Ngwanase Tembe

Ngwanase Tembe
Inkosi (Chief) of the Tembe
Reign	1894–1928
Predecessor	King Noziyingile Tembe
Successor	Tembe Tribal Authority
Died	1928 (1929) Maputaland, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa
House	Tembe Tribal Authority
Father	King Noziyingile Tembe
Mother	Queen Zambili Dlamini (Swazi princess)

Prince Ngwanase Tembe (d. 1928) was a Chief of Tembe and ruler within the historic Tembe Kingdom on the north-eastern coast of present-day KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa and southern Mozambique. He governed the Tembe people from 1894 until his death in 1928. ^{[1] [2]}

Ngwanase was the son of King Noziyingile Tembe and Queen Zambili Dlamini of the Kingdom of Eswatini. He is widely regarded as the founder of the dominant Ngwanase–Tembe branch of the Tembe royal line, a lineage that emerged following a succession dispute with his nephew, Prince Makhuza Tembe, who established the parallel Makhuza branch of the chieftaincy. ^[2]

Ngwanase's family belonged to the broader Tembe-Thonga people, a group with a long-established chiefly lineage in the region that today spans northern KwaZulu Natal and southern Mozambique, an area historically known as Maputaland. ^[2]

Early life and family background

His family belonged to the broader Tembe-Thonga people. ^[2]

His father was King Noziyingile and his mother was Queen Zambili Dlamini, a daughter of Swazi King Sobhuza I. ^[3]

The Tembe royal line traces its ancestry to 18th-century rulers such as King Mabudu, whose kingdom extended from Delagoa (Maputo) Bay southwards to the area of Lake St. Lucia. Mabudu’s line, known as the 'Mabudu-Tembe' or Mabudu Tembe Kingdom, established the political foundation later inherited by Noziyingile and his descendants. King Noziyingile fathered several children, including Princess Madingi Tembe and Ngwanase and a grandson, Makhuza Tembe, who later led the inland Makhuza branch and became a rival claimant during succession disputes with the dominant Ngwanase branch. ^[3]

Regency and succession

Following the death of King Noziyingile, Ngwanase was not yet of age to assume leadership. His mother, Queen Zambili Dlamini, ruled as regent, maintaining the Tembe Kingdom’s authority during a time of transition in the late 1800s. ^[4]

Ngwanase was formally installed as chief in 1894. During the regency, a succession dispute arose between two senior Tembe lineages, the Ngwanase branch (descendants of Queen Zambili) and the Makhuza branch (descendants of Prince Madingi), which claimed authority in the inland territories. Earlier when King Noziyingile died, another son, Prince Muhena, declared himself ruler of the Tembe Kingdom with military support from King Cetshwayo of the Zulu Kingdom. ^[3] Queen Zambili, using internal resistance and her strong Swazi royal lineage, overthrew Muhena and ruled as regent until Prince Ngwanase came of age in 1894 but only to rule a portion of the former Tembe land. ^[3] These division, compounded by colonial interference from both the Portuguese in southern Mozambique and the British in northern KwaZulu Natal, fractured further what was once Southern Africa's most powerful state, the Tembe Kingdom. ^[3]

References

1. Hamilton, Carolyn (1990). Carolyn Hamilton (ed.). In Pursuit of Swaziland's Precolonial Past. Kulandza Umlandvo: Swaziland Oral History Project (First ed.). Manzini, Swaziland: Macmillan Boleswa Publishers (Pty) Ltd. ISBN   0 333 4 7907 6.
2. Dingani, M. (2006). The Colonial State and the Rise to Dominance of Ngwanase, 1896–1928, University of KwaZulu-Natal.
3. Kloppers, Roelie J. (2003). The History and Representation of the History of the Mabudu‑Tembe (MA thesis). University of Stellenbosch.
4. Mthethwa, Dingani. 2002. The Mobilization of History and the Tembe Chieftaincy in Maputaland: 1896–1997 MA thesis, University of Natal.