This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
|
Developer(s) | Neo4j Inc. |
---|---|
Initial release | 2007[1] |
Stable release | |
Repository | |
Written in | Java |
Type | Graph database |
License |
|
Website | neo4j |
Neo4j is a graph database management system (GDBMS) developed by Neo4j Inc.
The data elements Neo4j stores are nodes, edges connecting them, and attributes of nodes and edges. Described by its developers as an ACID-compliant transactional database with native graph storage and processing, [3] Neo4j is available in a non-open-source "community edition" licensed with a modification of the GNU General Public License, with online backup and high availability extensions licensed under a closed-source commercial license. [4] Neo also licenses Neo4j with these extensions under closed-source commercial terms. [5]
Neo4j is implemented in Java and accessible from software written in other languages using the Cypher query language through a transactional HTTP endpoint, or through the binary "Bolt" protocol. [6] [7] [8] [9] The "4j" in Neo4j is a reference to its being built in Java, however is now largely viewed as an anachronism. [10]
Neo4j is developed by Neo4j, Inc., based in San Mateo, California, United States and Malmö, Sweden.
Version 1.0 was released in February 2010. [11]
Neo4j version 2.0 was released in December 2013. [12]
Neo4j version 3.0 was released in April 2016. [13]
In November 2016, Neo4j successfully secured $36M in Series D Funding led by Greenbridge Partners Ltd. [14]
In November 2018, Neo4j successfully secured $80M in Series E Funding led by One Peak Partners and Morgan Stanley Expansion Capital, with participation from other investors including Creandum, Eight Roads and Greenbridge Partners. [15]
In June 2021, Neo4j announced another round of funding, $325M in Series F. [16]
Release | First release [17] | Latest minor version [18] | Latest release [18] | End of Support Date [17] |
---|---|---|---|---|
1.0 | 2010-02-23 | 1.0 | — | 2011-08-23 |
1.1 | 2010-07-30 | 1.1 | — | 2012-01-30 |
1.2 | 2010-12-29 | 1.2 | — | 2012-06-29 |
1.3 | 2011-04-12 | 1.3 | — | 2012-09-12 |
1.4 | 2011-07-08 | 1.4 | — | 2013-01-08 |
1.5 | 2011-11-09 | 1.5 | — | 2013-03-09 |
1.6 | 2012-01-22 | 1.6 | — | 2013-07-22 |
1.7 | 2012-04-18 | 1.7 | — | 2013-10-18 |
1.8 | 2012-09-28 | 1.8 | — | 2014-03-28 |
1.9 | 2013-05-21 | 1.9.9 | 2014-10-13 | 2014-11-21 |
2.0 | 2013-12-11 | 2.0.4 | 2014-07-08 | 2015-06-11 |
2.1 | 2014-05-29 | 2.1.8 | 2015-04-01 | 2015-11-29 |
2.2 | 2015-03-25 | 2.2.10 | 2016-06-16 | 2016-09-25 |
2.3 | 2015-10-21 | 2.3.12 | 2017-12-12 | 2017-04-21 |
3.0 | 2016-04-16 | 3.0.12 | 2017-10-03 | 2017-10-31 |
3.1 | 2016-12-13 | 3.1.9 | 2018-06-05 | 2018-06-13 |
3.2 | 2017-05-11 | 3.2.14 | 2019-02-26 | 2018-11-31 |
3.3 | 2017-10-24 | 3.3.9 | 2018-11-02 | 2019-04-28 |
3.4 | 2018-05-17 | 3.4.17 | 2019-11-19 | 2020-03-31 |
3.5 | 2018-11-29 | 3.5.35 | 2022-08-11 | 2022-05-27 |
4.0 | 2020-01-15 | 4.0.12 | 2021-07-06 | 2021-07-14 |
4.1 | 2020-06-23 | 4.1.12 | 2022-08-11 | 2021-12-22 |
4.2 | 2020-11-17 | 4.2.19 | 2022-08-11 | 2022-05-16 |
4.3 | 2021-06-17 | 4.3.23 | 2022-12-21 | 2022-12-16 |
4.4 | 2021-12-02 | 4.4.34 | 2024-05-14 | 2025-06-30 |
5.0 | 2022-10-06 | 5.0 | — | 2022-10-24 |
5.1 | 2022-10-24 | 5.1 | — | Release of 5.2 |
5.2 | 2022-11-21 | 5.2 | — | Release of 5.3 |
5.3 | 2022-12-15 | 5.3 | — | Release of 5.4 |
5.4 | 2023-01-26 | 5.4 | — | Release of 5.5 |
5.5 | 2023-02-16 | 5.5 | — | Release of 5.6 |
5.6 | 2023-03-24 | 5.6 | — | Release of 5.7 |
5.7 | 2023-04-20 | 5.7 | — | Release of 5.8 |
5.8 | 2023-05-16 | 5.8 | — | Release of 5.9 |
5.9 | 2023-06-15 | 5.9 | — | Release of 5.10 |
5.10 | 2023-07-19 | 5.10 | — | Release of 5.11 |
5.11 | 2023-08-15 | 5.11 | — | Release of 5.12 |
5.12 | 2023-09-14 | 5.12 | — | Release of 5.13 |
5.13 | 2023-10-23 | 5.13 | — | Release of 5.14 |
5.14 | 2023-11-24 | 5.14 | — | Release of 5.15 |
5.15 | 2023-12-15 | 5.15 | — | Release of 5.16 |
5.16 | 2024-01-22 | 5.16 | — | Release of 5.17 |
5.17 | 2024-02-23 | 5.17 | — | Release of 5.18 |
5.18 | 2024-03-13 | 5.18.1 | 2024-03-18 | Release of 5.19 |
5.19 | 2024-04-12 | 5.19 | — | Release of 5.20 |
5.20 | 2024-05-23 | 5.20 | — | Release of 5.21 |
5.21 | 2024-06-28 | 5.21 | — | Release of 5.22 |
Neo4j comes in five editions. Two are on-premises editions, Community (free) and Enterprise, and three are cloud-only editions: AuraDB Free, AuraDB Professional, and AuraDB Enterprise.
