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The Romance languages, also known as the Latin or Neo-Latin languages, are the languages that are directly descended from Vulgar Latin. They are the only extant subgroup of the Italic branch of the Indo-European language family.
Vulgar Latin, also known as Popular or Colloquial Latin, is the range of non-formal registers of Latin spoken from the Late Roman Republic onward. Vulgar Latin as a term is both controversial and imprecise. Spoken Latin existed for a long time and in many places. Scholars have differed in opinion as to the extent of the differences, and whether Vulgar Latin was in some sense a different language. This was developed as a theory in the nineteenth century by Raynouard. At its extreme, the theory suggested that the written register formed an elite language distinct from common speech, but this is now rejected.
The Gallo-Romance branch of the Romance languages includes in the narrowest sense the langues d'oïl and Franco-Provençal. However, other definitions are far broader and variously encompass the Occitan or Occitano-Romance, Gallo-Italic or Rhaeto-Romance languages.
Sir Nigel John Thrift is a British academic and geographer. In 2018 he was appointed as Chair of the Committee on Radioactive Waste Management, a committee that gives independent scientific and technical advice on radioactive waste to the UK government and the devolved administrations. He is a visiting professor at the University of Oxford and Tsinghua University and an emeritus professor at the University of Bristol. In 2016 and 2017 he was the executive director of the Schwarzman Scholars, an international leadership program at Tsinghua University in Beijing. He was the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Warwick from 2006 to 2016. He is a leading academic in the fields of human geography and the social sciences.
In geolinguistics, areal features are elements shared by languages or dialects in a geographic area, particularly when such features are not descended from a proto-language, i.e. a common ancestor language. That is, an areal feature is contrasted with lingual-genealogically determined similarity within the same language family. Features may diffuse from one dominant language to neighbouring languages.
Robert Malcolm Ward "Bob" Dixon is a Professor of Linguistics in the College of Arts, Society, and Education and The Cairns Institute, James Cook University, Queensland. He is also Deputy Director of The Language and Culture Research Centre at JCU. Doctor of Letters, he was awarded an Honorary Doctor of Letters Honoris Causa by JCU in 2018. Fellow of British Academy; Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities, and Honorary member of the Linguistic Society of America, he is one of three living linguists to be specifically mentioned in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics by Peter Matthews (2014).
The Eastern Romance languages are a group of Romance languages. The group, also called the Balkan Romance or Daco-Romance languages, comprises the Romanian language (Daco-Romanian), the Aromanian language and two other related minor languages, Megleno-Romanian and Istro-Romanian.
Central Italian refers to the indigenous varieties of Italo-Romance spoken in much of Central Italy.
The internal classification of the Romance languages is a complex and sometimes controversial topic which may not have one single answer. Several classifications have been proposed, based on different criteria.
Bernd Heine is a German linguist and specialist in African studies.
The Journal of Linguistics is a triannual peer-reviewed academic journal covering all branches of theoretical linguistics and the official publication of the Linguistics Association of Great Britain. It is published by Cambridge University Press and is edited by Kersti Börjars, Helen de Hoop, Adam Ledgeway and Marc van Oostendorp.
Sir Martin Best Harris, is a British academic and former University Vice-Chancellor.
Western Romance languages are one of the two subdivisions of a proposed subdivision of the Romance languages based on the La Spezia–Rimini Line. They include the Gallo-Romance, Occitano-Romance and Iberian Romance branches. Gallo-Italic may also be included. The subdivision is based mainly on the use of the "s" for pluralization, the weakening of some consonants and the pronunciation of "Soft C" as /t͡s/ rather than /t͡ʃ/ as in Italian and Romanian.
Elizabeth Closs Traugott is an American linguist and Professor Emerita of Linguistics and English, Stanford University. She is best known for her work on grammaticalization, subjectification, and constructionalization.
Martin Maiden is Statutory Professor of the Romance Languages at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of Trinity College, Oxford.
Richard Milne Hogg, FBA, FRSE was a Scottish linguist who was well known for his research on Old English, phonology, and English dialects. He received his Ph.D. from Edinburgh University in 1975 presenting the thesis Determiner and quantifier systems in contemporary English under the supervision of Angus McIntosh and John Anderson. He was initially a lecturer in English at the University of Amsterdam from 1969 to 1973, then taught at the University of Lancaster; from 1980 until his death in 2007 he was Smith Professor of English Language and Medieval Literature at the University of Manchester. He served as dean of the arts faculty at Manchester from 1990 to 1993.
Adam Noel Ledgeway, FBA is an academic linguist, specialising in Italian and other Romance languages. Since 2015, he has been Chair of the Faculty of Modern and Medieval Languages at the University of Cambridge; he has also been Professor of Italian and Romance Linguistics at the University since 2013 and a Fellow of Downing College, Cambridge, since 1996. After completing his undergraduate degree at the University of Salford, Ledgeway studied for his master's degree at the University of Manchester, which also awarded him his doctorate in 1996. He took up a temporary assistant lectureship at Cambridge in 1997, which was made permanent the following year, before being promoted to lecturer in 2001 and senior lecturer three years later.
The re-latinization of Romanian was the reinforcement of the Romance features of the Romanian language that happened in the 18th and 19th centuries. Romanian adopted a Latin-based alphabet to replace the Cyrillic script and borrowed many words from French as well as from Latin and Italian, in order to acquire the lexical tools necessary for modernization. This deliberate process coined words for recently introduced objects or concepts (neologisms), added Latinate synonyms for some Slavic and other loanwords, and strengthened some Romance syntactic features. Some linguistic researchers emphasize that the use of this term is inappropriate as it conflates the larger process of modernization of the language with the more extreme, and in the end unsuccessful, current of eliminating non-Latin influences, and, secondly, the term's lack of precision is susceptible to lead to confusion as the Latin character of the Romanian language had already been noticed since at least the 15th century.
James Noel Adams was an Australian specialist in Latin and Romance Philology.
Maria Rita Manzini is Professor of Linguistics at the University of Florence. She is known for her work on syntax, syntactic variation, principles and parameters, the Romance languages, and the languages of the Balkans.
References
- ↑ "Prof Nigel Vincent | the University of Manchester".
- ↑ Fellows Directory, British Academy
- ↑ Officers and Council 2013-14, British Academy Archived 2014-05-31 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Main Panel M, Research Assessment Exercise 2008". Archived from the original on 2013-04-25. Retrieved 2013-08-06.
- ↑ Bentley, D. and A. Ledgeway (eds) (2007) Sui dialetti italo-romanzi. Saggi in onore di Nigel B. Vincent (Special supplement number 1 to The Italianist 27). King's Lynn, Norfolk: Biddles Ltd, 316 pp., ISSN 0261-4340.
