Network General

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Network General Corporation
FormerlyNetwork Associates (1997–2004)
Company typePublic
IndustryComputer networking
FoundedMay 13, 1986;38 years ago (1986-05-13) in Menlo Park, California, United States
Founders
Defunct2007;17 years ago (2007)
FateAcquired by McAfee Associates in 1997; assets spun-off in 2004; said assets acquired by NetScout Systems in 2007
Number of employees
≈ 1,000 (1995, peak)

Network General Corporation was an American technology company active between 1986 and 2007 and based in Silicon Valley. Founded in 1986 by Harry Saal and Len Shustek to develop and market network packet and protocol analyzers, the company's flagship product, the Sniffer was the market leader in its field for many years. In 1997, Network General was acquired by McAfee Associates (MCAF) for $1.3 billion, and the two companies merged to form Network Associates. In 2004, Network Associates sold off most of the patents originally belonging to Network General to a group of investors including Saal, who founded a new Network General Corporation. In 2007, NetScout Systems acquired the new Network General for $205 million.

Contents

History

Network General Corporation was founded in May 1986 by Harry Saal and Len Shustek to develop and market network protocol analyzers. [1] Saal, the company's primary founder, president, and CEO, [2] had previously worked at IBM as a software engineer before founding Nestar Systems, his first startup dedicated to computer networking, in October 1978 with three others, including Shustek, Jim Hinds and Nick Fortis. [3] [4] [5] Although successful at first, Nestar eventually floundered and was sold off in 1986. Deciding they wanted another go at a computer networking company, Saal and Shustek founded Network General in Menlo Park, California, in 1986. [3] [4]

In the year of the company's founding, Network General introduced the Sniffer. [6] The inspiration behind the Sniffer was an internal test tool that had been developed within Nestar. [7] Between the company's inception and the end of 1988, the Sniffer became Network General's flagship product, and the company sold $8.9 million worth of Sniffers and associated services, earning them $1.8 million in net profit. [8] : 18  Financing was initially provided only by the founders until an investment of several million by TA Associates in late 1987. [9] The company grew from having only two employees in 1986 to 15 employees in 1988. [10] In February 1989, the company raised $17.5 million with a public stock offering of 1.90 million shares on the Nasdaq as NETG, underwritten by Alex. Brown & Sons. [8] : 17  [11] In August 1989, they sold an additional 1.27 million shares in a secondary offering, [12] and in April 1992, an additional 2.22 million shares in a third offering. [13]

By December 1989, Network General employed 68 people. [10] In the same month the company bought Legend Software, a one-person company in New Jersey that had been founded by Dan Hansen. Their product was a network monitor called LAN Patrol, which was enhanced, rebranded, and sold by Network General as WatchDog, [14] introduced in April 1990. The WatchDog sold only half as well as investors had anticipated within a quarter-year of its introduction, and Network General was forced to buy back $175,000 worth of back-stock to avoid a glut in the company's distribution networks. [15] In August 1991, the company acquired Progressive Computing, a manufacturer and supplier of equipment for wide area networks. [11] The company then grew to have 225 total employees in its workforce across 19 worldwide offices. Progressive Computing was kept around as an independent subsidiary of Network General; they released a handheld WAN protocol analyzer, the LM1 PocketScope, in early 1992. [16]

By 1995 Network General had sold $631 million worth of Sniffer-related products. It had almost 1,000 employees and was selling about 1,000 Sniffers a month. [17] Hewlett-Packard, which had introduced packet analyzers several years after the Sniffer was introduced, was Network General's largest rival, according to Saal. [18]

In December 1997 Network General merged with McAfee Associates (MCAF) to form Network Associates, in a stock swap deal valued at $1.3 billion. [19] Weeks later, Network Associates bought Pretty Good Privacy, Inc. (PGP), the encryption company founded in 1991 by Phil Zimmerman, for $35M in cash. [20] Saal and Shustek left the company shortly thereafter. [21]

In 2002, much of the PGP product line was sold to the newly formed PGP Corporation for an undisclosed amount. [22] It was subsequently acquired by Symantec in 2010.

