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The Court of Session is the supreme civil court of Scotland and constitutes part of the College of Justice; the supreme criminal court of Scotland is the High Court of Justiciary. The Court of Session sits in Parliament House in Edinburgh and is both a trial court and a court of appeal. Decisions of the court can be appealed to the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, with the permission of either the Inner House or the Supreme Court. The Court of Session and the local sheriff courts of Scotland have concurrent jurisdiction for all cases with a monetary value in excess of £100,000; the plaintiff is given first choice of court. However, the majority of complex, important, or high value cases are brought in the Court of Session. Cases can be remitted to the Court of Session from the sheriff courts, including the Sheriff Personal Injury Court, at the request of the presiding sheriff. Legal aid, administered by the Scottish Legal Aid Board, is available to persons with little disposable income for cases in the Court of Session.
The High Court of Justiciary is the supreme criminal court in Scotland. The High Court is both a trial court and a court of appeal. As a trial court, the High Court sits on circuit at Parliament House or in the adjacent former Sheriff Court building in the Old Town in Edinburgh, or in dedicated buildings in Glasgow and Aberdeen. The High Court sometimes sits in various smaller towns in Scotland, where it uses the local sheriff court building. As an appeal court, the High Court sits only in Edinburgh. On one occasion the High Court of Justiciary sat outside Scotland, at Zeist in the Netherlands during the Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial, as the Scottish Court in the Netherlands. At Zeist the High Court sat both as a trial court, and an appeal court for the initial appeal by Abdelbaset al-Megrahi.
The Courts of Ireland consist of the Supreme Court, the Court of Appeal, the High Court, the Circuit Court, the District Court and the Special Criminal Court. With the exception of the Special Criminal Court, all courts exercise both civil and criminal jurisdiction, although when the High Court is exercising its criminal jurisdiction it is known as the Central Criminal Court.
The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom is the final court of appeal in the United Kingdom for all civil cases, and for criminal cases originating in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. As the United Kingdom’s highest appellate court for these matters, it hears cases of the greatest public or constitutional importance affecting the whole population.
The chief justice of Ireland is the president of the Supreme Court of Ireland. The chief justice is the highest judicial office and most senior judge in Ireland. The role includes constitutional and administrative duties, in addition to taking part in ordinary judicial proceedings.
The High Court of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is a part of the legal system of Hong Kong. It consists of the Court of Appeal and the Court of First Instance; it deals with criminal and civil cases which have risen beyond the lower courts. It is a superior court of record of unlimited civil and criminal jurisdiction. It was named the Supreme Court before 1997. Though previously named the Supreme Court, this Court has long been the local equivalent to the Senior Courts of England and Wales and has never been vested with the power of final adjudication.
Derek Schofield, is a British lawyer and the former Chief Justice of Gibraltar. He was removed from office in 2009 in controversial circumstances.
The Judicial Appointments Commission (JAC) is an independent commission that selects candidates for judicial office in courts and tribunals in England and Wales and for some tribunals whose jurisdiction extends to Scotland or Northern Ireland.
There are various levels of judiciary in England and Wales—different types of courts have different styles of judges. They also form a strict hierarchy of importance, in line with the order of the courts in which they sit, so that judges of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales are given more weight than district judges sitting in county courts and magistrates' courts. On 1 April 2020 there were 3,174 judges in post in England and Wales. Some judges with United Kingdom-wide jurisdiction also sit in England and Wales, particularly Justices of the United Kingdom Supreme Court and members of the tribunals judiciary.
The judiciary of Malta interprets and applies the laws of Malta, to ensure equal justice under law, and to provide a mechanism for dispute resolution. The legal system of Malta is based partially on English law and partly on Continental law, whilst also being subject to European Union law.
George Bernard Francis Clarke is an Irish barrister who was Chief Justice of Ireland from July 2017 to October 2021.
Sir Terence Arnold is a judge of the Supreme Court of New Zealand. He was the Solicitor-General of New Zealand from 2000, before being made a judge of the Court of Appeal of New Zealand in 2006. He was elevated to the Supreme Court on 11 June 2013.
William Martin McKechnie, SC is an Irish judge who served as a Judge of the Supreme Court from 2010 and 2021 and a Judge of the High Court from 2000 to 2010.
The judiciary of Scotland are the judicial office holders who sit in the courts of Scotland and make decisions in both civil and criminal cases. Judges make sure that cases and verdicts are within the parameters set by Scots law, and they must hand down appropriate judgments and sentences. Judicial independence is guaranteed in law, with a legal duty on Scottish Ministers, the Lord Advocate and the Members of the Scottish Parliament to uphold judicial independence, and barring them from influencing the judges through any form of special access.
Alan Mahon is a retired Irish judge who served as a judge of the Court of Appeal from 2014 to 2018 and a judge of the Circuit Court from 2002 to 2014.
Peter Mitchel Andrew Charleton is an Irish judge who has served as a Judge of the Supreme Court of Ireland since June 2014. He previously served as a Judge of the High Court from 2006 to 2014.
Gerard William Augustine Hogan, is an Irish judge, lawyer and academic who has served as a Judge of the Supreme Court of Ireland since October 2021. He previously served as Advocate General of the European Court of Justice from 2018 to 2021, a Judge of the Court of Appeal from 2014 to 2018 and a Judge of the High Court from 2010 to 2014. Hogan first worked as a barrister and lecturer in law specialising in constitutional and administrative law.
Mary Irvine is an Irish judge who was the President of the Irish High Court between 2020 and 2022. She first practiced as a barrister. She was a judge of the High Court between 2007 and 2014. She was a judge of the Court of Appeal from 2014 to 2019 and served as a judge of the Supreme Court of Ireland from May 2019 until becoming President of the High Court on 18 June 2020. She was an ex officio member of the Supreme Court and the Court of Appeal.
Mary Finlay Geoghegan is a retired Irish judge and lawyer. She was appointed to the High Court in 2002 and promoted to a newly established Court of Appeal from 2014. She became a Judge of the Supreme Court of Ireland from 2017, before retiring in 2019.
Michael White is an Irish judge who served as a judge of the High Court between 2011 and 2021 and a judge of the Circuit Court between 1996 and 2011. He was formerly a politician and solicitor and was one of the first solicitors to be appointed the Irish judiciary.
References
- 1 2 3 4 "New High Court judge is appointed". The Irish Times . 16 January 2003. Retrieved 23 June 2019.
- ↑ "Paul Gilligan". European Law Institute. Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2019.
- ↑ O'Halloran, Marie (12 October 1999). "Mitchell winds up inquiry" . Retrieved 23 June 2019.
- 1 2 "Tributes paid to Mr Justice Gilligan as he retires from the bench". Irish Legal News. 17 May 2018. Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2019.
- 1 2 3 O'Faolain, Aodhan (16 May 2018). "Attorney general pays tribute to Mr Justice Paul Gilligan on his retirement". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 13 July 2018. Retrieved 23 June 2019.
- ↑ "Preliminary Submission to the Department of Justice and Equality's Public Consultation on the Judicial Appointments Process" (PDF). Judicial Appointments Review Committee. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 August 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2019.
- ↑ "President appoints Mr. Justice Paul Gilligan as judge of the Court of Appeal". President of Ireland. Archived from the original on 12 December 2020. Retrieved 23 June 2019.
- ↑ "Ex-solicitor is elevated to Supreme Court bench". Law Society Gazette. 8 November 2017. Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2019.
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