Ouvrage Saint Ours Haut

Last updated
Ouvrage Saint Ours Haut
Part of Maginot Line, Alpine Line
Meyronnes, Southeast France
LigneMaginotStOursHautEntree.jpg
St. Ours Haut entry block
France location map-Regions and departements-2016.svg
Red pog.svg
Ouvrage Saint Ours Haut
Coordinates 44°28′36″N6°49′02″E / 44.47663°N 6.81723°E / 44.47663; 6.81723
Site information
Controlled byFrance
Open to
the public
Yes
Site history
In usePreserved
MaterialsConcrete, steel, rock excavation
Battles/wars Italian invasion of France, Second Battle of the Alps
Ouvrage Saint Ours Haut
Type of work:Large artillery work (Gros ouvrage)
sector
└─sub-sector
Fortified Sector of the Dauphiné, Vallée de l'Ubaye
└─Ubaye-Ubayette, Quartier Meyronnes
Regiment:Batailllon Alpin de Fortresse, 162nd Régiment d'Artillerie de Position
Number of blocks:5
Strength:11 officers, 233 men

Ouvrage Saint Ours Haut is a work (gros ouvrage) of the Maginot Line's Alpine extension, the Alpine Line, also known as the Little Maginot Line. The ouvrage consists of one infantry block, one artillery block, two observation blocks and one combination block in the vicinity of the Col de Larche. It is located on the territory of the commune of Meyronnes. [1] Construction began in March 1931, at a cost of 15.1 million francs. [2]

Contents

The bulk of the subterranean galleries lie between Blocks 1 and 2, with branches running out to 3, 4 and 5. [3]

Description

History

See Fortified Sector of the Dauphiné for a broader discussion of the Dauphiné sector of the Alpine Line.

As Italian troops of the Forli Division advanced into France on 24 June 1940, they were bombarded by Saint Ours Haut's 75mm guns and 81mm mortars, supported by fire from Roche Lacroix, stopping the advance. [9] Saint Ours Haut fired 92 shots from the guns and 379 shots from the mortars. The armistice of 25 June brought fighting to an end. [10]

After the 1940 armistice, Italian forces occupied the Alpine ouvrages and disarmed them. In August 1943, southern France was occupied by the German 19th Army and Italian Alpini, which took over many of the Alpine positions that had been occupied by the Italians until Italy's withdrawal from the war in September 1943.

In 1945, the Germans evacuated Saint Ours Haut during the night of 22 April, leaving it free to be occupied the following day by Free French forces. [11] Immediately after the war, the Alpine region was regarded as an area of medium priority for restoration and reuse by the military. By the 1950s the positions in the Southeast of France were restored and operational again. However, by 1960, with France's acquisition of nuclear weapons, the cost and effectiveness of the Maginot system was called into question. Between 1964 and 1971 nearly all of the Maginot fortifications were deactivated. [12]

Present condition

Saint-Ours-Haut is under restoration and may be visited, as part of the Museum of WSaint-Ours-Bas. [13]

See also

Related Research Articles

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Ouvrage Saint-Gobain

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Ouvrage Saint-Antoine

Ouvrage Saint-Antoine is a work of the Maginot Line's Alpine extension, the Alpine Line. The ouvrage consists of one entry block, one infantry block and one artillery block overlooking Modane on the way to the Col du Mont Cenis. Ouvrage Saint-Gobain is just to the north, across the mountain valley. Saint-Antoine overlooks the approaches to the Fréjus Rail Tunnel and was part of an ensemble of forts, including Saint-Gobain, Ouvrage Sapey and Fort du Replaton that guarded the French end of the tunnel and the descent from the Mont Cenis pass.

Ouvrage Le Lavoir

Ouvrage Le Lavoir Is a work of the Maginot Line's Alpine extension, the Alpine Line, also called the Little Maginot Line. The ouvrage consists of two entry blocks, one infantry block, three artillery blocks and one observation block 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) south of Modane, France, guarding the Col de Fréjus. The surface barracks at Le Lavoir were connected to Charmaix by an aerial tram.

