Notorious market

Last updated

A notorious market is a website or physical market where, according to the Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR), large-scale intellectual property infringement takes place. Officially termed Notorious Markets for Counterfeiting and Piracy, the USTR has generated a yearly list of such notorious markets since 2006 with input from various industry groups.

Contents

History

Since 2006, [1] the members of the International Intellectual Property Alliance in conjunction with the Office of the United States Trade Representative has annually filed a list of Notorious Markets [2] as a part of their Special 301 Report to the U.S. federal government. It lists virtual markets (websites) and physical markets outside of the US where large scale copyright infringement takes place and recommends trade sanctions for countries with weak copyright protection enforcement. Since 2010 the list is separately issued as a part of an out-of-cycle review between the main report submissions. [3]

Whilst the list of markets does not directly form national trade policy, the report says "The United States encourages the responsible authorities to step up efforts to combat piracy and counterfeiting in these and similar markets." [‡ 1]

In January 2025, USTR annual report on notorious markets again listed the People's Republic of China (PRC) as "the number one source of counterfeit products in the world," with 90 percent of U.S. Customs and Border Protection seizures of counterfeit or pirated products coming from the PRC or Hong Kong. [4]

List creation process

The notorious market list is created following input from the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and Motion Picture Association (MPAA), as well as other industry groups. The goal of the list is to encourage governments to take action against intellectual property violations, as well as encouraging markets to reform. Sites include torrenting websites such as The Pirate Bay, stream ripping sites, and sites for cheating in online games. [5]

List

Reports

MPAA submissionRIAA submissionReportDate published
2006 Special 301 Report [‡ 1] 2006
2007 Special 301 Report [‡ 2] 2007
2008 Special 301 Report [‡ 3] 2008
2009 Special 301 Report [‡ 4] April 2009
2010 Special 301 Report [‡ 5] April 2010
November 2010 [6] November 2010 [7] 2010 Out-of-Cycle Review [‡ 6] February 2011
October 2011 [8] 2011 Out-of-Cycle Review [‡ 7] [9] December 2011
September 2012 [10] August 2012 [11] 2012 Out-of-Cycle Review [‡ 8] [12] December 2012
October 2013 [13] September 2013[ citation needed ] 2013 Out-of-Cycle Review [‡ 9] [14] February 2014
October 2014 [15] October 2014 [16] 2014 Out-of-Cycle Review [‡ 10] [17] March 2015
2015 Out-of-Cycle Review [‡ 11] December 2015
2016 Out-of-Cycle Review [‡ 12] December 2016
2017 Out-of-Cycle Review [‡ 13] January 2018
2018 Out-of-Cycle Review [‡ 14] April 2019
2019 Review of Notorious Markets [‡ 15] April 2020
2020 Review of Notorious Markets [‡ 16] January 2021
2021 Review of Notorious Markets [‡ 17] February 2022
2022 Review of Notorious Markets [‡ 18] January 2023
2023 Review of Notorious Markets [‡ 19] January 2024

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Palika Bazaar</span> Neighborhood of Delhi in India

Palika Bazaar is an underground market located between the inner and outer circle of Connaught Place, Delhi, India. It is named after Palika Bazaar of Mumbai. Palika Bazaar hosts 380 numbered shops selling a diverse range of items; however, the market is dominated by electronic items and clothing. Palika Bazaar was set up in 1979, but since the 1990s it has seen a decline in customers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nehru Place</span> Neighborhood of Delhi in South East Delhi, India

Nehru Place is a large commercial centre in Delhi, India. Although its importance as a financial centre has declined in recent years, Nehru Place is still a prominent commercial area in South Delhi and houses the headquarters of several Indian firms and rivals with other financial centres in the metropolis like Connaught Place, Bhikaji Cama Place and Rajendra Place.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lamington Road</span> Thoroughfare in Mumbai, India

