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Opera is a form of theatre in which music is a fundamental component and dramatic roles are taken by singers. Such a "work" is typically a collaboration between a composer and a librettist and incorporates a number of the performing arts, such as acting, scenery, costume, and sometimes dance or ballet. The performance is typically given in an opera house, accompanied by an orchestra or smaller musical ensemble, which since the early 19th century has been led by a conductor. Although musical theatre is closely related to opera, the two are considered to be distinct from one another.
A libretto is the text used in, or intended for, an extended musical work such as an opera, operetta, masque, oratorio, cantata or musical. The term libretto is also sometimes used to refer to the text of major liturgical works, such as the Mass, requiem and sacred cantata, or the story line of a ballet.
An opera house is a theater building used for performances of opera. Like many theaters, it usually includes a stage, an orchestra pit, audience seating, backstage facilities for costumes and building sets, as well as offices for the institution's administration.
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1808.
The Netherlands has multiple musical traditions. Contemporary Dutch popular music is heavily influenced by music styles that emerged in the 1950s, in the United Kingdom and United States. The style is sung in both Dutch and English. Some of the latter exponents, such as Golden Earring and Shocking Blue, have attained worldwide fame.
Opera seria is an Italian musical term which refers to the noble and "serious" style of Italian opera that predominated in Europe from the 1710s to about 1770. The term itself was rarely used at the time and only attained common usage once opera seria was becoming unfashionable and beginning to be viewed as something of a historical genre. The popular rival to opera seria was opera buffa, the 'comic' opera that took its cue from the improvisatory commedia dell'arte.
The Opéra de Monte-Carlo is an opera house which is part of the Monte Carlo Casino located in the Principality of Monaco.
Opera in German is that of the German-speaking countries, which include Germany, Austria, and the historic German states that pre-date those countries.
Teatro Regio di Parma, originally constructed as the Nuovo Teatro Ducale, is an opera house and opera company in Parma, Italy.
Grand opera is a genre of 19th-century opera generally in four or five acts, characterized by large-scale casts and orchestras. The original productions consisted of spectacular design and stage effects with plots normally based on or around dramatic historic events. The term is particularly applied to certain productions of the Paris Opéra from the late 1820s to around 1860; 'grand opéra' has sometimes been used to denote the Paris Opéra itself.
Willem Frederik Johannes Pijper was a Dutch composer, music critic and music teacher. Pijper is considered to be among the most important Dutch composers of the first half of the 20th century.
Psyché is an opera in a prologue and five acts composed by Jean-Baptiste Lully to a libretto by Thomas Corneille. Based on the love story of Cupid and Psyche, Psyché was premiered on April 19, 1678 by the Académie Royale de Musique at the Théâtre du Palais-Royal in Paris.
Theatres for diverse musical and dramatic presentations began to open in Naples, Italy, in the mid-16th century as part of the general Spanish cultural and political expansion into the kingdom of Naples, which had just become a vicerealm of Spain. None of the early theaters still function as such, having been replaced by later facilities from the mid-18th century onwards. Neapolitan theatres first built in the 16th and 17th centuries include:
Heer Halewijn is a Dutch folk tale which survives in folk ballad. Although the first printed version of the song only appears in an anthology published in 1848, the ballad itself is first written down in the 13th century but dates back to pre-Christian times and is one of the oldest Dutch folk songs with ancient subject matter to be recorded. The story of lord Halewijn itself is even older and contains elements going back to Carolingian times. Many of its mythemes range back to Germanic pre-Christian legends.
Comédie-Italienne or Théâtre-Italien are French names which have been used to refer to Italian-language theatre and opera when performed in France.
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The Teatro San Moisè was a theatre and opera house in Venice, active from 1620 to 1818. It was in a prominent location near the Palazzo Giustinian and the church of San Moisè at the entrance to the Grand Canal.
The Staatstheater Mainz is a theatre in Mainz, Germany, which is owned and operated by the state of Rhineland-Palatinate. Situated on the Gutenbergplatz, the complex comprises two theatres which are connected by an underground passage and also by skywalk. Performances of opera, drama and ballet are presented. Its name was Stadttheater Mainz until 1989.
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References
Notes
- ↑ Freddie M. Stockdale, Martin R. Dreyer, The Opera Guide, 1990, p. 2: "The nearest equivalent to the first opera in Dutch was Carolus Hacquart's De Triomfeerende Min, written to celebrate the Peace of Nijmegen in 1678, but in fact it is only incidental music created for a play by Dirk Buysero and belongs to the realm of melodrama. By the end of the 17th century sporadic attempts by Hendrik Anders and Servaas de Kunink to develop opera in Dutch petered out , when the French and Italian repertory took hold."
- ↑ Key Notes 1984, volumes 19–22, p. viii: Theo Loevendie explaining why his opera is to an English libretto: "You have to choose a language which gives you the greatest scope as a composer. Pijper's Halewijn has always remained the most abominable example of an opera in Dutch to my way of thinking.' Loevendie says that he has always had an ambivalent attitude towards opera as a medium , but after writing music for Shakespeare's Venus and Adonis and Andersen's Nightingale he had the feeling that he couldn't let the challenge of writing a full - scale opera pass him by."[ full citation needed ]
- ↑ Zietz & Lynn 1999 , p. [ page needed ]: "After the war, De Nederlandsche Opera gevestigd te Amsterdam, under Paul Cronheim, began producing opera in Dutch at the Stadsschouwburg. The company opened on September 17, 1946, with Verdi's La traviata , followed by Rigoletto ..."
- ↑ Zietz & Lynn 1999 , p. 44: "In 1920, the Flanders Opera added 'royal' to its name. After 1933, operas from the French and Italian repertories were added to the schedule, but all works were sung in Dutch until the end of the 1970s."
- ↑ "Legende, Netherlands Opera, Amsterdam" by Shirley Apthorp, Financial Times , 3 February 2011
Sources
- Zietz, Karyl Lynn; Lynn, Karyl Charna (1999). Opera Companies and Houses of Western Europe, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand (3rd, illustrated ed.). McFarland. ISBN 9780786406111.
