Location of Old Goulburn Brewery in New South Wales
Old Goulburn Brewery is a heritage-listed brewery and now hotel and restaurant at Bungonia Road, Goulburn, Goulburn Mulwaree Council, New South Wales, Australia. It may have been designed by Francis Greenway and built from 1836 to 1840. It is also known as Bradley's Mill, Bradley's Brewery, Bartlett's Brewery, Tooth's Brewery and Bradley Grange. The property is owned by Goulburn Brewery Pty Limited. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.[1]
The mill/brewery complex was originally part of a parcel of land promised to William Henry Broughton in 1818 as one of the first portions of the "New Country" south west of Sydney that Governor Macquarie proffered for settlement. In 1833 William Bradley took an interest in Broughton's stockyards and bought 600 acres of what was called West Park. Its close proximity to the Bradley's Landsdowne Estate on the other side of the Mulawee Chain of Ponds was the most likely reason behind his interest. The resiting of the town of Goulburn in 1832 would also have contributed.[1]
Bradley's acquisition of this land and a total of 32 000 acres in the Goulburn district was part of a wider pattern of land holdings in which Bradley acquired over 300 000 acres, or a tenth of the available land, in the Monaro area.[1]
In 1838 William Bradley and William Shelley became co-partners in a milling and brewing venture. This venture appears to have had its origins in 1836. Construction of the mill appears to have started in this year. A visitor in 1837 wrote that a Mr Bradbury (sic) was building a granary and steam engine flour mill. Advertisements in 1837 proclaimed the intention of the proprietors to purchase grain after the ensuing harvest. It was complete and operational in 1838 and remained as a mill until 1869. The lease to manage the operation was originally given to N. C. Phillips. When he died in 1863 Bradley leased the buildings to S. Emanuel and Son.[1]
The exact commencement date of the brewery's operations has not been fixed although it is thought to be around the early 1840s. It remained in operation until 1854 when brewing ceased.[1]
Thomas Capel appears to have been the first brewer at Bradley's. He moved on to another brewery but returned and was brewing at Bradley's again in 1853. During his absence John Blackshaw took over as brewer. The brewery closed in February 1854, only six months after Capel's return.[1]
The closure of the brewery was blamed on a lack of support. Colonial beer did not enjoy a good reputation and the Goulburn folk, like other colonials, expressed a preference for English brews. Locals judged Bradley's brew to be inferior to English brews and declined to buy it when the price rose in the early 1850s as a result of increases in the cost of barley.[1]
Plans were announced in April 1859 in which malting would be renewed in the winter of 1860 and a call was made for 10,000 bushels of English barley. Farmers were given twelve months notice in the hope that the barley would be forthcoming. Their response does not appear to have been sufficient to have permitted malting operations to begin.[1]
William Bradley died in April 1868 and the part of his estate which included Lansdowne and the mill/brewery complex passed from the Bradley's to new ownership in 1874.[1]
In December 1869 the complex ceased to function as a mill and Solomon Emanuel arranged for the transfer of his lease to the Goulburn Meat Preserving Company which took possession of the works in February 1870. The company was slow to make building alterations and did not begin to function until November 1870. It was not successful and stopped operations in October 1871. The mill/brewery complex lay idle from this time until June 1875 when Bartlett and Oddy leased the premises, proposing to operate it as a brewery and to manufacture their own malt. It was also intended to use part of the premises as a steam sawmill and joinery works. However, this does not seem to have eventuated.[1]
W. J. Bartlett and J. S. Oddy moved to the complex in June 1875 and proceeded to operate it as a brewery. They appear to have been limited in capital, mortgaging the brewery for the whole of the purchase price - 3,200 pounds. In 1879 Oddy left the partnership, Bartlett purchasing Oddy's share of the business. Bartlett appears to have been the proprietor from 1879 to 1920 although several mortgage agreements are listed in his claim for Certificate of Title in 1913. One agreement involving Andrew Seton Chisholm remains unclear. It has been suggested that a sale was negotiated but not finalised.[1]
Chisholm had the Brewery operated by James E. and Robert S. Raymond between 1887 and 1896. The Raymonds were the licensed brewers at Goulburn and there is record at the brewery of them doing so. The Raymonds appear to have been related to Chisholm by marriage and the business arrangement is confused in that it bears on Chisholm's family arrangements.[1]
The Brewery continued to function as Bartlett and Co during this period. In 1897 Bartlett resumed the role of brewer.[1]
In 1913 Bartlett divided the land into two lots, one containing the mill/brewery and the other his residence, Broughton. An offer was made to Tooth and Co. in 1914 but was declined. In 1920 Tooth and Co agreed to buy the brewery for 14 000 pounds. In this purchase they also acquired ten year extensions of the leases of five hotels as well as Bartlett's interest in the trade of another six. Arrangements were made for the Maudslay steam condensing beam engine to revert to Bartlett in the event of Tooth and Co deciding to discontinue brewing at Goulburn.[1]
