Nijūichidaishū

Last updated

The Nijūichidaishū(二十一代集,Collections of the Twenty-One Eras) are Japan's twenty one imperial collections (chokusenshū) of waka poetry written by noblemen. The following texts listed in chronological order constitute the Nijūichidaishū:

Japan Constitutional monarchy in East Asia

Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies off the eastern coast of the Asian continent and stretches from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and the Philippine Sea in the south.

<i>Waka</i> (poetry) type of poetry in classical Japanese literature.

Waka is a type of poetry in classical Japanese literature. Waka are composed in Japanese, and are contrasted with poetry composed by Japanese poets in Classical Chinese, which are known as kanshi. Although waka in modern Japanese is written as 和歌, in the past it was also written as 倭歌, and a variant name is yamato-uta (大和歌).

The Hachidaishū are the first eight collections, in which the first three collections are the Sandaishū . The Sandaishū provided both the language and organizational principles for the rest of the anthologies thereafter. They are:

The Hachidaishū (八代集) are the first eight imperial anthologies of Japanese waka poetry, of which the first three collections are the Sandaishū. The Sandaishū provided both the language and organizational principles for the rest of the anthologies thereafter. They are:

The Sandaishū (三代集) are the first three imperial anthologies of Japanese waka poetry. The Sandaishū provided both the language and organizational principles for the rest of the anthologies thereafter. They are:

<i>Kokin Wakashū</i> first imperial waka anthology, dating from the Heian period. Conceived by Emperor Uda (r. 887–897) and published by order of his son Emperor Daigo (r. 897–930). The compilers of the anthology were four court poets, led by Ki no Tsurayuki.

The Kokin Wakashū, commonly abbreviated as Kokinshū (古今集), is an early anthology of the waka form of Japanese poetry, dating from the Heian period. It is an Imperial anthology, conceived of by Emperor Uda and published by order of his son Emperor Daigo, in about 905. Its finished form dates to c. 920, though according to several historical accounts the last poem was added to the collection in 914. The compilers of the anthology were four court poets, led by Ki no Tsurayuki and also including Ki no Tomonori, Ōshikōchi no Mitsune, and Mibu no Tadamine.

<i>Gosen Wakashū</i> the second imperial anthology of Japanese waka compiled in 951 at the behest of Emperor Murakami by the Five Men of the Pear Chamber. It consists of twenty volumes containing 1,426 poems.

The Gosen Wakashū, often abbreviated as Gosenshū, is an imperial anthology of Japanese waka compiled in 951 at the behest of Emperor Murakami by the Five Men of the Pear Chamber: Ōnakatomi no Yoshinobu (922-991), Kiyohara no Motosuke (908-990), Minamoto no Shitagō (911-983), Ki no Tokibumi, and Sakanoue no Mochiki. It consists of twenty volumes containing 1,426 poems.

<i>Shūi Wakashū</i> the third imperial anthology of waka from Heian period Japan, compiled by Emperor Kazan around 1005. Its twenty volumes contain 1,351 poems, is an expansion of Fujiwara no Kintōs Shūishō ("Selection of Gleanings"), compiled between 996 and 999.

The Shūi Wakashū, often abbreviated as Shūishū, is the third imperial anthology of waka from Heian period Japan. It was compiled by Emperor Kazan in about 1005. Its twenty volumes contain 1,351 poems. The details of its publication and compilation are unclear.

The Jūsandaishū are the later thirteen collections. They are:

The Jūsandaishū (十三代集) are the last thirteen imperial anthologies of Japanese waka poetry. They are:

Shinchokusen Wakashū, abbreviated as Shinchokusenshū, is an imperial anthology of Japanese waka, initially compiled in ~1234 CE at the behest of the Retired Emperor Go-Horikawa. It was compiled by Fujiwara no Teika. It consists of twenty volumes containing 1,376 poems. Miner and Brower remark that "The collection reflects Teika's late preference for poetry of a relatively plain, simple style." This sentiment accurately reflects its conservative selection, taking 47 poems from Fujiwara no Ietaka, 36 from Fujiwara no Yoshitsune, a full 35 from Fujiwara no Shunzei, along with 30 by Saionji Kintsune and 27 from the priest Jakuren.

The Shokugosen Wakashū (続後撰和歌集) was an imperial anthology of Japanese waka poetry. It was finished in 1251 CE, three years after the Retired Emperor Go-Saga first ordered it in 1248. It was compiled by Fujiwara no Tameie, son of Fujiwara no Teika. It consists of twenty volumes containing 1,368 poems. It is characterized by the conservative taste and general competency of the Nijō faction that would be founded by Tameie's son.

