Richard Green Lugar was an American politician who served as a United States Senator from Indiana from 1977 to 2013. He was a member of the Republican Party.
Richard Charles Albert Holbrooke was an American diplomat and author. He was the only person to have held the position of Assistant Secretary of State for two different regions of the world.
Warren Minor Christopher was an American lawyer and diplomat who served as the 63rd United States secretary of state from 1993 to 1997.
Nelson Strobridge Talbott III is an American foreign policy analyst focused on Russia. He was associated with Time magazine,and a diplomat who served as the deputy secretary of state from 1994 to 2001. He was president of Brookings Institution from 2002 to 2017.
William Joseph Burns is an American diplomat and the director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) during the Biden administration since March 19,2021. He previously served as U.S. deputy secretary of state from 2011 to 2014;in 2009 he served as acting secretary of state for a day,prior to the confirmation of Hillary Clinton. Burns retired from the U.S. Foreign Service in 2014 after a 32-year career. From 2014 to 2021,he served as president of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
Martin Sean Indyk was an Australian-American diplomat and foreign relations analyst with expertise in the Middle East.
Digital diplomacy,also referred to as Digiplomacy and eDiplomacy,has been defined as the use of the Internet and new information communication technologies to help achieve diplomatic objectives. However,other definitions have also been proposed. The definition focuses on the interplay between internet and diplomacy,ranging from Internet driven-changes in the environment in which diplomacy is conducted to the emergence of new topics on diplomatic agendas such as cybersecurity,privacy and more,along with the use of internet tools to practice diplomacy.
Stephen Warren Bosworth was an American academic and diplomat. He served as Dean of The Fletcher School at Tufts University and served as United States Special Representative for North Korea Policy from March 2009 to October 2011. He served three times as a U.S. Ambassador,to Tunisia (1979–1981),to the Philippines (1984–1987),and to South Korea (1997–2001). In 1987,he received the American Academy of Diplomacy's Diplomat of the Year Award.
Avis Thayer Bohlen is a diplomat and former Assistant Secretary for Arms Control (1999–2002) and United States Ambassador to Bulgaria (1996–1999).
Tourism in Iran provides a range of activities from hiking and skiing in the Alborz and Zagros mountains,to beach holidays by the Persian Gulf and the Caspian Sea. The Iranian government has made efforts to attract tourists to various destinations in the country.
Karl William Hofmann is the president and CEO of the global humanitarian and health organization,Population Services International (PSI). Prior to joining PSI,he served as an American diplomat for 23 years. His missions included a two-year appointment to the Republic of Togo,where he served as the United States Ambassador. He also served as a member of President Clinton's National Security Council.
In international relations,the term smart power refers to the combination of hard power and soft power strategies. It is defined by the Center for Strategic and International Studies as "an approach that underscores the necessity of a strong military,but also invests heavily in alliances,partnerships,and institutions of all levels to expand one's influence and establish legitimacy of one's action."
The term Obama Doctrine is frequently used to describe the principles of US foreign policy under the Obama administration (2009–2017). He relied chiefly on his two highly experienced Secretaries of State—Hillary Clinton (2009–2013) and John Kerry (2013–2017)—and Vice President Joe Biden. Main themes include a reliance on negotiation and collaboration rather than confrontation or unilateralism.
Hillary Clinton served as the 67th United States Secretary of State,under President Barack Obama,from 2009 to 2013,overseeing the department that conducted the foreign policy of Barack Obama. She was preceded in office by Condoleezza Rice,and succeeded by John Kerry. She is also the only former First Lady of the United States to become a member of the United States Cabinet. As secretary of state she traveled widely and initiated many diplomatic efforts on behalf of the Obama administration.
The Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review (QDDR) is a study by the United States Department of State,conducted beginning in 2009 and intended to be done every four years,that analyzes the short-,medium-,and long-term blueprint for the United States' diplomatic and development efforts abroad. It seeks to plan on a longer-term basis than the usual year-to-year,appropriations-based practice,and to integrate diplomacy and development missions. It similarly seeks to correlate the department’s missions with its capacities and identify shortfalls in resourcing. Finally,it is a precursor to core institutional reforms and corrective changes. The first review was completed by the end of 2010. A second review began during 2014 and was released in April 2015. No further reviews have taken place.
The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training (ADST) is a United States 501(c)(3) non-profit organization established in 1986 by retired Foreign Service officers,headquartered at the George P. Shultz National Foreign Affairs Training Center in Arlington,Virginia. It produces and shares oral histories by American diplomats and facilitates the publication of books about diplomacy by diplomats and others. Its Foreign Affairs Oral History program has recorded over 2,600 oral histories and continues to grow;its book series includes over 100 books. ADST is located on the campus of the Foreign Service Institute in Arlington,Virginia. ADST is the sole American private organization principally committed to the collection of documents about recent U.S. diplomatic history.
Georgi Nikolov Dermendziev is a Bulgarian professional football manager and former player who played as a defender.
Krassen Kirilov Kralev,born 2 January 1967 in Varna,is a Bulgarian businessman and politician,who was the Minister of Youth and Sports of Bulgaria as part of the Second Borisov Government and Third Borisov Government.
America's Other Army:The U.S. Foreign Service and 21st-Century Diplomacy is a book by Nicholas Kralev. Its first edition was published in 2012,and its second edition in 2015.
Eric Seth Rubin is an American diplomat who served as United States Ambassador to Bulgaria from 2016 to 2019.
