Padma Anagol is a historian known for her work on women's agency and subjectivities in colonial India. [1] Her work broadly focuses on gender and women's history in colonial British India. Her research interests also include a wide spectrum of topics such as material culture, consumption and Indian middle classes, theory, historiography and periodization of Modern India and comparative histories of Victorian and Indian patriarchies over the issues of social legislation (age of consent). [1]
Anagol comes from the conflict-ridden border area of Belgaum district, [2] Karnataka, India. As a border child, she is well-versed in both Kannada and Marathi, and straddles multiple identities. She was born to Mr. Jayakumar Anagol and Mrs. Kusumavati Anagol. Mr. Jayakumar Angol was a lecturer in philosophy at the Lingaraj College, Belgaum, Karnataka, and worked alongside A. K. Ramanujam before joining the services. Her maternal grandparents, Devendrappa Doddanavar and Lilavati Doddanavar, actively participated in the Indian freedom movement and were awarded 'freedom fighters' pension by the Karnataka State Government. [3]
Anagol graduated from the University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, India. She is an alumna of the Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India, where she pursued her Masters in Modern and Contemporary Indian History and did an M.Phil. in International Relations. She was awarded a five year scholarship in 1987 by Indian Council of Social Science Research, Delhi, India, for a Ph.D. in history, which she declined in favour of the Commonwealth Scholarship to the School of Oriental and Asian Studies, University of London, London. [1]
Anagol is a Reader in history at the Cardiff School of History, Religion and Archaeology, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom (UK). [1] She teaches British Imperial and Modern Indian History at the Cardiff University. Fluent in three Indian languages, Anagol mainly uses Marathi (Devanagari script) and Kannada (Dravidian script) for her research work. Much of her research work is anchored in understanding women's subjectivities. She has also held visiting fellowships at various institutions. Before joining as a senior lecturer at the Cardiff School of History, Religion and Archaeology in 1995, Dr. Anagol taught south Asian history at the Bath Spa University, Bath, UK from 1993-95.
Anagol was the editor of Cultural and Social History , a journal published under the aegis of Social History society, UK from 2006-2011. [1] She is the founder member of Asian Literatures in translation, an online journal. [4] She is also a member of the editorial board of South Asia Research [5] and Women's History Review . [6] A believer in popular history, Anagol likes to disseminate information about the past and its uses to public and has taken on the position of Asia Consultant for BBC History Magazine since 2001. [7]
She won the student poll for an 'Enriching Student Life Award' at Cardiff University in 2017.
Anagol has embarked on a project of collating primary source materials by bringing together women's voices during the colonial era, under the title of Women in Colonial India:1757-1947: A Primary Source Collection. The collection is a collaboration with Geraldine Forbes and is to be presented in six volumes on broad themes and projects that include: The Body and Sexuality, Law, Religion, Power, Work and Personalities. The proposal for this collection is prompted by three core aims: the need to acquaint students and scholars with a wider range of materials than what is available for studying women in India, and the importance of situating examples of women's agency, resistance, and compliance within the contexts that produced the.[ clarification needed ] The project has a home in the respectable publishing house-Bloomsbury Academic Press and the first volume on 'Body' will be published in 2019.
Hindu texts present diverse and conflicting views on the position of women, ranging from feminine leadership as the highest goddess, to limiting gender roles. The Devi Sukta hymn of Rigveda, a scripture of Hinduism, declares the feminine energy as the essence of the universe, the one who creates all matter and consciousness, the eternal and infinite, the metaphysical and empirical reality (Brahman), the soul, of everything. The woman is celebrated as the most powerful and the empowering force in some Hindu Upanishads, Sastras and Puranas, particularly the Devi Upanishad, Devi Mahatmya and Devi-Bhagavata Purana.
Deshastha Brahmin is a Hindu Brahmin subcaste mainly from the Indian state of Maharashtra and northern area of the state of Karnataka. Other than these two states, according to authors K. S. Singh, Gregory Naik and Pran Nath Chopra, Deshastha Brahmins are also concentrated in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Author Pran Nath Chopra and journalist Pritish Nandy says, "Most of the well-known saints from Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh were Deshastha Brahmins".
Madhu Purnima Kishwar is an Indian academic and a conservative commentator. She is currently employed as a chair Professor in the Indian Council of Social Science Research. Kishwar along with fellow-academic Ruth Vanita co-founded the journal Manushi.
Tarabai Shinde (1850–1910) was a feminist activist who protested patriarchy and caste in 19th century India. She is known for her published work, Stri Purush Tulana, originally published in Marathi in 1882. The pamphlet is a critique of upper-caste patriarchy, and is often considered the first modern Indian feminist text. It was very controversial for its time in challenging the Hindu religious scriptures themselves as a source of women's oppression, a view that continues to be controversial and debated today. She was a member of Satyashodhak Samaj.
Pandita Ramabai Sarasvati, was a women's rights & education activist, a pioneer in the education and emancipation of women in India, and a social reformer. She was the first woman to be awarded the titles of Pandita as a Sanskrit scholar and Sarasvati after being examined by the faculty of the University of Calcutta. She was one of the ten women delegates of the Congress session of 1889. In the late 1890s, she founded Mukti Mission at Kedgaon village, forty miles east of the city of Pune. The mission was later named Pandita Ramabai Mukti Mission.
