Franklin Delano Roosevelt,commonly known as FDR,was an American statesman and politician who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. Roosevelt directed the federal government during most of the Great Depression,implementing the New Deal in response to the worst economic crisis in American history. He also built the New Deal coalition,realigning American politics into the Fifth Party System and defining American liberalism throughout the middle third of the 20th century. His third and fourth terms were dominated by World War II.
William Howard Taft was the 27th president of the United States (1909–1913) and the tenth chief justice of the United States (1921–1930),the only person to have held both offices. Taft was elected president in 1908,the chosen successor of Theodore Roosevelt,but was defeated for reelection in 1912 by Woodrow Wilson after Roosevelt split the Republican vote by running as a third-party candidate. In 1921,President Warren G. Harding appointed Taft to be chief justice,a position he held until a month before his death.
Thomas Woodrow Wilson was an American politician and academic who served as the 28th president of the United States from 1913 to 1921. A member of the Democratic Party,Wilson served as the president of Princeton University and as the governor of New Jersey before winning the 1912 presidential election. As president,Wilson changed the nation's economic policies and led the United States into World War I in 1917. He was the leading architect of the League of Nations,and his progressive stance on foreign policy came to be known as Wilsonianism.
The 1916 United States presidential election was the 33rd quadrennial presidential election,held on Tuesday,November 7,1916. Incumbent Democratic President Woodrow Wilson narrowly defeated former associate justice of the Supreme Court Charles Evans Hughes,the Republican candidate.
James Middleton Cox was an American businessman and politician who served as the 46th and 48th governor of Ohio,and a two-term U.S. Representative from Ohio. As the Democratic nominee for President of the United States at the 1920 presidential election,he lost in a landslide to fellow Ohioan Warren G. Harding. His running mate was future president Franklin D. Roosevelt. He founded the chain of newspapers that continues today as Cox Enterprises,a media conglomerate.
Josephus Daniels was an American diplomat and newspaper editor from the 1880s until his death,who controlled Raleigh's News &Observer,at the time North Carolina's largest newspaper,for decades. A Democrat,he was appointed by President Woodrow Wilson to serve as Secretary of the Navy during World War I. He became a close friend and supporter of Franklin D. Roosevelt,who served as his Assistant Secretary of the Navy and later was elected as United States president. Roosevelt appointed Daniels as his U.S. Ambassador to Mexico,serving from 1933 to 1941. Daniels was a vehement white supremacist and segregationist. Along with Charles Brantley Aycock and Furnifold McLendel Simmons,he was a leading perpetrator of the Wilmington insurrection of 1898.
Franklin Knight Lane was an American progressive politician from California. A member of the Democratic Party,he served as United States Secretary of the Interior from 1913 to 1920. He also served as a commissioner of the Interstate Commerce Commission,and was the Democratic nominee for Governor of California in 1902,losing a narrow race in what was then a heavily Republican state.
Edward Mandell House was an American diplomat,and an adviser to President Woodrow Wilson. He was known as Colonel House,although his rank was honorary and he had performed no military service. He was a highly influential back-stage politician in Texas before becoming a key supporter of the presidential bid of Wilson in 1912 by managing his campaign,beginning in July 1911. Having a self-effacing manner,he did not hold office but was an "executive agent",Wilson's chief adviser on European politics and diplomacy during World War I (1914–1918). He became a government official as one of the five American commissioners to the Paris Peace Conference of 1919. In 1919,Wilson broke with House and many other top advisers,believing they had deceived him at Paris.
Claude Gernade Bowers was a newspaper columnist and editor,author of best-selling books on American history,Democratic Party politician,and President Franklin D. Roosevelt's ambassador to Spain (1933–1939) and Chile (1939–1953). His histories of the Democratic Party in its formative years from the 1790s to the 1830s helped shape the party's self-image as a powerful force against monopoly and privilege. Bowers was a sharp critic of Republicans and their Reconstruction policies for African American voting rights and civil rights.
