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In plasma physics, plasma stability concerns the stability properties of a plasma in equilibrium and its behavior under small perturbations. The stability of the system determines if the perturbations will grow, oscillate, or be damped out. It is an important consideration in topics such as nuclear fusion and astrophysical plasma.
The Hannes Alfvén Prize is a prize established by the European Physical Society (EPS) Plasma Physics Division in 2000. The Prize is awarded annually by the European Physical Society at the EPS Conference on Plasma Physics for outstanding work in the field of plasma physics: "for achievements which have shaped the plasma physics field or are expected to do so in future."
Liu Chen is an American theoretical physicist who has made original contributions to many aspects of plasma physics. He is known for the discoveries of kinetic Alfven waves, toroidal Alfven eigenmodes, and energetic particle modes; the theories of geomagnetic pulsations, Alfven wave heating, and fishbone oscillations, and the first formulation of nonlinear gyrokinetic equations. Chen retired from University of California, Irvine (UCI) in 2012, assuming the title professor emeritus of physics and astronomy.
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The ballooning instability is a type of internal pressure-driven plasma instability usually seen in tokamak fusion power reactors or in space plasmas. It is important in fusion research as it determines a set of criteria for the maximum achievable plasma beta. The name refers to the shape and action of the instability, which acts like the elongations formed in a long balloon when it is squeezed. In literature, the structure of these elongations are commonly referred to as 'fingers'.
Sir Steven Charles Cowley is a British theoretical physicist and international authority on nuclear fusion and astrophysical plasmas. He has served as director of the United States Department of Energy (DOE) Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) since 1 July 2018. Previously he served as president of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, since October 2016. and head of the EURATOM / CCFE Fusion Association and chief executive officer of the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA).
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Thomas W. L. "Tom" Sanford is an American plasma physicist who developed a multi-wire array for use in a pulsed Z-pinch plasma system which resulted in a breakthrough for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) research. In 2005, he was awarded the Hannes Alfvén Prize with Malcolm Haines and Valentin Smirnov for his contributions to the field.
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Omnigeneity is a property of a magnetic field inside a magnetic confinement fusion reactor. Such a magnetic field is called omnigenous if the path a single particle takes does not drift radially inwards or outwards on average. A particle is then confined to stay on a flux surface. All tokamaks are exactly omnigenous by virtue of their axisymmetry, and conversely an unoptimized stellarator is generally not omnigenous.
In magnetic confinement fusion, a flux surface is a surface on which magnetic field lines lie. Since the magnetic field is divergence-free, the Poincare-Hopf theorem implies that such a surface must be either a torus, or a knot. In the tokamak and the stellarator flux surfaces have toroidal shapes, whereas the more exotic knotatron has a knotted flux surface. Flux surfaces are typically characterized by the poloidal magnetic flux or the toroidal magnetic flux. The poloidal flux is the magnetic flux passing through a ribbon going from the magnetic axis to the flux surface, and the toroidal flux is the magnetic flux passing through a circle which encloses the magnetic axis. The total flux passing through flux surface itself is zero, as magnetic field lines are everywhere tangent to the surface.
References
- 1 2 "Patrick H. Diamond — UC San Diego Fusion and Astrophysical Plasma Physics Group". fapp.ucsd.edu. Retrieved June 5, 2020.
- ↑ "UC San Diego | Professor Patrick Diamond named Director of New Fusion Theory Institute - Daejeon, Korea". physics.ucsd.edu. Retrieved June 5, 2020.
- 1 2 Stroth, U; Hidalgo, C (2011). "38th European Physical Society Conference on Plasma Physics". Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. 53 (12): 120201. doi: 10.1088/0741-3335/53/12/120201 . ISSN 0741-3335. S2CID 250854312.
- ↑ "UC San Diego | Patrick Diamond shares Hannes Alfvén Prize". physics.ucsd.edu. Retrieved June 5, 2020.
- ↑ Vishniac, Ethan T.; Jin, Liping; Diamond, P. H. (1991). "Dynamos and angular momentum transport in accretion disks". Physics of Fluids B: Plasma Physics. 3 (8): 2374–2378. Bibcode:1991PhFlB...3.2374V. doi:10.1063/1.859606. ISSN 0899-8221.
- ↑ Diamond, Patrick Henry (1979). "Theory of Phase Space Density Granulation in Magnetoplasma". PHDT. Bibcode:1979PhDT........63D.
- ↑ "APS Fellow Archive". www.aps.org. Retrieved June 5, 2020.
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