It is dual-licensed: GPL v3 (with parts of the code under AGPLv3 with Commons Clause), and a proprietary license. The Community Edition is free but is limited to running on one node only due to the lack of clustering and is without hot backups. [19]
The Enterprise Edition unlocks these limitations, allowing for clustering, hot backups, and monitoring. The Enterprise Edition is available under a closed-source commercial license.
The data elements are nodes, edges which connect nodes to one another, and attributes of nodes and edges. Nodes and edges can be labelled. Labels can be used to narrow searches. As of version 2.0, indexing was added to Cypher with the introduction of schemas. [20] Previously, indexes were supported separately from Cypher. [21]
Database researcher Andy Pavlo from Carnegie Mellon University has questioned graph databases' decision to abandon the longstanding relational model in favor of a custom model. [22] Researchers from CWI benchmarked a modified version of DuckDB against Neo4j on graph-related workloads and found that, despite being an extension of a relational database running SQL, their implementation outperforms Neo4j in a few specific tasks. [23]
PostgreSQL, also known as Postgres, is a free and open-source relational database management system (RDBMS) emphasizing extensibility and SQL compliance. PostgreSQL features transactions with atomicity, consistency, isolation, durability (ACID) properties, automatically updatable views, materialized views, triggers, foreign keys, and stored procedures. It is supported on all major operating systems, including Linux, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, macOS, and Windows, and handles a range of workloads from single machines to data warehouses or web services with many concurrent users.
Ingres Database is a proprietary SQL relational database management system intended to support large commercial and government applications.
Db2 is a family of data management products, including database servers, developed by IBM. It initially supported the relational model, but was extended to support object–relational features and non-relational structures like JSON and XML. The brand name was originally styled as DB2 until 2017, when it changed to its present form.
SAP ASE (Adaptive Server Enterprise), originally known as Sybase SQL Server, and also commonly known as Sybase DB or Sybase ASE, is a relational model database server developed by Sybase Corporation, which later became part of SAP SE. ASE was developed for the Unix operating system, and is also available for Microsoft Windows.
A query language, also known as data query language or database query language (DQL), is a computer language used to make queries in databases and information systems. In database systems, query languages rely on strict theory to retrieve information. A well known example is the Structured Query Language (SQL).
The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of relational database management systems. Please see the individual products' articles for further information. Unless otherwise specified in footnotes, comparisons are based on the stable versions without any add-ons, extensions or external programs.
A spatial database is a general-purpose database that has been enhanced to include spatial data that represents objects defined in a geometric space, along with tools for querying and analyzing such data.
Microsoft SQL Server is a proprietary relational database management system developed by Microsoft. As a database server, it is a software product with the primary function of storing and retrieving data as requested by other software applications—which may run either on the same computer or on another computer across a network. Microsoft markets at least a dozen different editions of Microsoft SQL Server, aimed at different audiences and for workloads ranging from small single-machine applications to large Internet-facing applications with many concurrent users.
An embedded database system is a database management system (DBMS) which is tightly integrated with an application software; it is embedded in the application. It is a broad technology category that includes:
A graph database (GDB) is a database that uses graph structures for semantic queries with nodes, edges, and properties to represent and store data. A key concept of the system is the graph. The graph relates the data items in the store to a collection of nodes and edges, the edges representing the relationships between the nodes. The relationships allow data in the store to be linked together directly and, in many cases, retrieved with one operation. Graph databases hold the relationships between data as a priority. Querying relationships is fast because they are perpetually stored in the database. Relationships can be intuitively visualized using graph databases, making them useful for heavily inter-connected data.
Sones GraphDB was a graph database developed by the German company sones GmbH, available from 2010 to 2012. Its last version was released in May 2011. sones GmbH, which was based in Erfurt and Leipzig, was declared bankrupt on January 1, 2012.
Actian Zen is an ACID-compliant, zero-DBA, embedded, nano-footprint, multi-model, Multi-Platform database management system (DBMS) developed originally by Pervasive Software, which was acquired by Actian Corporation in 2013.
The following is provided as an overview of and topical guide to databases:
SingleStore is a proprietary, cloud-native database designed for data-intensive applications. A distributed, relational, SQL database management system (RDBMS) that features ANSI SQL support, it is known for speed in data ingest, transaction processing, and query processing.
Oracle NoSQL Database is a NoSQL-type distributed key-value database from Oracle Corporation. It provides transactional semantics for data manipulation, horizontal scalability, and simple administration and monitoring.
FoundationDB is a free and open-source multi-model distributed NoSQL database developed by Apple Inc. with a shared-nothing architecture. The product was designed around a "core" database, with additional features supplied in "layers." The core database exposes an ordered key–value store with transactions. The transactions are able to read or write multiple keys stored on any machine in the cluster while fully supporting ACID properties. Transactions are used to implement a variety of data models via layers.
Cypher is a declarative graph query language that allows for expressive and efficient data querying in a property graph.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to MySQL:
Realm is an open source object database management system, initially for mobile operating systems (Android/iOS) but also available for platforms such as Xamarin, React Native, and others, including desktop applications (Windows). It is licensed under the Apache License.
GQL is a standard graph query language published by ISO in April 2024.
{{cite web}}
: Missing or empty |title=
(help)