Parys Mountain Windmill is a Grade II listed building located on the highest point of Parys Mountain near Amlwch, Anglesey, Wales. The structure was built in 1878 to assist a local copper mine in the removal of water from mine shafts. It was the last tower mill built in Wales. The windmill remained in use until the mine's closure in 1904.
The area around Parys Mountain has been mined for copper for several centuries. A substantial source of copper ore was discovered in 1768 and the site quickly developed into the world's largest copper mine. As the mine progressed, its shafts were sunk further into the ground and the need for the removal of water increased. This was initially done by hand and later by steam engine. In order to save money on the coal required to power the engines, [1] the Parys Mountain Windmill was constructed in 1878, around 200 metres (660 ft) the mine, [2] to replace the engines. [1] The windmill was the last tower mill built in Wales. [3] It was also used to remove ore from the shafts and lift machinery in and out for miners. [2]
The windmill was unusual in that it featured five sails, the only windmill in Anglesey that was constructed in this way; typically windmills are built with four. [1] It was also constructed with three doorways. [2] The site remained in production for more than two decades before it eventually closed in 1904. The windmill fell into a state of disrepair and, by the end of the 1920, was described as a "capless shell". [1]
The Parys Mountain Windmill is located at the top of Parys Mountain and is visible for miles around. The structure was built at the mountain's highest point, 138 metres (453 ft) above sea level. [1] The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales reports that a survey of the structure, undertaken in 1975, noted that it measured 10.8 metres (35 ft) high and featured a 2.3-metre (7 ft 7 in) deep cellar. [2]
Amlwch is a port town and community in Wales. It is situated on the north coast of the Isle of Anglesey, on the A5025 which connects it to Holyhead and to Menai Bridge. As well as Amlwch town and Amlwch Port, other settlements within the community include Burwen, Bull Bay (Porthllechog) and Pentrefelin. The town has a beach in Llaneilian, and it has significant coastal cliffs. Tourism is an important element of the local economy. At one time it was a booming mining town that became the centre of a vast global trade in copper ore. The harbour inlet became a busy port and significant shipbuilding and ship repair centre, as well as an embarkation point with boats sailing to the Isle of Man and to Liverpool. The community covers an area of about 15 square kilometres.
Parys Mountain is located south of the town of Amlwch in north east Anglesey, Wales. Originally known as Trysclwyn, the high ground is reputed to have gained its current name when it was given to Robert Parys, Chamberlain of North Wales by Henry IV. It is the site of a large copper mine that was extensively exploited in the late 18th century. Parys Mountain is a mountain in name only, being a hill with an elevation of less than 150m.
The Old Windmill is a heritage-listed tower mill in Observatory Park adjacent to Wickham Park at 226 Wickham Terrace, Spring Hill, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was built in the 1820s by convict labour in the Moreton Bay penal settlement and is the oldest surviving building in Queensland. It is also known as Brisbane Observatory and Windmill Tower. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992. Today it is the centrepiece of Observatory Park and a lookout over parts of the Brisbane CBD.
Thomas Williams was a Welsh industrialist and Member of Parliament. At the time of his death, he was the richest man in Wales.
Dulas Bay is a small bay on the north east coast of Anglesey, north Wales, forming the boundary between Llaneilian and Moelfre communities. The bay is bordered by three beaches.
Dolcoath mine was a copper and tin mine in Camborne, Cornwall, United Kingdom. Its name derives from the Cornish for 'Old Ground', and it was also affectionately known as The Queen of Cornish Mines. The site is north-west of Carn Brea. Dolcoath Road runs between the A3047 road and Chapel Hill. The site is south of this road.
The Éolienne Bollée is an unusual wind turbine, unique for having a stator and a rotor, as a water turbine has. The eponymous invention was first patented in 1868 by Ernest Sylvain Bollée in France. A further patent dated 1885 differed mainly in two ways: First, in how the turbine was turned to face the wind and second, in an improvement which increased the flow of wind through the turbine was added. The turbines built according to the 1885 patent were commercially successful.