Feminism in India is a set of movements aimed at defining, establishing, and defending equal political, economic, and social rights and opportunities for women in India. It is the pursuit of women's rights within the society of India. Like their feminist counterparts all over the world, feminists in India seek gender equality: the right to work for equal wages, the right to equal access to health and education, and equal political rights. Indian feminists also have fought against culture-specific issues within India's patriarchal society, such as inheritance laws.
Bina Agarwal is an Indian development economist and Professor of Development Economics and Environment at the Global Development Institute at The University of Manchester. She has written extensively on land, livelihoods and property rights; environment and development; the political economy of gender; poverty and inequality; legal change; and agriculture and technological transformation. Among her best known works is the award-winning book—A Field of One's Own: Gender and Land Rights in South Asia—which has had a significant impact on governments, NGOs, and international agencies in promoting women's rights in land and property. This work has also inspired research in Latin America and globally.
The Banjara are a historically nomadic trading tribe who may have origins in the Mewar region of what is now Rajasthan. They are now found throughout Northwestern, Western and Southern India and in many states banjaras are called different names such as lubanas, but both castes have different origins.
The Age of Consent Act, 1891, also known as Act X of 1891, was a legislation enacted in British India on 19 March 1891 which raised the age of consent for sexual intercourse for all girls, married or unmarried, from ten to twelve years in all jurisdictions, its violation subject to criminal prosecution as rape. The act was an amendment of the Indian Penal Code and Code of Criminal Procedure, Section 375, 1882,, and was introduced as a bill on 9 January 1891 by Sir Andrew Scoble in the Legislative Council of the Governor-General of India in Calcutta. It was debated the same day and opposed by council member Sir Romesh Chunder Mitter on the grounds that it interfered with orthodox Hindu code, but supported by council member Rao Bahadur Krishnaji Lakshman Nulkar and by the President of the council, the Governor-General and Viceroy Lord Lansdowne.
Krushnaji Prabhakar Khadilkar was a Marathi writer from Maharashtra, India. George calls him "a prominent lieutenant of Lokmanya Tilak". He was editor of Kesari, Lokmanya and Navakal. The subject of navakal is political, trade and market price Khadilkar in the beginning of his career wrote prose-plays, but achieved "even greater recognition" with plays like Svayamvara – which had songs which were based on Indian classical music. The notability of his dramatic technique, in his fifteen plays, was to "endow ancient Hindu legends and tales with contemporary political significance". The Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature, remarks that while Annasaheb Kirloskar "laid the foundation of popular sangit natak", it saw its great rise and gradual decline with the advent of Khadilkar. It considers Khadilkar along with Bal Gandharva as "the architect of what later on came to be called the golden age of the Marathi drama".
Girijabai Madhav Kelkar (1886–1980) was a feminist and writer from India. The performance of her play led to many debates about women's rights and the concept of gender roles. She was president of 23rd Akhil Bharatiya Marathi Natya Sammelan of Akhil Bharatiya Marathi Natya Parishad held in 1928 at Pune.
Prem Chowdhry is an Indian social scientist, historian, and Senior Academic Fellow at the Indian Council of Historical Research, New Delhi. She is a feminist and critic of violence against couples refusing arranged marriages.
Huzurpaga is the oldest Indian run girls' high school in India.
Rukhmabai was an Indian physician and feminist. She is best known for being one of the first practicing women doctors in colonial India as well as being involved in a landmark legal case involving her marriage as a child bride between 1884 and 1888. The case raised significant public debate across several topics, which most prominently included law vs tradition, social reform vs conservatism and feminism in both British-ruled India and England. This ultimately contributed to the Age of Consent Act in 1891.
Chhaya Datar is an Indian activist, writer and feminist. Datar writes in Marathi and English.
Francina Ford Sorabji was an Indian educator.
Shareefa Hamid Ali, also known as Begum Hamid Ali, was an Indian feminist, nationalist, advocate, and political figure. She was the President of the All India Women’s Conference in 1935, and one of the founding members of the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women in 1947.
Aparna Lanjewar Bose is an Indian trilingual writer, poet, critic, and translator. She is currently working in The English and Foreign Languages University, Hyderabad as an Associate Professor, at the School of Literary Studies. She is an author of several books and articles in Marathi and English.
Feminism in Indonesia refers to the long history of discourse for gender equality to bring about positive social change in Indonesia. The issues women in Indonesia currently are facing include gender violence, underage marriages, and lack of representation in the political system. Feminism and the women's right movement began during colonial Indonesia under Dutch rule and were spearheaded by the national heroine Kartini. She was a Javanese noblewoman who advocated for the education of all women and girls regardless of social status. In the early 19th century, women's rights organizations and movements were allowed to developed under Budi Utomo, the first Indonesian Nationalist organization. Modern day Indonesian feminism include and are influenced by both fundamentalist and progressive Islamic women's organizations.
Soonderbai Hannah Powar was an Indian Christian philanthropist and anti-opium activist. She worked closely with Pandita Ramabai.
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