches found mainly in Qena. In Sudan, they are labelled as Hawwaweer, and have a significant political presence.
Edmond Doutté was a French sociologist, orientalist and Islamologist - both Arabist and Berberologist - but also an explorer of Maghreb.
Mohamed Deriche, was an Algerian Berber politician after the French conquest of Algeria.
Auguste Hubert Warnier was a French medical doctor, journalist and politician who spent most of his career in Algeria. At first he was a Saint-Simonian and was sympathetic to the local population. He thought the Berbers had Germanic blood and a civilization derived from Roman and Christian origins, so could readily adapt to French civilization. He had no respect for the Arab "intruders". Later he took the view that the indigenous people had destroyed the once-fertile environment of Algeria, became a proponent of French colonization and opposed the "Arab Kingdom" policy of Napoleon III. In his last years he was a Representative in the National Assembly for the Province of Algiers. He was responsible for a law that allowed expropriation of land or forced sale to colonists.
Jean Ernest Mercier was a translator, historian and French politician
Beni Ouragh (Aït Ouragh is a Zenata Berber tribe of Ouarsenis in Algeria, located in the region of Ammi Moussa, once called Khamis. The tribe consists of 23 âarch.
The Campaign of Tlemcen or Tlemcen campaign was a military operation led by the Saadians of Mohammed ash-Sheikh against Tlemcen in 1557, then under the domination of the Regency of Algiers, a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire. Mohammed ash-Sheikh, who wanted to conquer Algeria, occupied the city but failed to seize the Mechouar Palace, which was defended by a garrison of 500 men under the command of Caïd Saffa.
The Kingdom of Ouarsenis ,was an independent Berber kingdom located in the Ouarsenis region in the north of present-day Algeria.
The Massacre of El Ouffia took place on 6 April 1832 during the French conquest of Algeria. It was committed against the tribe of El Ouffia near El Harrach by the Troupes Coloniales under Colonel Maximilien Joseph Schauenburg.
Félix-Ariel Flamen d'Assigny was a French officer who participated to the French conquest of Algeria.
Baron Alban Emmanuel Guillaume-Rey was a French archaeologist, topographer and orientalist. He is known for his historical works on Crusader states and on military fortifications in the Near East. He is considered by some as the first archeologists of the Crusades.
Following the spread of Islam, Algeria experienced three major waves of Arab migration that significantly altered its demographics and culture. The first wave occurred in the 7th century, with Arab political and trading elites settling mainly in large cities following the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb. This was followed by the large-scale migration of Bedouin tribes, including Banu Hilal, Banu Sulaym, and Banu Ma'qil in the 11th century, who settled in rural areas, especially the plains. Around the same time, Arabs from al-Andalus (Moors) also migrated, further contributing to the Arabization of the country. Gabriel Martinez described these Andalusian Arabs as the "watchdogs" of the Arabic language.