USS Ormsby (APA-49), lead ship of the Ormsby class | |
Class overview | |
---|---|
Name | Ormsby class |
Builders | Moore Dry Dock |
Operators | United States Navy |
Preceded by | Windsor class |
Succeeded by | Bayfield class |
In commission | 28 June 1943 – 15 March 1946 |
Completed | 3 |
Active | None |
General characteristics | |
Class and type | Ormsby-class attack transport |
Displacement | 7,300 tons (lt), 13,910 t. (fl) |
Length | 459 ft 3 in (139.98 m) |
Beam | 63 ft (19 m) |
Draft | 24 ft (7.3 m) |
Propulsion | 1 x General Electric geared drive turbine, 2 x Foster-Wheeler D-type boilers, 1 x propeller, designed shaft horsepower 6,000 |
Speed | 16 - 16.5 knots |
Capacity | Troops: Officer 83-91 Enlisted 1,465-1475 Cargo: 150,000 cu ft, 2,700 tons |
Complement | 42-46 officers, 478 enlisted |
Armament | 2 x 5"/38 caliber dual-purpose gun mounts, 2 x Bofors 40mm gun mounts, 4 x twin 20mm gun, 12 - 18 x 20mm single gun mounts. |
Notes | MCV hull type C2-S-B1 |
The Ormsby-class attack transport was a class of US Navy attack transport that saw service in World War II.
Like all attack transports, the purpose of the Ormsbys was to transport troops and their equipment to hostile shores in order to execute amphibious invasions using an array of smaller assault boats integral to the attack transport itself. Like all the attack transports, the Ormsby class was well armed with antiaircraft weaponry to protect itself and its cargo of troops from air attack in the battle zone.
The Ormsby class began as a class of Navy transport ships (classification AP). Like many other transports, they were redesignated attack transports (APA) on 1 February 1943, the date on which the Navy formalized its separate classification of transport vessels into ordinary transports and attack transports.
The three ships of the Ormsby class were based on the Maritime Commission's ubiquitous (328 total) Type C2 merchant/auxiliary hull (specifically, the C2-S-B1 type). This was a pre-war merchant ship hull type which had been specifically designed with prospective Naval auxiliary service in mind.
The three ships of the Ormsby class were laid down in rapid succession in July–August 1942 by the Moore Dry Dock Company of Oakland, California, and commissioned within a month of one another in June–July 1943. The period of time from the laying of the keels to commissioning therefore, was about 12 months for each ship - a fairly average timespan for C-Type vessels converted to warships.
Each of the ships was armed with two 5"/38 caliber dual-purpose guns, two Bofors 40mm guns, and from 16 to 22 20mm guns. The 20mm gun would eventually prove to be of limited use against air attack and later attack transport classes were fitted with more 40mm weapons instead. The ships had a good balance of troop and cargo capacity.
The Ormsby-class vessels were deployed exclusively in the Pacific Theatre. The ships saw action from the Gilbert Islands campaign to the final battle against the Japanese at Okinawa. Having earned six battle stars apiece, they were employed after hostilities in redeploying occupation troops to the newly conquered Japanese home islands and to other locations formerly occupied by the Japanese, such as parts of China and Korea. They were then used in Operation Magic Carpet, the giant sealift organized to bring demobilizing American servicemen back home to the United States.
All three ships were decommissioned in March–April 1946, and eventually sold or chartered into commercial service. All three were scrapped in 1969, two of them, coincidentally, after suffering accidents that same year. The three vessels in the class thus enjoyed remarkably parallel careers over the course of a service life spanning approximately 26 years.
USS Bellatrix (AK-20/AKA-3) was an Arcturus-class attack cargo ship in the United States Navy during World War II and the Korean War. Originally ordered as a C2-T cargo ship named Raven for the Maritime Commission, the vessel was transferred to United States Navy control while under construction and launched in August 1941.
Amphibious cargo ships were U.S. Navy ships designed specifically to carry troops, heavy equipment and supplies in support of amphibious assaults, and to provide naval gunfire support during those assaults. A total of 108 of these ships were built between 1943 and 1945—which worked out to an average of one ship every eight days. Six additional AKAs, featuring new and improved designs, were built in later years. They were originally called Attack Cargo Ships and designated AKA. In 1969, they were renamed as Amphibious Cargo Ships and redesignated LKA.
Attack transport is a United States Navy ship classification for a variant of ocean-going troopship adapted to transporting invasion forces ashore. Unlike standard troopships – often drafted from the merchant fleet – that rely on either a quay or tenders, attack transports carry their own fleet of landing craft, such as the landing craft, vehicle, personnel (LCVP) or Higgins boat.
Haskell-class attack transports (APA) were amphibious assault ships of the United States Navy created in 1944. They were designed to transport 1,500 troops and their combat equipment, and land them on hostile shores with the ships' integral landing craft.
The Tolland-class attack cargo ships were built by North Carolina Shipbuilding Co. in Wilmington, North Carolina during the latter stages of World War II.
The Arcturus-class attack cargo ships were converted from other ship types by Sun Shipbuilding & Drydock Co. in Chester, Pennsylvania, Tampa Shipbuilding Co. in Tampa, Florida, and Federal Shipbuilding & Drydock Co. in Kearny, New Jersey, during World War II.
USS La Grange (APA-124) was a Haskell-class attack transport in service with the United States Navy from 1944 to 1945. She was scrapped in 1975.
USS Mifflin (APA-207) was a Haskell-class attack transport in service with the United States Navy from 1944 to 1946. She was scrapped in 1975.
The Gilliam-class attack transport was a class of attack transport built for service with the US Navy in World War II.
The Bayfield-class attack transport was a class of US Navy attack transports that were built during World War II.
USS Menifee (APA-202) was a Haskell-class attack transport that saw service with the US Navy in World War II and the Korean War.
The Sumter-class attack transport was a class of attack transport built for service with the US Navy in World War II.
The Frederick Funston-class attack transport was a class of two US Navy attack transports. They saw service in World War II and later in the Korean War.
The Windsor-class attack transport was a class of nine US Navy attack transports. Ships of the class saw service in World War II.
The Crescent City-class attack transport was a class of U.S. Navy attack transports that saw service in World War II and the Korean War. There were four ships in the class: USS Crescent City, USS Charles Carroll, USS Monrovia, and USS Calvert.
The Harris-class attack transport was a class of US Navy attack transport which saw service in World War II. The purpose of any attack transport was to deliver troops and their equipment to hostile shores in order to execute amphibious invasions using an array of smaller integral landing craft. Being intended to serve in forward combat areas, these ships were well armed with antiaircraft guns to protect itself and its vulnerable cargo of troops from air attack in the battle zone.
The McCawley-class attack transport was a class of US Navy attack transport built in 1928 that saw service in World War II.
The President Jackson-class attack transport was a class of seven US Navy attack transport that saw service in World War II.
The Arthur Middleton-class attack transport was a class of three US Navy attack transport that saw most of its service in World War II. Ships of the class were named after signatories of the American Declaration of Independence.
The Doyen-class attack transport was a class of two attack transports that saw service with the US Navy in World War II. Ships of the class were named after generals of the United States Marine Corps.
See the individual DANFS ship entries (APA numbers 49, 50 and 51) in the DANFS Online amphibious ship index.