Ouvrage Pas du Roc

Ouvrage Pas du Roc is a work of the Maginot Line's Alpine extension, the Alpine Line. The ouvrage consists of one entry blocks, one infantry block, two artillery blocks and one observation block 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) south of Modane and 1.6 kilometres (0.99 mi) east of Ouvrage Le Lavoir in the vicinity of the Col de Fréjus. The position was incomplete at the outbreak of war in 1940.

Ouvrage Roche-la-Croix

Ouvrage Roche-la-Croix is a work of the Maginot Line's Alpine extension, the Alpine Line, also known as the Little Maginot Line. The ouvrage consists of one entry block, two infantry blocks, one artillery block and two observation blocks in the vicinity of the Col de Larche. An aerial tram was provided for better access. The position is located at the top of a sheer escarpment that dominates Meyronnes and the valley of the Ubayette.

Ouvrage Saint Ours Nord-est is a lesser work of the Maginot Line's Alpine extension, the Alpine Line. The ouvrage consists of two infantry blocks. The associated underground support galleries are arranged with a short gallery connecting Blocks 1 and 2, with parallel stubs at Block 2. While it is listed in some sources as an ouvrage owing to its construction by CORF, it is more like an infantry abri or shelter.

Ouvrage Restefond

Ouvrage Restefond is a work of the Maginot Line's Alpine extension, the Alpine Line. The ouvrage consists of one artillery block and three observation blocks at the summit of the Col de la Bonnette. The entry block and an artillery block were not completed, and a further block was never built. At 2,733 metres (8,967 ft), Restefond is the highest Maginot ouvrage.

Ouvrage La Moutière part of the Maginot Line in southeastern France

Ouvrage La Moutière is a lesser work of the Maginot Line's Alpine extension, the Alpine Line at an altitude of 2440 meters. The ouvrage consists of one entry block, one infantry block and one observation block, with an unarmed exit block. The ouvrage supported the Ouvrage Restefond on the crest of the pass, guarding its southern flank. It also covered the Col de la Barcelonnette to the north. The position was built between 1931 and 1935.

Ouvrage Rimplas

Ouvrage Rimplas is a work of the Maginot Line's Alpine extension, the Alpine Line, known also as the Little Maginot Line. The ouvrage consists of one entry block, two infantry blocks and three artillery blocks at an altitude of 986 metres (3,235 ft). It was the first ouvrage of any portion of the Maginot Line to be completed, in 1928. The ouvrage features an aerial tram entrance.

Ouvrage Gordolon

Ouvrage Gordolon is a work of the Maginot Line's Alpine extension, the Alpine Line, also known as the Little Maginot Line. The ouvrage consists of one and two infantry blocks at an altitude of 728 metres (2,388 ft). Gordolon was built by Borie contractors at a cost of 21.4 million francs. Work started in November 1931 and was completed in April 1934.

Ouvrage Flaut

Ouvrage Flaut is a work of the Maginot Line's Alpine extension, the Alpine Line, also called the Little Maginot Line. The ouvrage consists of one entry block, one infantry block and one artillery block at an altitude of 771 metres (2,530 ft). The position was intended, acting with Ouvrage Gordolon, to stop an approach by Italian forces from the north towards Nice through the Vésibie Valley.

Ouvrage Plan Caval

Ouvrage Plan Caval is a lesser work of the Maginot Line's Alpine extension, the Alpine Line, also known as the Little Maginot Line. The ouvrage consists of two infantry blocks and one observation block facing Italy. The ouvrage is located on the heights of L'Authion, surrounded by older fortifications. Three additional blocks were planned to make it a gros ouvrage but were not built. Cost for the full ensemble was estimated at 23 million francs.