James Hamilton Lewis was an American attorney and politician. Sometimes referred to as J. Ham Lewis or Ham Lewis,he represented Washington in the United States House of Representatives,and Illinois in the United States Senate. He was the first to hold the title of Whip in the United States Senate.
Clyde LaVerne Herring,an American Democratic politician who served as the 26th governor of Iowa,and then one of its U.S. senators,during the last part of the Great Depression and the first part of World War II.
Joseph Edward Davies was an American lawyer and diplomat. He was appointed by President Wilson to be Commissioner of Corporations in 1912,and First Chairman of the Federal Trade Commission in 1915. He was the second Ambassador to represent the United States in the Soviet Union and U.S. Ambassador to Belgium and Luxembourg. From 1939 to 1941 Davies was Special assistant to Secretary of State Hull,in charge of War Emergency Problems and Policies. From 1942 through 1946 he was Chairman of President Roosevelt's War Relief Control Board. Ambassador Davies was Special Advisor of President Harry Truman and Secretary of State James F. Byrnes with rank of Ambassador at the Potsdam Conference in 1945.
The Banana Wars were a series of conflicts that consisted of military occupation,police action,and intervention by the United States in Central America and the Caribbean between the end of the Spanish–American War in 1898 and the inception of the Good Neighbor Policy in 1934. The military interventions were primarily carried out by the United States Marine Corps,which also developed a manual,the Small Wars Manual (1921) based on their experiences. On occasion,the United States Navy provided gunfire support and the United States Army also deployed troops.
Woodrow Wilson's tenure as the 28th president of the United States lasted from 4 March 1913 until 4 March 1921. He was largely incapacitated the last year and a half. He became president after winning the 1912 election. Wilson was a Democrat who previously served as governor of New Jersey. He gained a large majority in the electoral vote and a 42% plurality of the popular vote in a four-candidate field. Wilson was re-elected in 1916 by a narrow margin. Despite his New Jersey base,most Southern leaders worked with him as a fellow Southerner.
The presidency of William Howard Taft began on March 4,1909,when William Howard Taft was inaugurated as 27th president of the United States,and ended on March 4,1913. Taft,was a Republican from Ohio. The protégéand chosen successor of President Theodore Roosevelt,he took office after easily defeating Democrat William Jennings Bryan in the 1908 presidential election. His presidency ended with his defeat in the 1912 election by Democrat Woodrow Wilson.
Florence Jaffray "Daisy" Harriman was an American socialite,suffragist,social reformer,organizer,and diplomat. "She led one of the suffrage parades down Fifth Avenue,worked on campaigns on child labor and safe milk and,as minister to Norway in World War II,organized evacuation efforts while hiding in a forest from the Nazi invasion." In her ninety-second year,U.S. President John F. Kennedy honored her by awarding her the first "Citation of Merit for Distinguished Service." She often found herself in the middle of historic events. As she stated,"I think nobody can deny that I have always had through sheer luck a box seat at the America of my times."
Horace Greeley Knowles was an American attorney and diplomat,who served as an ambassador under three U.S. presidents between 1907 and 1913.
Frieda S. Miller was an American labor activist,government administrator and women's rights activist. She served as the Industrial Commissioner of New York from 1938 to 1942 and the director of the United States Women's Bureau from 1944 to 1953. From 1936 through the 1950s,she worked with the International Labour Organization advising on women's employment issues. In the 1960s,she served in various capacities as a delegate to the United Nations focused on issues for women and children.
The history of U.S. foreign policy from 1913–1933 covers the foreign policy of the United States during World War I and much of the Interwar period. The administrations of Presidents Woodrow Wilson,Warren G. Harding,Calvin Coolidge,and Herbert Hoover successively handled U.S. foreign policy during this period.
The presidential transition of Franklin D. Roosevelt began when he won the United States 1932 United States presidential election,becoming the president-elect of the United States,and ended when Roosevelt was inaugurated at noon EST on March 4,1933.
Order of Merit of Juan Pablo Duarte 
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