Passenger Act of 1882

Passenger Act of 1882

Other short titles	Boarding of Vessels Act, 1882 Carriage of Passengers Act, 1882
Long title	An Act to regulate the carriage of passengers by sea.
Nicknames	Passenger Act, 1882
Enacted by	the 47th United States Congress
Effective	October 31, 1882
Citations
Public law	Pub. L.   47–374
Statutes at Large	22  Stat.   186, Chap. 374
Codification
Titles amended	46 U.S.C.: Shipping
U.S.C. sections created	46 U.S.C. ch. 601 § 60101
Legislative history
Introduced in the House as H.R. 6722 Passed the House on  (Passed) Passed the Senate on July 29, 1882 (25-17) Signed into law by President Chester A. Arthur on August 2, 1882

The Passenger Act of 1882 is a United States federal statute establishing occupancy control regulations for seafaring passenger ships completing Atlantic and Pacific transoceanic crossings to America during the late 19th century and early 20th century. The Act of Congress sanctioned vessel compartment dimensions in cubic feet comparable to the level within a ship's deck. The public law authorized the numerical serialization of berths which were subject to compartment occupancy inspections of emigrants and ocean liner passengers. The Law of the United States accentuated and endorsed a regulatory clause stating no person, on arrival of a vessel in a port, will be allowed to go aboard a passenger ship necessitating a bow to stern inspection.

The Immigration Act of 1882 was simultaneously presented during the 47th United States congressional session which was enacted into law on August 3, 1882. The H.R. 6722 bill was passed by the 47th congressional session and enacted into law by the 21st President of the United States Chester Arthur on August 2, 1882.

Provisions of the Act

The United States federal law was penned as fourteen sections emphasizing essentials for safe passage during an oceanic voyage associated with an American port.

Summary of United States statute protocols

• Accountability of seafaring passengers occupancy
• Hygiene requirements
• Identity verification of emigrants
• Passenger quarters' allocations by numerical designation
• Prohibited materials determined as dangerous goods for transportation of seas
• Public health awareness by imposed social distancing
• Sick bay provision with medical apparatuses
• Violation of act penalties

Carriage of Passengers by Sea – 22 Stat. 186 § 1

Emigrants and passengers, other than cabin passengers, from foreign ports to be provided compartments

Sailing vessel restrictions and requirements

Space per passenger

Computation of children boarded on vessel

Violation of Act penalties

Ships Deck Capacity Illustrations

St. Vincent lower deck in 1844

Passengers on Emigrant Ship

Breakfast on Emigrant Ship

Passenger Roll Call on ship quarterdeck

The Emigrant Ship

Emigrants on a ship

Emigrant Ship Crowded Lower Deck

Proper Accommodations on Steamships or Other Vessels – 22 Stat. 186–187 § 2

Berths for passengers

Regulations and rules for occupancy

Children

Females

Husband and wife

Males

Unmarried females

Families

Serial numbers for berths

Inspections of berths

Violation of Act penalties

Sanitation and Ventilation of Steamships or Other Vessels – 22 Stat. 187–188 § 3

Light and air to passenger decks and compartments

Hatchways

Companionway

Caboose with sufficient cooking capacity

Water closet

Privy location to be separated from passengers' spaces with constructed partitions