In mid-2004, Network Associates sold off the Sniffer technology business to investors led by Silver Lake Partners and Texas Pacific Group for $275 million in cash, creating a new Network General Corporation. [23] That same year, Network Associates readopted its founder's name and became McAfee Inc. In September 2007, the new Network General was acquired by NetScout Systems for $205 million. [24] NetScout marketed Sniffer products as late as 2009, with the Sniffer Global network analysis suite of software; [25] In 2018 they divested their handheld network test tool business, including the Sniffer, to StoneCalibre. [26]

Related Research Articles

Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) is an encryption program that provides cryptographic privacy and authentication for data communication. PGP is used for signing, encrypting, and decrypting texts, e-mails, files, directories, and whole disk partitions and to increase the security of e-mail communications. Phil Zimmermann developed PGP in 1991.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phil Zimmermann</span> Creator of Pretty Good Privacy (PGP)

Philip R. Zimmermann is an American computer scientist and cryptographer. He is the creator of Pretty Good Privacy (PGP), the most widely used email encryption software in the world. He is also known for his work in VoIP encryption protocols, notably ZRTP and Zfone. Zimmermann is co-founder and Chief Scientist of the global encrypted communications firm Silent Circle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">3Com</span> Former American maker of computer network products

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Packet analyzer</span> Computer network equipment or software that analyzes network traffic

A packet analyzer, also known as packet sniffer, protocol analyzer, or network analyzer, is a computer program or computer hardware such as a packet capture appliance that can analyze and log traffic that passes over a computer network or part of a network. Packet capture is the process of intercepting and logging traffic. As data streams flow across the network, the analyzer captures each packet and, if needed, decodes the packet's raw data, showing the values of various fields in the packet, and analyzes its content according to the appropriate RFC or other specifications.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Novell</span> 1980–2014 American multinational software and services company

Novell, Inc. was an American software and services company headquartered in Provo, Utah, that existed from 1980 until 2014. Its most significant product was the multi-platform network operating system known as Novell NetWare.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">McAfee</span> American global computer security software company

McAfee Corp., formerly known as McAfee Associates, Inc. from 1987 to 1997 and 2004 to 2014, Network Associates Inc. from 1997 to 2004, and Intel Security Group from 2014 to 2017, is an American global computer security software company headquartered in San Jose, California.

Trusted Information Systems (TIS) was a computer security research and development company during the 1980s and 1990s, performing computer and communications (information) security research for organizations such as NSA, DARPA, ARL, AFRL, SPAWAR, and others.

NetScout Systems, Inc. is a provider of application performance management and network performance management products located in Westford, Massachusetts.

AirMagnet was a Wi-Fi wireless network assurance company based in Sunnyvale, California. The firm was founded in 2001 by Dean T. Au, Chia-Chee Kuan and Miles Wu and shipped its first WLAN analyzer product in 2002. In August 2006, the company shipped the Vo-Fi Analyzer, the first voice-over-Wi-Fi analyzer that could be used on encrypted VoWLAN networks. It was backed by venture capital firms such as Intel Capital, Acer Technology Ventures and VenGlobal.

Omnipeek is a packet analyzer software tool from Savvius, a LiveAction company, for network troubleshooting and protocol analysis. It supports an application programming interface (API) for plugins.

FSA Corporation developed UNIX and Windows system level software for security and distributed system administration in the 1990s. The company provided the underlying technology basis for software offerings by IBM, Symantec, and McAfee. FSA's best known products were its Load Balancer distributed workload management solution, its PowerBroker secure system administration solution for controlling and auditing the power of root on UNIX networks, and its CipherLink network encryption solution. The company was acquired by McAfee in 1996. The company was a testing ground for Theo de Raadt's ideas concerning open-source software, which led to the OpenBSD operating system. De Raadt was FSA's first non-founding employee.

Secure Computing Corporation (SCC) was a public company that developed and sold computer security appliances and hosted services to protect users and data. McAfee acquired the company in 2008.

Fast Track Inc. was a software development company in the United States. It was founded by Robert H. Nichols in 1987 in Germantown, Maryland. The company was primarily known for its distributed network management products, primarily Exposé, which is cross-compatible with servers running VINES, NetWare, and Windows NT. It collects information from the services through the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). Version 3 in 1994 introduced SuperMIB, a graphical framework for representing nodes in the network.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Frontline Test Equipment</span> Communication trouble-shooting software company based in Charlottesville, Virginia, USA

Frontline Test Equipment, Inc is a communication trouble-shooting software company based in Charlottesville, Virginia, USA. Founded in 1985, Frontline became an employee-owned company in 2009. On April 7, 2016, Teledyne LeCroy announced it had acquired Frontline Test Equipment.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Len Shustek</span> American computer scientist

Leonard J. "Len" Shustek is a founder of networking companies Nestar Systems and Network General and a former chairman of the board of trustees of the Computer History Museum located in Mountain View, California.

Systime Computers Ltd was a British computer manufacturer and systems integrator of the 1970s and 1980s. During the late 1970s and early 1980s, Systime became the second-largest British manufacturer of computers, specializing in the minicomputer market.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sniffer (protocol analyzer)</span> Network packet and protocol analyzer

The Sniffer was a computer network packet and protocol analyzer developed and first sold in 1986 by Network General Corporation of Mountain View, CA. By 1994 the Sniffer had become the market leader in high-end protocol analyzers. According to SEC 10-K filings and corporate annual reports, between 1986 and March 1997 about $933M worth of Sniffers and related products and services had been sold as tools for network managers and developers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nestar Systems</span> Pre-internet networking vendor

Nestar Systems, Inc., was an early independent manufacturer of pre-internet local area networks for personal computers from 1978 to 1986 and was considered "a pioneer in the industry". It produced three major generations of products:

Harry J. Saal is an American technology entrepreneur, executive, and philanthropist.