Consolidated Mines, also known as Great Consolidated mine, but most commonly called Consols or Great Consols was a metalliferous mine about a mile ESE of the village of St Day, Cornwall, England. Mainly active during the first half of the 19th century, its mining sett was about 600 yards north–south; and 2,700 yards east–west, to the east of Carharrack. Although always much troubled by underground water, the mine was at times highly profitable, and it was the largest single producer of copper ore in Cornwall. Today the mine is part of the Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape World Heritage Site.
The Amlwch Lighthouse is a lighthouse tower situated on the outer pier of Amlwch, at the northeast tip of Anglesey, Wales. The existing lighthouse, a square tower erected in 1853, is the fourth on this site. It has original fine, but battered, ashlar masonry to a height of 4.6 metres (15 ft); the present lantern was added on top at a later date.
Penysarn is a small village located within Llaneilian Community, in the north-eastern corner of Anglesey, Wales, and on the north-eastern side of Parys Mountain, at approximately 140–150 feet above sea level. The settlement expanded in the 18th century with the arrival of miners working at the nearby copper mines. The population as of the 2011 census was 595.
Carmel Head is a prominent coastal headland on the northwest tip of the island of Anglesey.
Rhosybol is a village and community in Anglesey, Wales. The community population at the 2011 census was 1,078. Located 2.5 miles (4.0 km) south of the town of Amlwch, the village is close to both Llyn Alaw, the largest body of water on the island, and Parys Mountain, the site of the historic copper mines which lies just to the north. It is to the mines that the village owes its existence as it was one of several built to house the miners. During the 1960s noted painter Kyffin Williams produced an oil painting of the village.
The Alderley Edge Mines are located on the escarpment in Alderley Edge, Cheshire. Archaeological evidence indicates that copper mining took place here during Roman times and the Bronze Age, and written records show that mining continued here from the 1690s up to the 1920s. The site was the location of the Alderley Edge Landscape Project and the Pot Shaft Hoard.
Sundown Tin and Copper Mine is a heritage-listed mine at Little Sundown Creek, Stanthorpe, Southern Downs Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built from c. 1897 to 1920s. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 28 July 2000.
Anglesey Mining plc is a United Kingdom based mining company. The company is listed on the Alternative Investment Market of the London Stock Exchange under the ticker AYM in the mining sector. The company has three projects, Parys Mountain in Wales, Grängesberg in Sweden, and Labrador Iron Mines in Canada.
Glassford Creek Smelter Sites are the heritage-listed remains of a former smelter at Glassford State Forest, off Many Peaks Road, Many Peaks, Gladstone Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built c. 1903. It is also known as Glassford Creek Copper Smelters. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 4 July 2006.
Mining works on Towers Hill is a heritage-listed group of mining ruins at Towers Hill, Charters Towers, Charters Towers Region, Queensland, Australia. They were built from 1872 to 1940s. They are individually known as Pyrites Works, Rainbow Battery, and Towers Chlorination Works. They were added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 29 April 2003.
Einasleigh Copper Mine and Smelter is a heritage-listed mine at Daintree Road, Einasleigh, Shire of Etheridge, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1867 to 1922. It is also known as Lynd Copper Mine and New Einasleigh Copper Mine. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 11 December 2006.
Ortona Mine and Battery is a heritage-listed mine at Forsayth-Agate Creek - Ortona (Iona) Station Road, Gilberton, Shire of Etheridge, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1899 to 1908. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 25 August 2000.
The Great Laxey Mine was a silver, lead ore and zinc mine located in Laxey, in the parish of Lonan, Isle of Man. The mine reached a depth in excess of 2,200 ft (670 m) and consisted primarily of three shafts: the Welsh Shaft, the Dumbell's Shaft and the Engine Shaft; each of these shafts was connected by a series of levels.