Omar Abdul Razaq or Umar Abed al-Razek (عمرعبدالرزاق) was Finance Minister of the Palestinian National Authority for part of 2006. [1] [2] He represents the Hamas organization,and was arrested by Israel in June 2006 and freed in 2008. [3] [4]
The Palestinian Authority (PA),officially known as the Palestinian National Authority or the State of Palestine,is the Fatah-controlled government body that exercises partial civil control over the Palestinian enclaves in the Israeli-occupied West Bank as a consequence of the 1993–1995 Oslo Accords. The Palestinian Authority controlled the Gaza Strip prior to the Palestinian elections of 2006 and the subsequent Gaza conflict between the Fatah and Hamas parties,when it lost control to Hamas;the PA continues to claim the Gaza Strip,although Hamas exercises de facto control. Since January 2013,following United Nations General Assembly resolution 67/19,the Palestinian Authority has used the name "State of Palestine" on official documents,without prejudice to the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) role as "representative of the Palestinian people".
This timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict lists events from 1948 to the present. The Israeli–Palestinian conflict emerged from intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine between Palestinian Jews and Arabs,often described as the background to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. The conflict in its modern phase evolved since the declaration of the State of Israel on May 14,1948 and consequent intervention of Arab armies on behalf of the Palestinian Arabs.
Marwan Barghouti is a Palestinian political leader convicted and imprisoned for his role in deadly attacks against Israel. He is regarded as a leader of the First and Second Intifadas. Barghouti at one time supported the peace process,but later became disillusioned after 2000,becoming a leader of Tanzim,a paramilitary offshoot of Fatah.
Mahmoud Abbas,also known by the kunya Abu Mazen,is a Palestinian politician who has been serving as the president of the State of Palestine and the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) since 2005. He has been the chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) since 2004,PNA president since January 2005,and State of Palestine president since May 2005. Abbas is also a member of the Fatah party and was elected chairman in 2009.
Mohammad Yusuf Dahlan is a Palestinian politician. Arrested by Israel for being involved with the Fatah Hawks—the Fatah youth movement—he subsequently helped in negotiations for the Oslo Accords,later becoming a critic of Yasser Arafat. The former leader of Fatah in the Gaza Strip,Dahlan's power there as head of the Preventive Security Force was at one time so substantial that the territory was nicknamed "Dahlanistan". Seen as a favorite by the George W. Bush administration to be Mahmoud Abbas' second-in-command,Dahlan was appointed by the latter to head the Palestinian National Security Council. An antagonist of Hamas,he participated in the Fatah–Hamas Mecca Agreement before his power began to decline after the latter gained the upper hand in the Battle of Gaza. He was controversially elected to the Central Committee of Fatah amid allegations of fraud. Living in exile in Abu Dhabi,Dahlan has,according to Foreign Policy,had a hand in facilitating the Abraham Accords.
Salam Fayyad is a Palestinian politician and economist who served as the prime minister of the Palestinian Authority and the finance minister. He was Finance Minister from June 2002 to November 2005 and from March 2007 to May 2012. Fayyad was prime minister between June 2007 and June 2013.
Aziz Dweik is a Palestinian politician of Hamas who was elected the speaker of the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC) on 18 January 2006.
Gilad Shalit is a former MIA soldier of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) who,on 25 June 2006,was captured by Palestinian militants in a cross-border raid via tunnels near the Israeli border. Hamas held him captive for over five years until his release on 18 October 2011 as part of a prisoner exchange deal.
The Fatah–Hamas conflict is an ongoing political and strategic conflict between Fatah and Hamas,the two main Palestinian political parties in the Palestinian territories,leading to the Hamas takeover of the Gaza Strip in June 2007. The reconciliation process and unification of Hamas and Fatah administrations remains unfinalized and the situation is deemed a frozen conflict.
The 2006 Gaza–Israel conflict,known in Israel as Operation Summer Rains,was a series of battles between Palestinian militants and the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) during summer 2006,prompted by the capture of Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit by Palestinian militants on 25 June 2006. Large-scale conventional warfare occurred in the Gaza Strip,starting on 28 June 2006,which was the first major ground operation in the Gaza Strip since Israel's unilateral disengagement plan was implemented between August and September 2005.
Hamas is a Palestinian nationalist and Islamic fundamentalist socio-political organization based in the Gaza Strip with an associated paramilitary force,the al-Qassam Brigades. Hamas (حماس) Ḥamās is an acronym of حركةالمقاومةالاسلاميةḤarakat al-Muqāwamat al-Islāmiyyah,meaning "Islamic Resistance Movement".
The next legislative elections in Palestine have been repeatedly postponed or cancelled. Most recently it was scheduled for 22 May 2021 according to a decree by President Mahmoud Abbas on 15 January 2021,but was indefinitely postponed on 29 April 2021.
The Gaza–Israel conflict is a localized part of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict beginning in 1948,when about 200,000 of the more than 700,000 Palestinians who fled or were expelled from their homes settled in the Gaza Strip as refugees. Since then,Israel has been involved in about 15 wars involving organizations in the Gaza Strip. The number of Palestinians killed in the Gaza war (47,000+) is higher than the death toll of all other wars in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict combined.
The future of Palestinians detained by Israel in the context of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict is considered central to progress in the Israeli–Palestinian peace process. Cases of prison sentences include the charges of terrorism or being a member of an "illegal terrorist organization",such as Hamas or prior to the Oslo Accords the Palestine Liberation Organization,but according to some accounts also by political activism such as raising a Palestinian flag.
Since 2001,Palestinian militants have launched tens of thousands of rocket and mortar attacks on Israel from the Gaza Strip as part of the continuing Israeli–Palestinian conflict. The attacks,widely condemned for targeting civilians,have been described as terrorism by the United Nations,the European Union,and Israeli officials,and are defined as war crimes by human rights groups Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch. The international community considers indiscriminate attacks on civilian targets to be illegal under international law. Palestinian militants say rocket attacks are a response to Israel's blockade of Gaza,but the Palestinian Authority has condemned them and says rocket attacks undermine peace.
Hamas has governed the Gaza Strip in Palestine since its takeover of the region from rival party Fatah in June 2007. Hamas' government was led by Ismail Haniyeh from 2007 until February 2017,when Haniyeh was replaced as leader of Hamas in the Gaza Strip by Yahya Sinwar. Until October 2024,Yahya Sinwar was the leader of Hamas in the Gaza Strip. In January 2024,due to the ongoing Israel–Hamas war,Israel said that Hamas lost control of most of the northern part of the Gaza Strip. In May 2024,Hamas regrouped in the north.
The Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC) is the unicameral legislature of the Palestinian Authority,elected by the Palestinian residents of the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and Gaza Strip. It currently comprises 132 members,elected from 16 electoral districts of the Palestinian Authority. The PLC has a quorum requirement of two-thirds,and since 2006 Hamas and Hamas-affiliated members have held 74 of the 132 seats in the PLC. The PLC's activities were suspended in 2007 and remained so as of November 2023,while PLC committees continue working at a low rate and parliamentary panel discussions are still occurring.
Ismail Haniyeh was a Palestinian politician who served as chairman of the Hamas Political Bureau from May 2017 until his assassination in July 2024. He also served as prime minister of the Palestinian National Authority from March 2006 until June 2014 and Hamas leader in the Gaza Strip from June 2007 until February 2017,where he was succeeded by Yahya Sinwar.
A series of attempts to resolve the hostility between Fatah and Hamas have been made since their 2006–2007 conflict and the subsequent violent conflict over the Gaza Strip.
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