Lamington Road, officially Dr. Dadasaheb Bhadkamkar Marg, named after Lord Lamington, the Governor of Bombay between 1903 and 1907, is a busy thoroughfare near Grant Road station in South Mumbai. The official name of the road is rarely used. It is often called the "IT shop of Mumbai".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">TorrentFreak</span> Blog on file sharing, copyright infringement, and digital rights

TorrentFreak (TF) is a blog dedicated to reporting the latest news and trends on the BitTorrent protocol and file sharing, as well as on copyright infringement and digital rights.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Motion Picture Association</span> Trade organization representing major American film studios

The Motion Picture Association (MPA) is an American trade association representing the five major film studios of the United States, the mini-major Amazon MGM Studios, as well as the video streaming services Netflix and Amazon Prime Video. Founded in 1922 as the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America (MPPDA) and known as the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) from 1945 until September 2019, its original goal was to ensure the viability of the American film industry. In addition, the MPA established guidelines for film content which resulted in the creation of the Motion Picture Production Code in 1930. This code, also known as the Hays Code, was replaced by a voluntary film rating system in 1968, which is managed by the Classification and Rating Administration (CARA).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Copyright infringement</span> Illegal usage of copyrighted works

Copyright infringement is the use of works protected by copyright without permission for a usage where such permission is required, thereby infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to produce derivative works. The copyright holder is usually the work's creator, or a publisher or other business to whom copyright has been assigned. Copyright holders routinely invoke legal and technological measures to prevent and penalize copyright infringement.

Burma Bazaar is a market run by Burmese refugees in Chennai, India. It is located at Parrys Corner and is one of the several unorganized or grey market shopping hubs of Chennai. The bazaar was set up in 1969 by the Government of Tamil Nadu. It is located just outside the Chennai Beach railway station, in the old financial district of the city at George Town. It is a row of about 200 shops that line either side of the road for about a kilometre.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gandhi Nagar, Delhi</span> Neighbourhood of Delhi in East Delhi, India

Gandhi Nagar is a residential area in the East Delhi district of Delhi in the Trans-Yamuna area. It is most known for Gandhi Nagar Market, which is Asia's biggest readymade garments/textile market. Gandhi Nagar has many shops and factories.

Cuevana was an Argentine file sharing website that offers movies and television content in their original languages, with Spanish subtitles. The site was created in October 2009 and as of 2011 was one of the 20 most visited websites in Argentina with half a million visits daily.

Ex.ua was a one-click hosting service that offered both free and commercial services. Operating from Ukraine, it was financed by advertisements on the website. Ex.ua was said to be the largest file-sharing service in Ukraine and allowed uploads of up to 50 GB. The site's traffic accounted for 15–25% of domestic traffic.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">AliExpress</span> Online retail service based in China

AliExpress is an online retail service based in China and owned by the Alibaba Group. Launched in 2010, it is made up of small businesses in China and other locations, such as Singapore, that offer products to international online buyers. It is the most visited e-commerce website in Russia and was the 10th most popular website in Brazil. It facilitates small businesses to sell to customers all over the world. AliExpress has drawn comparison to eBay, as sellers are independent and use the platform to offer products to buyers. As of March 2024, the number of global users of the AliExpress mobile app reached 8.18 million, a 130% year-on-year increase, setting the highest record since statistics began in 2016.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">IndiaMART</span> Indian e-commerce company

IndiaMART InterMESH Ltd is an Indian B2B online marketplace, connecting buyers and suppliers. It is headquartered in Noida. The company started its operations in 1996 when Dinesh Agarwal and Brijesh Agrawal founded the website IndiaMART.com, a business-to-business portal to connect Indian manufacturers with buyers.

