In organic chemistry, an alkene, or olefin, is a hydrocarbon containing a carbon–carbon double bond. The double bond may be internal or in the terminal position. Terminal alkenes are also known as α-olefins.
In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with an aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated. Most naturally occurring fatty acids have an unbranched chain of an even number of carbon atoms, from 4 to 28. Fatty acids are a major component of the lipids in some species such as microalgae but in some other organisms are not found in their standalone form, but instead exist as three main classes of esters: triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesteryl esters. In any of these forms, fatty acids are both important dietary sources of fuel for animals and important structural components for cells.
Cis–trans isomerism, also known as geometric isomerism, describes certain arrangements of atoms within molecules. The prefixes "cis" and "trans" are from Latin: "this side of" and "the other side of", respectively. In the context of chemistry, cis indicates that the functional groups (substituents) are on the same side of some plane, while trans conveys that they are on opposing (transverse) sides. Cis–trans isomers are stereoisomers, that is, pairs of molecules which have the same formula but whose functional groups are in different orientations in three-dimensional space. Cis and trans isomers occur both in organic molecules and in inorganic coordination complexes. Cis and trans descriptors are not used for cases of conformational isomerism where the two geometric forms easily interconvert, such as most open-chain single-bonded structures; instead, the terms "syn" and "anti" are used.
In stereochemistry, stereoisomerism, or spatial isomerism, is a form of isomerism in which molecules have the same molecular formula and sequence of bonded atoms (constitution), but differ in the three-dimensional orientations of their atoms in space. This contrasts with structural isomers, which share the same molecular formula, but the bond connections or their order differs. By definition, molecules that are stereoisomers of each other represent the same structural isomer.
A triglyceride is an ester derived from glycerol and three fatty acids. Triglycerides are the main constituents of body fat in humans and other vertebrates, as well as vegetable fat. They are also present in the blood to enable the bidirectional transference of adipose fat and blood glucose from the liver, and are a major component of human skin oils.
α-Linolenic acid, also known as alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), is an n−3, or omega-3, essential fatty acid. ALA is found in many seeds and oils, including flaxseed, walnuts, chia, hemp, and many common vegetable oils.
Elaidic acid is a chemical compound with the formula C
18H
34O
2, specifically the fatty acid with structural formula HOOC−(CH2)7−CH=CH−(CH2)7−CH3, with the double bond in trans configuration. It is a colorless oily solid. Its salts and esters are called elaidates.
Linolenic acid is a type of naturally-occurring fatty acid. It can refer to either of two octadecatrienoic acids, or a mixture of the two. Linolenate is often found in vegetable oils; traditionally, such fatty acylates are reported as the fatty acids:
Butenoic acid is any of three monocarboxylic acids with an unbranched 4-carbon chain with 3 single bonds and one double bond; that is, with the structural formula HO(O=)C–CH=CH–CH
2–H (2-butenoic) or HO(O=)C–CH
2–CH=CH–H (3-butenoic). All have the chemical formula C
3H
5COOH or C
4H
6O
2.
α-Eleostearic acid or (9Z,11E,13E)-octadeca-9,11,13-trienoic acid, is an organic compound, a conjugated fatty acid and one of the isomers of octadecatrienoic acid. It is often called simply eleostearic acid although there is also a β-eleostearic acid. Its high degree of unsaturation gives tung oil its properties as a drying oil.
E–Z configuration, or the E–Z convention, is the IUPAC preferred method of describing the absolute stereochemistry of double bonds in organic chemistry. It is an extension of cis–trans isomer notation that can be used to describe double bonds having two, three or four substituents. E and Z notation are only used when a compound doesn't have two identical substituents.
In chemistry, isomers are molecules or polyatomic ions with identical molecular formula – that is, same number of atoms of each element – but distinct arrangements of atoms in space. Diamond and graphite are a familiar example; they are isomers of carbon. Isomerism refers to the existence or possibility of isomers.
Octadecadienoic acid may refer to:
Eleostearic acid is a fatty acid, one of two isomers of octadecatrienoic acid:
An octadecatrienoic acid is a chemical compound with formula C
18H
30O
2, a polyunsaturated fatty acid whose molecule has an 18-carbon unbranched backbone with three double bonds.
9,12-octadecadienoate 8-hydroperoxide 8R-isomerase is an enzyme with systematic name (8R,9Z,12Z)-8-hydroperoxyoctadeca-9,12-dienoate hydroxymutase ( -5,8-dihydroxyoctadeca-9,12-dienoate-forming). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
Divinylether fatty acids contain a fatty acid chemically combined with a doubly unsaturated carbon chain linked by an oxygen atom (ether). Fatty acid hydroperoxides generated by plant lipoxygenases from linoleic and linolenic acids are known to serve as substrates for a divinyl ether synthase which produces divinyl ether fatty acids. Up to date divinyl ethers were detected only within the plant kingdom.
Dihydroxy-E,Z,E-PUFA are metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) that possess two hydroxyl residues and three in series conjugated double bonds having the E,Z,E cis-trans configuration. These recently classified metabolites are distinguished from the many other dihydroxy-PUFA with three conjugated double bonds that do not have this critical E,Z,E configuration: they inhibit the function of platelets and therefore may be involved in controlling and prove useful for inhibiting human diseases which involve the pathological activation of these blood-borne elements.
Decadienoic acid is any mono-carboxylic acid with an unbranched chain of ten carbon atoms, connected by seven single bonds and two double bonds. That is, any compound with formula HO(O=)C–(CH
2)
x–CH=CH–(CH
2)
y–CH=CH–(–CH
2)
z–H where x, y, and z can be zero or more, and x+y+z = 5 ; or HO(O=)C–(CH
2)
r–CH=C=CH–(CH
2)
s–H where r + s = 6. All these compounds have the formula C
10H
16O
2. A salt or ester of such an acid is called a decadienoate.