Tooth and Company took over the brewery in October–November 1920. Bartlett continued to supervise work for twelve months before retiring at the end of 1921. The title of the property was formally transferred on 7 November 1921.[1]
Frank Carman, who had been working for Bartlett since 1910, took over as Manager after Bartlett's retirement. Under his management the premises were used as a depot for Tooth and Co products. The brewery continued to function until August 1929 when the company decided to cease brewing and use the premises as a depot only. The final brew was made on 7 August and all bottling was completed by 23 September. The decision to stop brewing was prompted by several factors, including the need to replace the loco boiler in a period of economic depression in Australia.[1]
In 1954 Tooth and Co appointed Jim Malcolm as manager of the Goulburn depot and the licence for the premises was transferred to his name. His role was that of caretaker in the absence of Frank Carman who was in ill health. It was the intention of the company to close the depot if Carman remained indisposed. Carman died in 1955 and after a "decent interval" the company announced on 5 August 1956 that it would close the depot at the end of the month.[1]
In March 1958 Tooth & Co accepted an offer of 3,500 pounds from Hedley and Joyce Carman, the son and daughter-in-law of Frank Carman, for the purchase of the buildings and site. The Carmans renovated a portion of the building known as the sugar rooms, converting it into a modern flat. They continued to use the property as a residence until 1975. The Carmans also attempted to use it for the storage of hay but floods made it seem unsuitable.[1]
In 1974-75 Goulburn City Council expressed interest in buying the complex and developing it as a tourist site. This did not happen and the Carmans sold the property to the Phoenix Community Services Ltd in 1975. The intention was to use the property as a rehabilitation centre. It operated in this capacity until the mid 1980s.[2][1]
In 1989 the complex was reopened, incorporating the restored brewery, a hotel, restaurant, function rooms, cabaret theatre restaurant, art gallery and accommodation.[3][1]
Description
The buildings of the complex are mainly constructed of load bearing brickwork. All are substantial, some are of excellent quality, and the resultant grouping , which virtually reached its present form in the first half of the 19th century, possesses great visual charm.[4][1]
It was reported as being in excellent physical condition as at 28 August 1997.[1]
Modifications and dates
1870 – Old boiler room maltings, kiln and office 3 added; Bottle wash area added
1871 – Brewers cottages 1 & 2 added
1877 – New boiler room and barrel store added; Mews 4a-b, old boiler room, maltings and malt kin altered
1878 – Cooperage added
c.1879–1902 – Cooperage, cellar, brew hall and gyle room added and tower heightened. Bottling room, cool room and brew tower altered
1920 – Electric motor room added and new boiler room altered [5]
c.1984–1989 – Restoration of the brewery complex[1]
Heritage listing
The Goulburn Mill/Brewery is one of the most substantial industrial establishments to survive in country New South Wales from early colonial times. It is a well designed, integrated industrial complex that has been put to different uses in response to shifts in the economy. Its changes in function illustrate the fluctuating fortunes of the flour milling and brewing industries in country NSW in general and the Southern Tablelands and Goulburn in particular.[1]
It is associated with William Bradley, a pastoralist who gathered considerable holdings in the Argyle and Monaro districts and influenced the development of those districts. It is also associated with W.J.Bartlett, a brewer and civic benefactor.[1]
Alterations to the complex provide a record of ways in which milling and brewing technology has changed.[1]
The site is an important element in the heritage of Goulburn. The size and nature of the buildings have made it a local landmark. It indicates the importance of Goulburn as the major provincial centre in southern NSW in the 19th century.[6][1]
The site contains a range of moveable heritage items, embracing a wide range of artefacts relating to the machinery and the historic activities of the place.[1]
The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales.
The Goulburn Brewery is significant primarily because it is the remaining physical evidence of 120 years of varied industrial activity occupying one group of buildings conceived within the first 50 years of white settlement in NSW. The group bears comparison with important historic industrial structures elsewhere in Australia, including the former Australian Sugar Company at Canterbury, the Venus State Battery at Charters Towers and the Cascade Brewery in Hobart. However, no known industrial complex combines longevity, complexity, variety and intactness more manifestly than the Goulburn Brewery Group.[1]
The Goulburn Brewery Complex has long associations with the pioneer white land holders in the area. The subsequent history of the Brewery's development closely parallels the movement of financial power within the state. The ownership of the site, firstly by large scale pastoralist land owners, then by merchant entrepreneurs, afterwards by monopolistic public companies, and more recently government and community involvement, has been well documented. The physical evidence of continuing as well as past social history is important.[7][1]
The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.