Avant-Garde Computing, Inc. was a publicly traded American software and computer hardware company active from 1978 to 1990 and based in Mount Laurel, New Jersey. It was most well known for its Net/Command, Net/Adviser, Net/Alert, and Net/Guard suite of network management, monitoring, and security products. The company was acquired by Boole & Babbage in 1990 after a five-year string of losses.

References

  1. ↑ Segal, Rick (1992). Insider's Guide to Personal Computing and Networking. Sams Publishing. p. 389. ISBN   9780672301803 – via Google Books.
  2. ↑ "Who's who in networking". The Business Journal. 9 (45): S26 et seq. February 24, 1992 – via Gale.
  3. 1 2 Freiberger, Paul (April 16, 1990). "IPO success stories offer insight to high-tech trends". The San Francisco Examiner: C-9 – via Newspapers.com.
  4. 1 2 Hendren, John (July 15, 1990). "Ad-'ventures' of entrepreneurship". Centre Daily Times: 7D – via Newspapers.com.
  5. ↑ Hendrie, Gardner (July 16, 2002). "Shustek, Len (Leonard J.) oral history". Computer History Museum. Archived from the original on August 25, 2023.
  6. ↑ Petrosky, Mary (June 22, 1987). "Network General smells success with Sniffer". Network World. 4 (25). International Data Group: 15–16.
  7. ↑ Prins, G. A. (November–December 1979). "Distributing computing at the personal level". Electronics and Power. 25 (11): 765. doi:10.1049/ep.1979.0422. ISSN   0013-5127.
  8. 1 2 James, Ellen L. (May 1, 1989). "Alex. Brown's Bold Stroke". The Baltimore Sun: 16, 17, 18, 19 – via Newspapers.com.
  9. ↑ Bermar, Amy (February 27, 1989). "Network General finds favor in Fortune 100". PC Week. 6 (8). Ziff-Davis: S24 – via Gale.
  10. 1 2 Krey, Michael (March 5, 1990). "Its stock is hot, but Network General can't overlook Novell". The Business Journal. 7 (46): 5 – via Gale.
  11. 1 2 "Network General Corp". San Francisco Business Times. 6 (10): 27. November 8, 1991 – via Gale.
  12. ↑ "Debt". The New York Times: D15. August 3, 1989 – via ProQuest.
  13. ↑ "Securities Offering Calendar". The Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones & Company: C1. April 6, 1992 – via ProQuest.
  14. ↑ Taft, Peter (August 27, 1990). "The Watchdog Sniffs Out LAN Traffic Statistics". InfoWorld. 12 (35). IDG Publications: 54 – via Google Books.
  15. ↑ Greenstein, Irwin (February 3, 1991). "Network General's Saal believes success comes from addressing basic network needs". Networking Management. 9 (3). PennWell Publishing: 16 – via Gale.
  16. ↑ Busse, Tortsen (January 27, 1992). "Mini protocol analyzer tests WAN on the run". InfoWorld. 14 (4). IDG Publications: 41 – via Google Books.
  17. ↑ "Network General Corporation 1995 Annual Report". Network General Corporation. 1995 – via the Internet Archive.
  18. ↑ Krey, Michael (May 10, 1993). "Harry Saal: philanthropy is a way of life to boss of software firm". The Business Journal. 11 (4): 12 – via Gale.
  19. ↑ "McAfee, Network General to merge". CNET. Retrieved July 30, 2023.
  20. ↑ Kerstetter, Jim. "Network Associates acquires PGP". ZDNet. Retrieved July 30, 2023.
  21. ↑ Liedke, Michael (January 28, 2005). "A lesson in tech mergers gone wrong". Santa Cruz Sentinel: D-6 – via Newspapers.com.
  22. ↑ Savage, Marcia (August 19, 2002). "Network Associates Sells PGP Products To New Company". CRN. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  23. ↑ Roberts, Paul F. (July 16, 2004). "Sniffer relaunched as Network General Corp". Network World. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  24. ↑ Dubie, Denise (September 20, 2007). "NetScout buying Network General for $205 million". Network World. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  25. ↑ "NetScout Releases Sniffer Network Analyzer". Channel Futures. Informa Tech. January 29, 2009. Archived from the original on January 23, 2022.
  26. ↑ "Support for Divested HNT Portfolio". NetScout Systems. n.d. Archived from the original on September 30, 2020. Retrieved August 25, 2023.
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