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A visa is a conditional authorization granted by a polity to a foreigner that allows them to enter, remain within, or leave its territory. Visas typically include limits on the duration of the foreigner's stay, areas within the country they may enter, the dates they may enter, the number of permitted visits, or if the individual has the ability to work in the country in question. Visas are associated with the request for permission to enter a territory and thus are, in most countries, distinct from actual formal permission for an alien to enter and remain in the country. In each instance, a visa is subject to entry permission by an immigration official at the time of actual entry and can be revoked at any time. Visa evidence most commonly takes the form of a sticker endorsed in the applicant's passport or other travel document but may also exist electronically. Some countries no longer issue physical visa evidence, instead recording details only in immigration databases.
The Common Travel Area is an open borders area comprising the United Kingdom, Ireland, Isle of Man, and the Channel Islands. The British Overseas Territories are not included. Based on agreements that are not legally binding, the internal borders of the CTA are subject to minimal controls and can normally be traversed by British and Irish citizens with minimal identity documents. The maintenance of the CTA involves co-operation on immigration matters between the British and Irish authorities.
An arrival card, also known as an incoming passenger card, landing card or disembarkation card, is a legal document used by immigration authorities of many countries to obtain information about incoming passenger not provided by the passenger's passport and to provide a record of a person's entry into the country. The card may also provide information on health and character requirements for non-citizens entering the country. Some countries require an arrival card for each incoming passenger, while others require one card per family unit, and some only require an arrival card for non-citizens only.
Visa requirements for Afghan citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Afghanistan. In its second quarter 2022 report, the Henley Passport Index indicated that Afghan citizens have visa-free or visa on arrival access to 26 countries and territories, ranking the Afghan passport 112th and the least powerful passport in the world. Obtaining foreign visas from within Afghanistan is difficult as many embassies in Afghanistan have closed since Taliban takeover of the government in August 2021.
Visa requirements for British citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of the United Kingdom. As of 25 January 2023 British citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 188 countries and territories, ranking their passport 6th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index. Additionally, the World Tourism Organisation also published a report on 15 January 2016 ranking the passport 1st in the world in terms of travel freedom, with the mobility index of 160.
Travel requirements for French citizens are public health and administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of France. As of January 2022, French citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 187 countries and territories, ranking the French passport 6th in terms of travel freedom, according to the Henley Passport Index. French Passport is ranked 2nd by the Global Passport Power Rank.
Visa requirements for Chinese citizens of Macau are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on Chinese citizens who are permanent residents of Macau.
Visa requirements for British Nationals (Overseas) are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states and territories placed on British National (Overseas) passport holders. Several million people, the vast majority with a Hong Kong connection, hold this passport.
Visa requirements for crew members are administrative entry restrictions imposed by countries on members of the crew during transit or turnaround.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries and regions imposed quarantines, entry bans, or other travel restrictions for citizens of or recent travelers to the most affected areas. Some countries and regions imposed global restrictions that apply to all foreign countries and territories, or prevent their own citizens from travelling overseas.
The COVID-19 pandemic in the Bailiwick of Jersey is part of an ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a novel infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The first case in Jersey was confirmed on 10 March 2020 when a person tested positive on the island after returning from Italy.
The COVID-19 pandemic had a large impact on public transport. Many countries advised that public transport should only be used when essential; passenger numbers fell drastically, and services were reduced. Provision of a reasonable service for the much smaller number of fare-paying passengers incurred large financial losses.
The COVID-19 pandemic in the Cook Islands is part of the ongoing worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. As of 30 October 2021, 12,841 first doses and 12,498 second doses of vaccine had been administered, which represents over 97% of the eligible population (12+) fully vaccinated.
The COVID-19 pandemic in Niue is part of the ongoing worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Niue reported its first confirmed case on 9 March 2022.
The Health Protection (England) Regulations 2020 is a statutory instrument (SI) enacted on 4 July 2020 by the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, Matt Hancock, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The regulations aimed to reduce the possibility of infection spreading from travellers from overseas. They imposed requirements on certain categories of travellers arriving in England from outside the Common Travel Area. Travellers falling within the regulations had to provide specified information to the British government on entry, and some had to undergo a fourteen-day period of self-isolation.
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a deep impact on the Irish economy, leading it into a recession. Essential public health measures announced by the Irish Government to contain the spread of COVID-19 resulted in the largest monthly increase in unemployment in the history of the Republic of Ireland during March 2020. By 24 April, there were more than one million people in receipt of support interventions to the labour market, including those in receipt of the COVID-19 Pandemic Unemployment Payment and the COVID-19 Temporary Wage Subsidy Scheme. While there were job losses in all sectors, individuals working in tourism, hospitality, food and retail have seen the largest job losses.
Vaccination requirements for international travel are the aspect of vaccination policy that concerns the movement of people across borders. Countries around the world require travellers departing to other countries, or arriving from other countries, to be vaccinated against certain infectious diseases in order to prevent epidemics. At border checks, these travellers are required to show proof of vaccination against specific diseases; the most widely used vaccination record is the International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis. Some countries require information about a passenger's vaccination status in a passenger locator form.
The Health Protection (England) Regulations 2021 was a statutory instrument (SI) enacted on 17 May 2021 by the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, Matt Hancock, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, revoking and replacing The Health Protection (England) Regulations 2020.
The following is a timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England during 2022. There are significant differences in the legislation and the reporting between the countries of the UK: England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales.
Travel requirements for German citizens are public health and administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Germany. As of January 2023, German citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 190 countries and territories. Ranking the German passport German passport 3rd in terms of travel freedom, with the greatest access of all European Union member states, according to the Henley Passport Index. German Passport is ranked 2nd by the Global Passport Power Rank.
References
- ↑ "Fill in your passenger locator form". GOV.UK.
- ↑ "Protocol for Arrivals in Greece - travel.gov.gr". travel.gov.gr.
- ↑ "Einreiseformular". swissplf.admin.ch.
- ↑ "COVID-19 Passenger Locator Form". www.gov.ie.
- ↑ "EU Digital Passenger Locator Form (dPLF)".
- ↑ Department of the Taoiseach and Department of Health, Current rules for travelling to Ireland, updated 5 March 2022, accessed 12 March 2022
- ↑ UK Government, Travel to England from another country during coronavirus (COVID-19), updated 18 March 2022, accessed 30 March 2022
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