From the time of the earliest settlement of Goulburn, the Brewery complex has, by virtue of its location adjacent to the Mulwaree Ponds, its Georgian form, and the subsequent sympathetic additions, have been regarded as an aesthetic focal point and feathered in sketches, maps and photographs. The susceptibility of much of the surrounding land to flooding, and the concentration of Goulburn's growth west of the brewery complex, have resulted in the retention of most of the Brewery's visual curtilage; historic prospects as well as aspects are surprisingly intact.[1]
The main elements of the complex show clearly the influence of British Georgian building tradition on the planning and detailing of industrial buildings in Australia during the first half of the 19th century. The complex demonstrates the Georgian use of geometry and proportion in the harmonious design of a group of buildings related in function and diversity of size. Though no architect is known to have been associated with the Goulburn Complex, comparison may be made with some other geometrical examples such as Francis Greenway's Hyde Park Barracks of 1817, and with Greenway's treatment of Robert Campbell Junior's residence and outbuildings in Bligh Street in 1822.[7][1]
The place has strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
Public esteem for the place and local respect for its historical value is high and, by all accounts, increasing. The tourist potential of the place is great and there is evidence that the Brewery is considered locally to be an important part of Goulburn's future.[8][1]
The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.
The materials used in work carried on over the life of the brewery provide evidence of great technological improvements. Beginning with hand processed materials won from the immediate area – bricks, mud morters, hand wrought iron & split shingles – the materials progress to machine finished locally made items and then imported finished components. Despite these dramatic improvements in building materials the standards of workmanship remained consistently simple, testifying to the utilitarian nature of the project.[1]
The alterations to the brewery provide a vivid record of the ways in which brewing and milling technology changed during a period of 120 years.[1]
The site is one upon which technological change and varied industrial activity have left many signs of usage over a long time span. The layering effect of sequential activities has meant that building fabric and surfaces bear much unexplained evidence of previous uses. Much of this evidence is capable of only archaeological interpretation, and this fact reinforces the significance of the existing fabric and surfaces, which convey virtually as much information as the structural forms and spaces. The site therefore offers the opportunity for extensive and meaningful future archaeological investigation.[7] There is an extensive collection of moveable heritage items that provide research potential for changes in brewing and milling technology over a period of 120 years.[1]
Sierra Nevada Brewing Co. was established in 1979 by homebrewers Ken Grossman and Paul Camusi in Chico, California, United States. The brewery produced 786,000 US bbl (922,000 hl) in 2010, and as of 2016, Sierra Nevada Brewing is the seventh-largest brewing company in the United States and is the third largest privately owned brewery in the United States.
The Swan Brewery is a brewing company, whose high profile brewery was once located beside the Swan River, in Perth, Western Australia.
Hahn Brewery is a brewery that was established by Dr Charles Hahn in 1988 at an old factory site in the suburb of Camperdown in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Snape Maltings Concert Hall is an arts complex on the banks of the River Alde at Snape, Suffolk, England. It is best known as one of the main sites of the annual Aldeburgh Festival. It is now one of two headquarters for Britten Pears Arts, with the other being The Red House.
Wrexham Lager is a lager brewed in Wrexham, north-east Wales, tracing its heritage to 1881. After the original brewery's closure in 2000, the brand was revived by the Roberts family in 2011 using an older recipe.
Tooth and Co was the major brewer of beer in New South Wales, Australia. The company owned a large brewery on Broadway in Sydney from 1835 until 1985, known as the Kent Brewery. It was historically one of Australia's oldest companies, having been established as a partnership in 1835 and listed on the then Sydney Stock Exchange in July 1961. The brand has undergone a revival in 2015.
Goulburn railway station is a heritage-listed railway station on the Main South line in New South Wales, Australia. Opened on 19 May 1869, it serves the city of Goulburn. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.
The Pabst Brewery Complex, on a hill northwest of the downtown of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is the former brewery of the Pabst Brewing Company, where the company innovated to improve their beer and increase production until in 1892 it was the largest brewer of lager in the world. In 2003 the complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
The remains of Letheringsett Brewery Watermill are located in the centre of the village of Letheringsett in the county of Norfolk. The watermill of 1784 was housed within the maltings and brewery complex founded and run by John Brereton of Letheringsett Hall from before 1721. Much of this complex still stands on the south side of the A148 Cromer to King’s Lynn road, which bisects the village on an east–west axis, and on the west bank of the River Glaven, which bisects the village south–north.