Violation of Act penalties

Nutrition on Steamships or Other Vessels – 22 Stat. 188 § 4

Wholesome food as fresh provisions

Meals per day

Short allowance and monetary penalty paid by the deck master

Mothers with infants

Tables and seats

Violation of Act penalties

Hospital on Steamships or Other Vessels – 22 Stat. 188 § 5

Hospital accommodations of two compartments

Qualified and competent surgeon or medical practitioner

Medicines and surgical appliances for diseases and accidents during sea voyages

Violation of Act penalties

Hygiene on Steamships or Other Vessels – 22 Stat. 188–189 § 6

Cleanliness and discipline to be maintained during voyage

Space on main deck for exercise of passengers

Violation of Act penalties

Navigational Crew on Steamships or Other Vessels – 22 Stat. 189 § 7

Officers and seamen prohibited from visiting passengers' compartments

Violation of section penalties

Section of Act posted on decks concerning fraternizing with navigational crew

Violation of Act penalties

Prohibited Articles on Steamships or Other Vessels – 22 Stat. 189 § 8

Dynamite

Gunpowder

Nitroglycerin

Vitriol

Other explosive compounds

Violation of Act penalties

Boarding Arriving Vessels Before Inspection – 22 Stat. 189–190 § 9

No person, on arrival of vessel in port, allowed to go aboard

Correct list of passengers, with deaths if any, to be delivered to first officer of customs on board

Duplicate of list to be delivered to collector of customs

Violation of Act penalties

Death on the High Seas – 22 Stat. 190 § 10

In case of death of passengers at sea, master of vessel to pay, money paid into the U.S. Treasury

Violation of Act penalties

Occupancy Integrity of Steamships or Other Vessels – 22 Stat. 190 § 11

Examination and inspection of vessel by collector of customs

Report made to the Secretary of the U.S. Treasury

Applicability of Act for Vessels Carrying Emigrants and Passengers – 22 Stat. 191 § 12

Provisions of this act apply to vessels carrying emigrants from United States to foreign countries

Clearance of vessels withheld until compliance with provisions of this Act

Violation of Act penalties

Violations of Act Provisions for Steamships or Other Vessels – 22 Stat. 191 § 13

Fines and penalties to be lien upon vessel

Effective Date of Act Provisions – 22 Stat. 191 § 14

Act shall come into effect ninety days after passage of Act

Act may be cited for all purposes as "The Passenger Act, eighteen hundred and eighty-two"

Associated United States Federal Statutes

United States legislation relative to the Passenger Act of 1882.

U.S. Laws relative to Transportation Across Seas
Date of enactment Public Law No. U.S. Statute Citation U.S. Bill No. U.S. Presidential Administration March 31, 1900 P.L. 56-120 31  Stat.   58 H.R. 5067 William McKinley June 25, 1948 P.L. 80-772 62  Stat.   683 H.R. 3190 Harry S. Truman August 26, 1983 P.L. 98-89 97  Stat.   600 S. 46 Ronald W. Reagan November 25, 2002 P.L. 107-296 116  Stat.   2178 H.R. 5005 George W. Bush

See also

1847 North American typhus epidemic

Carriage of Passengers Act of 1855

Coffin ship

Diseases and epidemics of the 19th century

Quarantine

Steerage Act of 1819

Reading Bibliography

• Russell, William Clark (1893). "The Emigrant Ship – Volume I". Internet Archive. London, England: Sampson Low, Marston & Company.
• Russell, William Clark (1893). "The Emigrant Ship – Volume II". Internet Archive. London, England: Sampson Low, Marston & Company.
• Russell, William Clark (1893). "The Emigrant Ship – Volume III". Internet Archive. London, England: Sampson Low, Marston & Company.
• Emmons, Frederick E. (1985). American Passenger Ships: The Ocean Lines and Liners, 1873–1983. Newark, NJ: University of Delaware Press. ISBN   978-0874132489. LCCN   83050652. OCLC   492356630.
• Cairis, Nicholas T. (1992). Era of the Passenger Liner. London, UK; Boston, MA.: Pegasus Books. ISBN   978-0929624037. LCCN   92008575. OCLC   231560622 – via Internet Archive.

External links

• "Passenger and Crew Vessel Lists for New York, NY 1897-1957". Internet Archive. United States National Archives and Records Service.
• "Passenger Lists of Vessels for Baltimore and Philadelphia". Internet Archive. United States National Archives and Records Service.
• Hooker, Albert H. (1913). "Chloride of Lime in Sanitation". Internet Archive. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons. LCCN   13007938. OCLC   1087145218.