In computer networking, peering is a voluntary interconnection of administratively separate Internet networks for the purpose of exchanging traffic between the "down-stream" users of each network. Peering is settlement-free, also known as "bill-and-keep" or "sender keeps all", meaning that neither party pays the other in association with the exchange of traffic; instead, each derives and retains revenue from its own customers.
Internet exchange points are common grounds of IP networking, allowing participant Internet service providers (ISPs) to exchange data destined for their respective networks. IXPs are generally located at places with preexisting connections to multiple distinct networks, i.e., datacenters, and operate physical infrastructure (switches) to connect their participants. Organizationally, most IXPs are each independent not-for-profit associations of their constituent participating networks. The primary alternative to IXPs is private peering, where ISPs directly connect their networks to each other.
In telecommunications networks, a node is either a redistribution point or a communication endpoint.
LyonIX is the Internet eXchange point (IXP) of Lyon. LyonIX is managed by Rezopole, the non-profit organization supported by the Métropole de Lyon and the Auvergne – Rhône-Alpes region.
Internet transit is the service of allowing network traffic to cross or "transit" a computer network, usually used to connect a smaller Internet service provider (ISP) to the larger Internet. Technically, it consists of two bundled services:
MSK-IX is an Internet eXchange Point (IXP) with headquarters in Moscow, Russia. With over 549 connected networks and 3,37 Tbps of peak traffic, MSK-IX is one of the world's largest IXPs. According to the Internet Exchange Report by Hurricane Electric Internet Services, MSK-IX is the second in Russia and is one of the seven largest in the world by the numbers of members.
Public Internet exchange points in Russia are MSK-IX in Moscow, Eurasia Peering in Moscow, SPB-IX in Saint-Petersburg, SAMARA-IX in Samara, Ix-NN, NSK-IX in Novosibirsk, and KRS-IX in Krasnoyarsk in Kazan and DataIX in Saint-Petersburg, Moscow, Novosibirsk.
PacketExchange was a British multinational network services provider based in London. Founded in 2002 by Jason Velody and Kieron O'Brien, both supported by Nigel Titley, Giles Heron, and Katie Snowball as the founding team, its network connected 45 points of presence across Europe, Asia, and the United States over a private backbone consisting primarily of multiple 10 Gigabit Ethernet links over dedicated wavelengths on a fiber-optic mesh.
Hurricane Electric is a global Internet service provider offering Internet transit, tools, and network applications, as well as data center colocation and hosting services at two locations in Fremont, California, where the company is based.
JINX, located at Johannesburg, South Africa, is an internet exchange point in South Africa. It is run by INX-ZA, which is an autonomous arm of the Internet Service Providers Association.
Manchester Network Access Point was a Manchester-based internet exchange point (IXP). The access point provides an exchange point for internet service providers and businesses in northern England and the Midlands and was the first Internet Exchange point in the UK outside London.
PeeringDB is a freely available, user-maintained, database of networks, and the go-to location for interconnection data. The database facilitates the global interconnection of networks at Internet Exchange Points (IXPs), data centers, and other interconnection facilities, and is the first stop in making interconnection decisions.
DE-CIX New York is a carrier and data center-neutral internet exchange point in the New York/New Jersey metro owned and operated by DE-CIX North America Inc.
France-IX is a Paris-based Internet exchange point (IXP) founded in June 2010 as a membership organisation. As of 21 July 2021 it interconnects more than 496 members, making it the largest IXP in France.
Mumbai Internet Exchange is a subsidiary of the German Internet exchange point (IXP) DE-CIX, founded on 15 August 2014 as Mumbai Convergence Hub as an Open Carrier Neutral Internet Exchange & Peering Hub. As of 30 March 2021 it interconnects more than 375 members, making it the largest IXP in India and surrounding region.
Peering.cz is an internet exchange point spread across 10 data centers in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Austria and Germany, serving internet service providers, network operators and international content providers in Central Europe. Peering.cz was established in 2013 in Prague, Czech Republic. Peering.cz currently interconnects over 152 networks reaching maximum peak throughput of 1309 gigabits per second, making it one of the largest internet exchanges in Europe.
DATAIX is an Internet exchange network between telecom operators and content generators in Europe and Asia. According to the Internet Exchange Report by Hurricane Electric Internet Services, DATAIX is one of the largest networks in the world by the number of participants. Its peak traffic, the size of which exceeds 5,3 Tbit/s. The headquarters of the company is located in Amsterdam, Netherlands.
The Uganda Internet Exchange Point (UIXP) is a non-profit Internet exchange point operator founded in 2001 with the goal of improving Internet connectivity within Uganda and the East African region, and is the only known internet exchange point in Uganda.
Russia, Saint-Petersburg