"On Cooperation" is one of the last works of Vladimir Lenin. It was written on January 6, 1923. First published in the "Way of Truth" newspaper, in issues 115 and 116, on May 26 and 27, 1923.
When working on the article, Vladimir Lenin used a number of books on cooperation. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]
In this article, Lenin emphasizes the great importance of cooperation in a multistructure economy in the country with a predominance of peasant population. He points out that cooperation allows to achieve:
...the degree of combination of private interest, private commercial interest, the verification and control of it by the state, the degree of subordination to its common interests, which used to be a stumbling block for many, many socialists. [8]
Lenin believed that cooperation would allow the peasantry to transition to socialism in a simpler and easier way.
It is emphasized that in a mixed economy under the dictatorship of the proletariat, cooperative enterprises mean an important step from private capitalist enterprises to socialist ones. To develop cooperation, it is proposed to provide cooperative enterprises with various benefits, as well as to raise the cultural level of the peasantry in every way. The Leninist concept of a mixed economy is formulated:
And the system of civilized cooperators with public ownership of the means of production, with the class victory of the proletariat over the bourgeoisie – this is the system of socialism. [9]
Lenin's ideas about the cooperation of the peasantry formed the basis of the resolution of the 13th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) "On Cooperation" and "On Work in the Village". [10]
Alexander Yakovlev notes that in this article, a different point of view was expressed from the views of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels on the way of combining personal interest with the public, since Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels were opposed to the ideas of the old cooperators (Fourier, Considerant, Saint-Simon). [11]
Roy Medvedev notes that the Leninist principles of voluntariness and gradualism in the co-operation of the peasantry were grossly violated by Joseph Stalin during collectivization, which caused enormous economic and moral damage. [12]
Leninism is a political ideology developed by Russian Marxist revolutionary Vladimir Lenin that proposes the establishment of the dictatorship of the proletariat led by a revolutionary vanguard party as the political prelude to the establishment of communism. Lenin's ideological contributions to the Marxist ideology relate to his theories on the party, imperialism, the state, and revolution. The function of the Leninist vanguard party is to provide the working classes with the political consciousness and revolutionary leadership necessary to depose capitalism.
Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin was a Russian revolutionary, Soviet politician, and Marxist theorist. A prolific author on economic theory, Bukharin was a prominent Bolshevik and was active in the leadership of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1917 until his purge in the 1930s.
Titoism is a socialist political philosophy most closely associated with Josip Broz Tito during the Cold War. It is characterized by a broad Yugoslav identity, socialist workers' self-management, a political separation from the Soviet Union, and leadership in the Non-Aligned Movement.
Lenin's Mausoleum, also known as Lenin's Tomb, is a mausoleum located at Red Square in Moscow, Russia. It serves as the resting place of Soviet leader Vladimir Lenin, whose preserved body has been on public display since shortly after his death in 1924, with rare exceptions in wartime. The outdoor tribune over the mausoleum's entrance was used by Soviet leaders to observe military parades. The structure, designed by Alexey Shchusev, incorporates some elements from ancient mausoleums such as the Step Pyramid, the Tomb of Cyrus the Great and, to some degree, the Temple of the Inscriptions.
Slavic folklore encompasses the folklore of the Slavic peoples from their earliest records until today. Folklorists have published a variety of works focused specifically on the topic over the years.
The Moscow Canal, named the Moskva–Volga Canal until 1947, is a canal in Russia that connects the Moskva (river) with the Volga River. It is located in Moscow itself and in the Moscow Oblast. The canal connects to the Moskva River in Tushino, from which it runs approximately north to meet the Volga River in the town of Dubna, just upstream of the dam of the Ivankovo Reservoir. The length of the canal is 128.1 kilometres (79.6 mi).
Andrei Sergeyevich Bubnov was a Russian Bolshevik revolutionary leader, one of Bolshevik leaders in Ukraine, Soviet politician and military leader and member of the Left Opposition.
Kazan Cathedral, formally known as the "Cathedral of Our Lady of Kazan", is a Russian Orthodox church located on the northwest corner of Red Square in Moscow, Russia. The current building is a reconstruction of the original church, which was destroyed on the orders of Joseph Stalin in 1936.
NEPmen were businesspeople in the early Soviet Union, who took advantage of the opportunities for private trade and small-scale manufacturing provided under the New Economic Policy. The famine of 1921–1922 epitomized the adverse effects of war communism, and to mitigate those effects, Vladimir Lenin instituted the NEP, which encouraged private buying and selling, with people even being encouraged to "enrich yourselves", as one Bolshevik leader, Nikolai Bukharin, put it. However, many Bolsheviks saw the policy as "a step backwards". That included Lenin himself, who defended the measure as "taking one step backward to take two steps forward later on".
Vladimir Viktorovich Adoratsky was a Russian revolutionary, Soviet historian, academic and Marxist philosopher.
Marx/Engels Collected Works is the largest existing collection of English translations of works by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Its 50 volumes contain publications by Marx and Engels released during their lifetimes, many unpublished manuscripts of Marx's economic writings, and extensive personal correspondence. The Collected Works, for the most part compiled by the Institute of Marxism-Leninism of the CC CPSU, was issued from 1975 to 2004 by Progress Publishers in collaboration with Lawrence and Wishart and International Publishers.
Nikolai Pavlovich Glebov-Avilov was a prominent Bolshevik revolutionary and the first People's Commissar of Posts and Telegraphs. He was executed during the Great Purge.
Mikhail Tugan-Baranovsky was a Ukrainian economist, politician, statesman. He is remembered as one of the founders of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and one of the earliest Ukrainian ministers of finances in the Vynnychenko's General Secretariat of the Central Council of Ukraine. In professional circles he is remembered as a leading exponent of Legal Marxism in the Tsarist Russian Empire and was the author of numerous works dealing with the theory of value, the distribution of a social revenue, history of managerial development, and fundamentals of cooperative managerial activities.
Yuri Nikolayevich Zhukov was a Russian historian and researcher at the Institute of Russian History at the Russian Academy of Sciences. Zhukov published several books that glorify Joseph Stalin, such as Renaissance of Stalin and Handbook of a Stalinist.
The Gum basilica is a three-aisled, domed Albanian temple of the 6–7th centuries, located in the Gum village of the Gakh district of Azerbaijan. In the scientific literature, the temple is called a basilica,. Has typological similarities with some earlier temples in Armenia and Georgia
Socialism in one country was a Soviet state policy to strengthen socialism within the country rather than socialism globally. Given the defeats of the 1917–1923 European communist revolutions, Joseph Stalin encouraged the theory of the possibility of constructing socialism in the Soviet Union. The theory was eventually adopted as Soviet state policy.
Russian State University of Physical Education, Sport, Youth and Tourism (SCOLIPE) is a university in Moscow, founded in 1918.
Vladimir Georgiyevich Helfreich or Gelfreikh was a Soviet and Russian architect, teacher, professor.
Prison of peoples or prison of nations is a phrase first used by Vladimir Lenin in 1914. He applied it to Russia, describing the national policy of that time. The idea of calling Russia a prison is based on Marquis de Custine's book La Russie en 1839.
Note: Except where otherwise stated, the date is that on which the individual was executed by shooting.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link){{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link){{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link){{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link){{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link){{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link){{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)