PT Tokopedia is an Indonesian e-commerce company. Tokopedia is a subsidiary of a new holding company called GoTo, following a merger with Gojek on 17 May 2021. It is one of the most visited e-commerce platforms in Indonesia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1337x</span> File-sharing website

1337x is an online website that provides a directory of torrent files and magnet links used for peer-to-peer file sharing through the BitTorrent protocol. According to the TorrentFreak news blog, 1337x is the second-most popular torrent website as of 2024. The U.S. Trade Representative flagged it as one of the most notorious pirate sites earlier in 2024. The site and its variants have been blocked in a variety of nations including Australia, and Portugal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pinduoduo</span> Chinese e-commerce company

Pinduoduo is a Chinese online retailer with a focus on the traditional agriculture industry. The business is the largest product of PDD Holdings, which also owns the online marketplace Temu.

123Movies, GoMovies, GoStream, MeMovies or 123movieshub was a network of file streaming websites operating from Vietnam which allowed users to watch films for free. It was called the world's "most popular illegal site" by the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) in March 2018, before being shut down a few weeks later on foot of a criminal investigation by the Vietnamese authorities.

Zippyshare, also capitalized ZippyShare, was a free file-sharing website.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anna's Archive</span> Search engine for shadow libraries

Anna's Archive is an open source search engine for shadow libraries that was launched by the pseudonymous Anna shortly after law enforcement efforts to shut down Z-Library in 2022. The site aggregates records from several major shadow libraries, including Z-Library, Sci-Hub, and Library Genesis, as well as other sources. It calls itself "the largest truly open library in human history", and has said it aims to "catalog all the books in existence" and "track humanity's progress toward making all these books easily available in digital form". It claims not to be responsible for downloads of copyrighted materials, since it indexes metadata and links to third-party downloads but does not directly host any files. However, it has faced government censorship and legal action from publishers and anti-piracy groups for engaging in large-scale copyright infringement.

Kayifamily, also known as Kayi Tribe, is a network of file streaming websites operating platforms featuring Turkish television series of historical and drama genres from Turkey and Pakistan, especially those related to Diriliş: Ertuğrul, Kuruluş: Osman, and Destan, which allow users to watch Turkish series for free. It has gained notoriety as the world's "most popular illegal site," according to ATV and TRT1, a status it has held since 2018. As of July 2023, there are still active websites attempting to imitate the brand.

References

  1. ↑ "USTR Announces Results of Special 301 Review of Notorious Markets". Archived from the original on 17 December 2014. Retrieved 2 December 2014.
  2. ↑ Ernesto (October 27, 2014). "MPAA Reports The Pirate Bay to The U.S. Government". Archived from the original on 2 December 2014. Retrieved 2 December 2014.
  3. ↑ "2014 Special 301 Out-of-Cycle Review of Notorious Markets: Request for Public Comments". 26 September 2014. Archived from the original on 19 December 2014. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  4. ↑ Kine, Phelim (2025-01-09). "Trump sparks Japanese jitters". Politico Europe . Retrieved 2025-01-10.
  5. ↑ Van der Sar, Ernesto (April 27, 2019). "US Govt Identifies Top Pirate Sites and Other 'Notorious Markets'". TorrentFreak. Archived from the original on November 19, 2020. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  6. ↑ enigmax (November 7, 2010). "MPAA Lists Major Torrent, Usenet and Hosting Sites In Submission To U.S. Government". Archived from the original on 16 December 2014. Retrieved 2 December 2014.
  7. ↑ "RIAA Reports Torrent Sites, RapidShare and RLSLOG to US Government". November 11, 2010. Archived from the original on 13 January 2021. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  8. ↑ Ernesto (October 28, 2011). "MPAA Lists "Notorious" Pirate Sites To U.S. Government" . Retrieved 2 December 2014.
  9. ↑ "Out-of-Cycle Review of Notorious Markets". Archived from the original on 2014-12-10. Retrieved 2014-12-13.
  10. ↑ "115644694 NOT Motion Picture Association of America Final". 6 December 2012. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  11. ↑ "RIAA: BitTorrent Sites and Cyberlockers Should Filter Proactively". November 14, 2012. Archived from the original on 16 December 2014. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  12. ↑ F, Sean. "US Official 'Notorious Markets' Piracy List Updated" . Retrieved 2 December 2014.
  13. ↑ Ernesto (October 26, 2013). "MPAA Reports Notorious Pirate Sites to U.S. Government". Archived from the original on November 19, 2014. Retrieved December 2, 2014.
  14. ↑ "Notorious Markets List Focuses Fight Against Global Piracy and Counterfeiting of American Products". Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 2 December 2014.
  15. ↑ "MPAA Reports The Pirate Bay to The U.S. Government". Archived from the original on 9 December 2014. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  16. ↑ Ernesto (October 28, 2014). "RIAA: The Pirate Bay Assaults Fundamental Human Rights". Archived from the original on 10 December 2014. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  17. ↑ Andy (March 6, 2015). "U.S. Government Lists Top Torrent Sites as Piracy Havens" . Retrieved 6 March 2015.