A brewery or brewing company is a business that makes and sells beer. The place at which beer is commercially made is either called a brewery or a beerhouse, where distinct sets of brewing equipment are called plant. The commercial brewing of beer has taken place since at least 2500 BC; in ancient Mesopotamia, brewers derived social sanction and divine protection from the goddess Ninkasi. Brewing was initially a cottage industry, with production taking place at home; by the ninth century, monasteries and farms would produce beer on a larger scale, selling the excess; and by the eleventh and twelfth centuries larger, dedicated breweries with eight to ten workers were being built.
The Cieszyn Brewery is a historic brewery in Poland and belongs to the Felix Investments. It is the longest continuously operating brewery in Poland. The brewery is located in the border town of Cieszyn, on the Castle Hill in the Classicist palace.
Bavarian Brewing Company was a brewery established in Covington, Kentucky, in 1866 by Julius Deglow, but became known as the Bavarian Brewery around 1870. The brewery was originally located on Pike Street, but expanded to 12th Street within a decade. After John Meyer acquired the brewery in 1881, he sold an interest to William Riedlin in 1882. The company operated under the proprietorship of Meyer & Riedlin starting in 1884, before becoming incorporated as the Bavarian Brewery Co. in 1889 by William Riedlin. The company was family owned until it was acquired by International Breweries, Inc.(IBI) in 1959. However, it operated as the Bavarian Division of IBI and continued to produce its flagship beer, Bavarian's, until the facility closed in 1966. The property was placed on the National Register of Historic Places and renovated as a multipurpose complex for food, beverage and entertainment uses in 1996. It operated as the Brew Works at the Party Source and Jillian's, but closed in 2006. The former structure containing the Brew and Mill Houses, built in 1911, was repurposed into office space becoming part of the Kenton County Government Center, opening in 2019. This office complex has a Bavarian Brewery Exhibit and it is accompanied by a Bavarian Brewery website.
The Mittagong Maltings was a large three-malthouse complex first established in 1899 by the Malting Company of New South Wales, Australia, to supply malt to breweries throughout the state. The Maltings site is listed as a local council heritage item.
A tower brewery is a distinct form of brewery, identified by its external buildings being arranged in the form of a vertical tower.
William Bradford (1845-1919) was a prolific architect of breweries. Born in 1845 in Devon, son of Robert Bradford 1818-1875. Responsible for building or altering 70 breweries his first commission was a small addition to the "Hope Brewery" in East Grinstead (1879). Died at home in Surbiton on 2 February 1919.
Royal Clarence Yard in Gosport, Hampshire, England was established in 1828 as one of the Royal Navy's two principal, purpose-built, provincial victualling establishments. It was designed by George Ledwell Taylor, Civil Architect to the Navy Board and named after the then Duke of Clarence. The new victualling yard was developed on approximately 20 hectares of land, some of which was already in use as a brewing establishment at Weevil on the west shore of Portsmouth Harbour, to the north of Gosport.
Castlemaine Brewery is a heritage-listed former brewery and museum and now serviced apartments at 787 Hunter Street, Newcastle West, City of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by Oswald Lewis and built from 1874 to 1876 by Laing and Wylie under supervising architect G. H. Cox. It was later used as the Pink Elephant Markets and as the Newcastle Museum before being redeveloped as the Quest Newcastle West serviced apartments. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.
Lansdowne Park is a heritage-listed homestead at Bungonia Road, Goulburn, Goulburn Mulwaree Council, New South Wales, Australia. It was built from 1822 to 1825. It is also known as Lansdowne. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.
The Russell Hotel is a heritage-listed hotel located at 143–143a George Street, in the inner city Sydney suburb of The Rocks in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It was built in 1887. It operated as the Port Jackson Hotel until being delicensed in 1923, after which time a new Port Jackson Hotel was built further along George Street. In 1933, it became the Russell Private Hotel, providing accommodation from the upper floors. The ground floor has been leased for various uses since the original delicensing, initially as a cafe for several decades and most recently as a restaurant and bar. The property is owned by Property NSW, an agency of the Government of New South Wales. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 10 May 2002.
The ASN Hotel Building is a heritage-listed commercial building and former pub and police station located at 91 George Street, in the inner city Sydney suburb of The Rocks in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It was built in 1839 and significantly rebuilt c. 1890-91. The property is owned by Property NSW. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 10 May 2002.
Heritage Group: State Projects, NSW Department of Corrective Services (1995). Interim Heritage and Conservation Register NSW Department of Corrective Services.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
