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Alexander of Aphrodisias was a Peripatetic philosopher and the most celebrated of the Ancient Greek commentators on the writings of Aristotle. He was a native of Aphrodisias in Caria and lived and taught in Athens at the beginning of the 3rd century, where he held a position as head of the Peripatetic school. He wrote many commentaries on the works of Aristotle, extant are those on the Prior Analytics, Topics, Meteorology, Sense and Sensibilia, and Metaphysics. Several original treatises also survive, and include a work On Fate, in which he argues against the Stoic doctrine of necessity; and one On the Soul. His commentaries on Aristotle were considered so useful that he was styled, by way of pre-eminence, "the commentator".
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Aristotelianism is a philosophical tradition inspired by the work of Aristotle, usually characterized by deductive logic and an analytic inductive method in the study of natural philosophy and metaphysics. It covers the treatment of the social sciences under a system of natural law. It answers why-questions by a scheme of four causes, including purpose or teleology, and emphasizes virtue ethics. Aristotle and his school wrote tractates on physics, biology, metaphysics, logic, ethics, aesthetics, poetry, theatre, music, rhetoric, psychology, linguistics, economics, politics, and government. Any school of thought that takes one of Aristotle's distinctive positions as its starting point can be considered "Aristotelian" in the widest sense. This means that different Aristotelian theories may not have much in common as far as their actual content is concerned besides their shared reference to Aristotle.
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James G. Lennox is an emeritus professor in the Department of History and Philosophy of Science at the University of Pittsburgh, United States, with secondary appointments in the departments of Classics and Philosophy. He is a leader in the study of Aristotelian science in light of his groundbreaking work on Aristotle's biology and philosophy of biology. In particular, Lennox's work in the 1980s catalyzed a renewed interest in Aristotle's biology by arguing that his natural historical works are consistent with and even demonstrative of the scientific methodology he lays out in the Posterior Analytics. Lennox's work on teleology in the history of biology, particularly in the thought of Charles Darwin, has also been influential.
James Francis Ross was an American philosopher. James Ross, a creative thinker in philosophy of religion, law, metaphysics and philosophy of mind, was a member of the Philosophy Department at the University of Pennsylvania from 1962 until his death. He published widely.
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May Sim is an American philosopher and professor of philosophy at College of the Holy Cross. She is a former president of the Metaphysical Society of America (2013). She is noted for her comparative studies of Confucian and Aristotelian ethics. She was influenced by Alasdair MacIntyre, who supervised her doctoral dissertation at Vanderbilt University.
Adriane Allison Rini is an academic and professor of philosophy at Massey University in New Zealand. Her research interests include Aristotelian logic, modal logic, and the history of logic.
In the philosophy of mathematics, Aristotelian realism holds that mathematics studies properties such as symmetry, continuity and order that can be immanently realized in the physical world. It contrasts with Platonism in holding that the objects of mathematics, such as numbers, do not exist in an "abstract" world but can be physically realized. It contrasts with nominalism, fictionalism, and logicism in holding that mathematics is not about mere names or methods of inference or calculation but about certain real aspects of the world.
Christopher Bruell is an American philosopher and Emeritus Professor of Political Science at Boston College. He is known for his works on ancient Greek philosophy.
References
- ↑ "About the Metaphysical Society". www.metaphysicalsociety.org.
- ↑ "Owen Goldin". Marquette University.
- ↑ Gerson, Lloyd P. (February 1, 1997). "Owen Goldin, "Explaining an Eclipse: Aristotle's Posterior Analytics 2.1-10." (Review)". Philosophy in Review. 17 (1): 39–41. ISSN 1920-8936.
- ↑ McKirahan, Richard (June 1, 1997). "Explaining an Eclipse: Aristotle's Posterior Analytics 2.1-10. Owen Goldin". Isis. 88 (2): 330–331. doi:10.1086/383709. ISSN 0021-1753.
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