The Shokukokin Wakashū is a Japanese imperial anthology of waka; it was finished in 1265 CE, six years after the Retired Emperor Go-Saga first ordered it in 1259. It was compiled by Fujiwara no Tameie with the aid of Fujiwara no Motoie, Fujiwara no Ieyoshi, Fujiwara no Yukiee, and Fujiwara no Mitsutoshi; like most Imperial anthologies, there is a Japanese and a Chinese Preface, but their authorship is obscure and essentially unknown. It consists of twenty volumes containing 1,925 poems.

Note that the Shin'yō Wakashū —although an imperial anthology of Japanese poetry—is not included in the list of twenty one collections.

The Waka Collection of New Leaves is a Nanboku-chō period collection of Japanese poetry compiled by Munenaga Shinnō ca. 1381. Although commissioned by Emperor Chōkei of the Southern Court, it is not included in the Nijūichidaishū, i.e., the twenty-one imperial anthologies for political reasons – the "official" anthologies had been sponsored by the rival Northern Court and the Ashikaga shōguns.

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.

Related Research Articles

Ki no Tsurayuki Japanese writer

Ki no Tsurayuki was a Japanese author, poet and courtier of the Heian period. He is best known as the principal compiler of the Kokin Wakashū, also writing its Japanese Preface, and as a possible author of the Tosa Diary, although this was published anonymously.

Shika Wakashū , abbreviated as Shikashū, is an imperial anthology of Japanese waka, compiled c.1151–1154 CE at the behest of the Emperor Sutoku who ordered it in 1144. It was compiled by Fujiwara no Akisuke. It consists of ten volumes containing 411 poems.

The Gyokuyō Wakashū was an imperial anthology of Japanese waka poetry. The work was completed somewhere between 1313 and 1314, two or three years after the Retired Emperor Fushimi first ordered it around 1311.

The Shinshokukokin Wakashū was an imperial anthology of Japanese waka; it was finished somewhere around 1439 CE, six years after the Emperor Go-Hanazono first ordered it in 1433 at the request of the Ashikaga Shōgun Ashikaga Yoshinori. It was compiled by Asukai Masayo ; its Japanese and Chinese Prefaces were written by Ichijō Kanera. It consists of twenty volumes containing 2,144 poems.

Shinshūi Wakashū , occasionally abbreviated as Shinshūishū, a title which recollects the Shūi Wakashū, is the 19th imperial anthology of Japanese waka poetry. It was finished late in 1364 CE, a year after Emperor Go-Kōgon first ordered it in 1363 at the request of the Ashikaga Shōgun Ashikaga Yoshiakira. It was compiled by Fujiwara no Tameaki, a member of the older conservative Nijō house, who died in 1363 and was unable to complete his task; the priest Ton'a finished it. It consists of twenty volumes containing 1,920 poems.

The Shinsenzai Wakashū , sometimes abbreviated as Shinsenzaishū, a title which recollects the Senzai Wakashū, is an imperial anthology of Japanese waka. The title is in opposition to the prior Senzai Wakashū. It was completed in 1359, three years after being commissioned by Emperor Go-Kōgon at the request of the shōgun Ashikaga Takauji. It was compiled by Fujiwara no Tamesada. It consists of twenty volumes containing 2,364 poems. The collection is considered mediocre, but an interesting example of how power continued to transfer from the Emperors to the military authorities- traditionally, announcing the collection of a new Imperial anthology was the exclusive privilege of an Emperor.

The Nijō poetic school refers to descendants of Fujiwara no Tameie's eldest son, Nijō Tameuji (1222–86). The family name took after Nijō district of Kyoto where the family had resided. This hereditary house of Japanese waka poetry is generally known for its conservative slant toward the politics and poetics aimed at preserving the ideals of Fujiwara no Shunzei and Fujiwara no Teika. The members of the family are credited for the compilation of eleven out of thirteen later imperial anthologies, i.e., Jūsandaishū (十三代集) :

Heian literature or Chūko literature refers to Japanese literature of the Heian period, running from 794 to 1185. This article summarizes its history and development.

Fujiwara no Kiyosuke Japanese waka poet and poetry scholar

Fujiwara no Kiyosuke was a Japanese waka poet and poetry scholar of the late Heian period.

Asukai no Masatsune Japanese poet and writer

Asukai Masatsune was a Japanese waka poet of the early Kamakura period. He was also an accomplished kemari player. and one of his poems was included in the Ogura Hyakunin Isshu.

Ariwara no Motokata was a Japanese waka poet of the early Heian period.

The Shoku Shika Wakashū was a Japanese collection of waka poetry. It was initially compiled by Fujiwara no Kiyosuke on the orders of Emperor Nijō, who died before the compilation was finished, and so it was never formally included in the official list of imperial anthologies.