Nuclear energy in Libya

Last updated

Libya became a member of the IAEA in 1963.

Libya has a Soviet-designed 10 MWt research reactor in Tajura that was built 1981.

Tajura Place in Greater Tripoli, Libya

Tajura, also spelt Tajoura, is a town in north-western Libya, and baladiyah in the Tripoli Muhafazah, on the Mediterranean coast 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) east of Tripoli.

In the late 1970s Libya signed a contract with the Soviet nuclear company Atomenergoexport for two VVER-440 reactors, each delivering 440 MW [1] [2] of electrical power on the Gulf of Sirte. The reactors were intended to serve a dual-use for electric power generation and seawater desalination. [3] As Libya was discontented with the technology the USSR wanted to provide them with, the Belgian nuclear company Belgonucleaire was asked to take over the contract. However, due to objection from the United States for concerns regarding misuse of nuclear weapons development, Belgonucleaire refused and Libya asked the USSR again. In the end, the project was stopped during its planning phase in 1986. [4] [5]

VVER series of pressurised water reactor designs

The water-water energetic reactor (WWER), or VVER is a series of pressurised water reactor designs originally developed in the Soviet Union, and now Russia, by OKB Gidropress. VVER were originally developed before the 1970s, and have been continually updated. As a result, the name VVER is associated with a wide variety of reactor designs spanning from generation I reactors to modern generation III+ designs. Power output ranges from 70 to 1200 MWe, with designs of up to 1700 MWe in development.

Gulf of Sirte A body of water in the Mediterranean Sea on the northern coast of Libya

Gulf of Sirte, or Gulf of Sidra after the port of Sidra, is a body of water in the Mediterranean Sea on the northern coast of Libya. Historically it has been also known as the Great Sirte or Greater Syrtis.

Desalination Removal of salts and minerals from a substance

Desalination is a process that takes away mineral components from saline water. More generally, desalination refers to the removal of salts and minerals from a target substance, as in soil desalination, which is an issue for agriculture.

In 2006 Libya and France signed an agreement on peaceful uses of atomic energy, [6] and in July 2007, they signed a memorandum of understanding related to building a mid-sized nuclear plant with Areva reactor for seawater desalination. This deal was opposed by Germany. [7] This was followed by a memorandum with Canada, to share nuclear medicine, desalinization technology and co-operation over nuclear energy research. [8]

Libya Country in north Africa

Libya, officially the State of Libya, is a country in the Maghreb region in North Africa, bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad to the south, Niger to the southwest, Algeria to the west, and Tunisia to the northwest. The sovereign state is made of three historical regions: Tripolitania, Fezzan and Cyrenaica. With an area of almost 1.8 million square kilometres (700,000 sq mi), Libya is the fourth largest country in Africa, and is the 16th largest country in the world. Libya has the 10th-largest proven oil reserves of any country in the world. The largest city and capital, Tripoli, is located in western Libya and contains over one million of Libya's six million people. The second-largest city is Benghazi, which is located in eastern Libya.

France Republic with mainland in Europe and numerous oversea territories

France, officially the French Republic, is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is bordered by Belgium, Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast, Switzerland and Italy to the east, and Andorra and Spain to the south. The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. The country's 18 integral regions span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres (248,573 sq mi) and a total population of 67.3 million. France, a sovereign state, is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Other major urban areas include Lyon, Marseille, Toulouse, Bordeaux, Lille and Nice.

In 2010 Libya confirmed that it intended to create a nuclear energy sector. [9]

Related Research Articles

Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons international treaty (to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology, to promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and to further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament)

The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, commonly known as the Non-Proliferation Treaty or NPT, is an international treaty whose objective is to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology, to promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and to further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament. Between 1965 and 1968, the treaty was negotiated by the Eighteen Nation Committee on Disarmament, a United Nations-sponsored organization based in Geneva, Switzerland.

Nuclear proliferation spread of nuclear weapons to nations not recognized as "Nuclear Weapon States"

Nuclear proliferation is the spread of nuclear weapons, fissionable material, and weapons-applicable nuclear technology and information to nations not recognized as "Nuclear Weapon States" by the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), commonly known as the Non-Proliferation Treaty or NPT. Proliferation has been opposed by many nations with and without nuclear weapons, as governments fear that more countries with nuclear weapons will increase the possibility of nuclear warfare, de-stabilize international or regional relations, or infringe upon the national sovereignty of states.

Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center North Korean nuclear site

The Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center is North Korea's major nuclear facility, operating its first nuclear reactors. It is located in Nyongbyon County in North Pyongan Province, about 100 km north of Pyongyang. The center produced the fissile material for North Korea's six nuclear weapon tests from 2006 to 2017, and since 2009 is developing indigenous light water reactor nuclear power station technology.

CIRUS was a research reactor at the Bhabha Atomic Research Center (BARC) in Trombay near Mumbai, India. CIRUS was supplied by Canada in 1954, but used heavy water supplied by the United States. It was the second nuclear reactor to be built in India.

Nuclear power in Russia Wikimedia list article

Russia is one of the world's largest producers of nuclear energy. In 2018 total electricity generated in nuclear power plants in Russia was 202.87 TWh, 20.8% of all power generation. The installed gross capacity of Russian nuclear reactors is 31,315 MW by December 2018.

Nuclear power in North Korea

North Korea (DPRK) has been active in developing nuclear technology since the 1950s.