Reports

In the text these references are preceded by a double dagger (‡):

  1. 1 2 "2006 Special 301 Report" (PDF). Office of the United States Trade Representative. 2006. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 26, 2020. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  2. ↑ "2007 Special 301 Report" (PDF). Office of the United States Trade Representative. 2007. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 26, 2020. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  3. ↑ "2008 Special 301 Report" (PDF). Office of the United States Trade Representative. 2008. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 30, 2020. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  4. ↑ "2009 Special 301 Report" (PDF). Office of the United States Trade Representative. April 30, 2009. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 10, 2020. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  5. ↑ "2010 Special 301 Report" (PDF). Office of the United States Trade Representative. April 30, 2010. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 18, 2020. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  6. ↑ "2010 Out of Cycle Review of Notorious Markets" (PDF). Office of the United States Trade Representative. February 28, 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  7. ↑ "2011 Out of Cycle Review of Notorious Markets" (PDF). Office of the United States Trade Representative. December 20, 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 18, 2020. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  8. ↑ "2012 Out of Cycle Review of Notorious Markets" (PDF). Office of the United States Trade Representative. December 13, 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  9. ↑ "2013 Out of Cycle Review of Notorious Markets" (PDF). Office of the United States Trade Representative. February 12, 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 24, 2020. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  10. ↑ "2014 Out of Cycle Review of Notorious Markets" (PDF). Office of the United States Trade Representative. March 5, 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 31, 2017. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  11. ↑ "2015 Out of Cycle Review of Notorious Markets" (PDF). Office of the United States Trade Representative. December 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  12. ↑ "2016 Out of Cycle Review of Notorious Markets" (PDF). Office of the United States Trade Representative. December 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 23, 2020. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  13. ↑ "2017 Out of Cycle Review of Notorious Markets" (PDF). Office of the United States Trade Representative. January 11, 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 23, 2020. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  14. ↑ "2018 Out of Cycle Review of Notorious Markets" (PDF). Office of the United States Trade Representative. April 25, 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  15. ↑ "2019 Review of Notorious Markets for Counterfeiting and Piracy" (PDF). Office of the United States Trade Representative. April 29, 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  16. ↑ "2020 Review of Notorious Markets for Counterfeiting and Piracy" (PDF). Office of the United States Trade Representative. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 27, 2023. Retrieved May 22, 2021.
  17. ↑ "2021 Review of Notorious Markets for Counterfeiting and Piracy" (PDF). Office of the United States Trade Representative. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 19, 2022. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
  18. ↑ "2022 Review of Notorious Markets for Counterfeiting and Piracy" (PDF). Office of the United States Trade Representative. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 29, 2024. Retrieved March 1, 2024.
  19. ↑ "2023 Review of Notorious Markets for Counterfeiting and Piracy" (PDF). Office of the United States Trade Representative. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 2, 2024. Retrieved March 1, 2024.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.