Ouvrage Col de Brouis

Ouvrage Col de Brouis is a work of the Maginot Line's Alpine extension, the Alpine Line, also known as the Little Maginot Line. The ouvrage consists of one entry block and two artillery blocks facing Italy at an altitude of 871 metres (2,858 ft). The ouvrage is located about one kilometer north of Monte Grosso. It was placed to control the Col de Brouis and the D 2204 road between the Breil and Sospel.

Ouvrage Monte Grosso

Ouvrage Monte Grosso is a work of the Maginot Line's Alpine extension, the Alpine Line, also known as the Little Maginot Line. The ouvrage consists of one entry block, four artillery blocks and two observation blocks facing Italy. It was the largest ouvrage in the Alps It is part of the fortifications surrounding Sospel, which protect the approaches to Nice from the north.

Ouvrage Saint-Roch

Ouvrage Saint-Roch is a work of the Maginot Line's Alpine extension, the Alpine Line, also known as the Little Maginot Line. Small for a gros ouvrages, the ouvrage consists of one entry block, one artillery block and two observation blocks overlooking Sospel at an altitude of 426 metres (1,398 ft). The position is located just to the southwest of Sospel, its entrance block in a narrow valley and the artillery block on the other side of the ridge overlooking Sospel. The ouvrage is laid out along a single line, with the entry block to the rear, immediately followed by the usine, with barracks farther along and Blocks 2 and 3 at intervals. The position's main armament is concentrated in Block 4, a massive blockhouse designed to protect against rockfalls from higher up the mountain.

Ouvrage Castillon

Ouvrage Castillon is a work of the Maginot Line's Alpine extension, the Alpine Line, also called the Little Maginot Line. The ouvrage consists of one entry block, two infantry blocks, and two artillery blocks in a narrow ridge just to the west of Castillon, Alpes-Maritimes. It was built on the original site of Castillon, destroyed by an earthquake in 1887. It is the next gros ouvrage in the line to the north of Ouvrage Sainte-Agnès, and is within firing range of the Mediterranean coastline.

Ouvrage Roquebrune

Ouvrage Roquebrune is a work of the Maginot Line's Alpine extension, the Alpine Line. The ouvrage consists of one entry block, two artillery blocks and one observation block facing Italy. The fortification is located on the heights behind Roquebrune at an elevation of 321 meters overlooking Cap Martin and the bays of Roquebrune and Menton. The ouvrage was manned by 293 men of the 58th Demi-Brigade Alpin de Forteresse (DBAF), supported by the 157th Régiment d'Artillerie de Position (RAP), under the command of Captain Gayot.

References

  1. Haute Ubaye, "Patrimoine fortifié" (in French)
  2. Mary, Tome 4 - La fortification alpine, p. 29
  3. Mary, Tome 5, p. 32
  4. Puelinckx, Jean; Aublet, Jean-Louis; Mainguin, Sylvie (2010). "Saint-Ours (go haut de) Bloc 1". Index de la Ligne Maginot (in French). fortiff.be. Retrieved 2 February 2010.
  5. Puelinckx, Jean; et al. (2010). "Saint-Ours (go haut de) Bloc 2". Index de la Ligne Maginot (in French). fortiff.be. Retrieved 2 February 2010.
  6. Puelinckx, Jean; et al. (2010). "Saint-Ours (go haut de) Bloc 3". Index de la Ligne Maginot (in French). fortiff.be. Retrieved 2 February 2010.
  7. Puelinckx, Jean; et al. (2010). "Saint-Ours (go haut de) Bloc 4". Index de la Ligne Maginot (in French). fortiff.be. Retrieved 2 February 2010.
  8. Puelinckx, Jean; et al. (2010). "Saint-Ours (go haut de) Bloc 5". Index de la Ligne Maginot (in French). fortiff.be. Retrieved 2 February 2010.
  9. Kaufmann 2006, p. 178
  10. Mary, Tome 5, p. 106
  11. Mary, Tome 5, p.150
  12. Mary, Tome 5, pp.164-175
  13. Kaufmann 2011, pp. 264-264

Bibliography