Nuclear power in Pakistan

As of 2017, nuclear power in Pakistan is provided by 5 commercial nuclear power plants. Pakistan is the first Muslim country in the world to construct and operate civil nuclear power plants. The Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC), the scientific and nuclear governmental agency, is solely responsible for operating these power plants. As of 2012, the electricity generated by commercial nuclear power plants constitutes roughly ~3.6% of electricity generated in Pakistan, compared to ~62% from fossil fuel, ~33% from hydroelectric power and ~0.3% from coal electricity. Pakistan is not a party to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty but is a member of the International Atomic Energy Agency. Pakistan plans on constructing 32 nuclear power plants by 2050.

Temelín Nuclear Power Station nuclear power plant

Temelín Nuclear Power Station is located near Temelín, a small village in the Czech Republic. Temelín NPP is owned by ČEZ Group, which employs 1000 workers at this site. The adjacent castle Vysoký Hrádek serves as an information centre.

This is the timeline of the nuclear program of Iran.

Libya and weapons of mass destruction

Libya pursued programs to develop or acquire weapons of mass destruction from when Muammar Gaddafi seized control of Libya in 1969 until he announced on 19 December 2003 that Libya would voluntarily eliminate all materials, equipment and programs that could lead to internationally proscribed weapons, including weapons of mass destruction and long-range ballistic missiles. Libya under King Idris signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) in 1968 and Gaddafi ratified it in 1975, and concluded a safeguards agreement with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in 1980. The United States and the United Kingdom assisted Libya in removing equipment and material from its nuclear weapons program, with independent verification by IAEA.

Nuclear power in India Wikimedia list article

Nuclear power is the fifth-largest source of electricity in India after coal, gas, hydroelectricity and wind power. As of March 2018, India has 22 nuclear reactors in operation in 7 nuclear power plants, having a total installed capacity of 6,780 MW. Nuclear power produced a total of 35 TWh and supplied 3.22% of Indian electricity in 2017. 7 more reactors are under construction with a combined generation capacity of 4,300 MW.

Novovoronezh Nuclear Power Plant II

Novovoronezh Nuclear Power Plant II is a Russian nuclear power plant located in Voronezh Oblast. Unit 1 started operation in 2017 and was the first Generation III+ nuclear reactor in the world. Unit 2 is under construction and two more units are planned. It is being built on the same site as the present Novovoronezh Nuclear Power Plant.

IR-40

IR-40 is an Iranian 40 megawatt (thermal) heavy water reactor under construction near Arak, adjacent to the 1990s era Arak Heavy Water Production Plant. Civil works for the construction began in October 2004. It was initially planned that the reactor would begin nuclear operations in 2014.

President Adly Mansour announced on 7 November 2013 that Egypt was restarting its nuclear power program in El Dabaa; a deal was reached with the residents in which it was agreed that a residential area will also be built. The Egyptian minister of electricity, Ahmed Emam, has called the project "necessary" because of a small amount of renewable energy sources and not enough fuel.

This timeline of nuclear weapons development is a chronological catalog of the evolution of nuclear weapons rooting from the development of the science surrounding nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. In addition to the scientific advancements, this timeline also includes several political events relating to the development of nuclear weapons. The availability of intelligence on recent advancements in nuclear weapons of several major countries is limited because of the classification of technical knowledge of nuclear weapons development.

Bilibino Nuclear Power Plant

The Bilibino Nuclear Power Plant is a power plant in Bilibino, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia. The plant is equipped with four EGP-6 reactors. The plant is the smallest and the northernmost operating nuclear power plant in the world. Plans to begin a shutdown procedure of the plant in 2019 have been announced, and it will be replaced by the floating nuclear power station Akademik Lomonosov.

Wolseong Nuclear Power Plant nuclear power plant

The Wolseong Nuclear Power Plant, or Wolsong, is a nuclear power plant located on the coast near Nae-ri, Yangnm-myeon, Gyeongju, North Gyeongsang province, South Korea. It is the only South Korean nuclear power plant operating CANDU-type PHWR. Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power owns the plant. These reactors are capable of consuming multiple types of fuel, including wastes from South Korea's other nuclear plants.

Hanul Nuclear Power Plant

The Hanul Nuclear Power Plant is a large nuclear power station in the Gyeongsangbuk-do province of South Korea. The facility has six pressurized water reactors (PWRs) with a total installed capacity of 5,881 MW. The first went online in 1988. It is the third largest operational nuclear power plant in the world and the second largest in South Korea. The plant's name was changed from Uljin to Hanul in 2013.

Hanbit Nuclear Power Plant nuclear power plant

The Hanbit Nuclear Power Plant is a large nuclear power station in the Jeollanam-do province of South Korea. The facility runs at an installed capacity of 5,875 MW. The power station is currently ranked as the fifth largest nuclear power station in the world. The plant's name was changed from Yeonggwang NPP to Hanbit in 2013 at the request of local fishermen.

References

  1. ↑ "Nuclear Power Reactor Details - LIBYA-1". PRIS. IAEA. Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 14 September 2013.
  2. ↑ "Nuclear Power Reactor Details - LIBYA-2". PRIS. IAEA. Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 14 September 2013.
  3. ↑ Megahed, Mohamed M. (2001). "Nuclear desalination: history and prospects" (PDF). Desalination. 135: 173. doi:10.1016/S0011-9164(01)00148-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 July 2007. Retrieved 14 September 2013.
  4. ↑ "Libyan Nuclear Weapons". GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 14 September 2013.
  5. ↑ "Libya Nuclear Chronology" (PDF). NTI. Retrieved 14 September 2013.
  6. ↑ "Libya in 'milestone' nuclear deal". BBC News. 2006-03-16.
  7. ↑ "Germans attack Libya nuclear deal". BBC. 2007-07-27. Retrieved 2007-08-04.
  8. ↑ "Canada and Libya look to cooperate". World Nuclear News. 31 July 2009. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
  9. ↑ "Libya moving forward with nuclear power plans". World Nuclear News. 8 January 2010. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.