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Avida is an artificial life software platform to study the evolutionary biology of self-replicating and evolving computer programs. Avida is under active development by Charles Ofria's Digital Evolution Lab at Michigan State University;the first version of Avida was designed in 1993 by Ofria,Chris Adami and C. Titus Brown at Caltech,and has been fully reengineered by Ofria on multiple occasions since then. The software was originally inspired by the Tierra system.
Experimental evolution is the use of laboratory experiments or controlled field manipulations to explore evolutionary dynamics. Evolution may be observed in the laboratory as individuals/populations adapt to new environmental conditions by natural selection.
Richard E. Lenski is an American evolutionary biologist,the John A. Hannah Distinguished Professor of Microbial Ecology at Michigan State University. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and a MacArthur Fellow. Lenski is best known for his still ongoing 36-year-old long-term E. coli evolution experiment,which has been instrumental in understanding the core processes of evolution,including mutation rates,clonal interference,antibiotic resistance,the evolution of novel traits,and speciation. He is also well known for his pioneering work in studying evolution digitally using self-replicating organisms called Avida.
Michael Lynch is an American geneticist who is the Director of the Biodesign Institute for Mechanisms of Evolution at Arizona State University,Tempe,Arizona.
Dr. Charles A. Ofria is a Professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Michigan State University,the director of the Digital Evolution (DEvo) Lab there,and Director of the BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action. He is the son of the late Charles Ofria,who developed the first fully integrated shop management program for the automotive repair industry. Ofria attended Stuyvesant High School and graduated from Ward Melville High School in 1991. He obtained a B.S. in Computer Science,Pure Mathematics,and Applied Mathematics from Stony Brook University in 1994,and a Ph.D. in Computation and Neural Systems from the California Institute of Technology in 1999. Ofria's research focuses on the interplay between computer science and Darwinian evolution.
The E. coli long-term evolution experiment (LTEE) is an ongoing study in experimental evolution begun by Richard Lenski at the University of California,Irvine,carried on by Lenski and colleagues at Michigan State University,and currently overseen by Jeffrey Barrick at the University of Texas at Austin. It has been tracking genetic changes in 12 initially identical populations of asexual Escherichia coli bacteria since 24 February 1988. Lenski performed the 10,000th transfer of the experiment on March 13,2017. The populations reached over 73,000 generations in early 2020,shortly before being frozen because of the COVID-19 pandemic. In September 2020,the LTEE experiment was resumed using the frozen stocks. When the populations reached 75,000 generations,the LTEE was transferred from the Lenski lab to the Barrick lab. In August 2024,the LTEE populations passed 80,000 generations in the Barrick lab.
Mohamed Noor is the Executive Vice Provost and a Professor in the Biology Department at Duke University. His specialties include evolution,genetics and genomics.
Günter P. Wagner is an Austrian-born evolutionary biologist who is Professor of Ecology and Evolutionary biology at Yale University,and head of the Wagner Lab.
Jon Allen Seger is an American evolutionary ecologist,and Distinguished Professor of Biology at the University of Utah. He helped develop the theory of bet-hedging in biology. His work has appeared in leading scientific journals such as Nature,Science,Nature Genetics,Molecular Biology and Evolution,Journal of Evolutionary Biology,as well as popular magazines such as Scientific American.
Paul B. Rothman is the former Frances Watt Baker,M.D.,and Lenox D. Baker Jr.,M.D.,Dean of the Medical Faculty,vice president for medicine at Johns Hopkins University,and former chief executive officer of Johns Hopkins Medicine. As dean and CEO,Rothman oversaw both the School of Medicine and the Johns Hopkins Health System,which together encompass six hospitals,hundreds of faculty and community physicians and a self-funded health plan.
Zachary D. Blount is an American evolutionary biologist best known for his work on the evolution of a key innovation,aerobic growth on citrate,in one of the twelve populations of the E. coli long-term evolution experiment. Blount is a research assistant professor working with Richard Lenski at Michigan State University. He was previously a postdoctoral research assistant for Lenski,and was a visiting assistant professor of biology at Kenyon College from 2018 to 2019.
Ruth Geyer Shaw is a professor and principal investigator in the Department of Ecology,Evolution and Behavior at the University of Minnesota. She studies the processes involved in genetic variation,specializing in plant population biology and evolutionary quantitative genetics. Her work is particularly relevant in studying the effects of stressors such as climate instability and population fragmentation on evolutionary change in populations. She has developed and applied new statistical methods for her field and is considered a leading population geneticist.
Jonathan B. Losos is an American evolutionary biologist,herpetologist and ailurologist.
The University of Pennsylvania College of Arts &Sciences (CAS) is the oldest undergraduate college at the University of Pennsylvania,a private Ivy League university,situated on the university's main campus in University City,Philadelphia. The college traces its roots to the establishment of a secondary school known as Unnamed Charity School in 1740. In 1749,Benjamin Franklin and twenty-one leading citizens of Philadelphia officially founded a secondary school named the Academy of Philadelphia. In 1755,the secondary school was expanded to include a collegiate division known as the College of Philadelphia. The secondary and collegiate institutions were known collectively as The Academy and College of Philadelphia. The college received its charter from Thomas Penn and Richard Penn. Penn CAS is the oldest institution of higher learning in the state of Pennsylvania and the sixth-oldest chartered college in the United States.
Armin Moczek is a German evolutionary biologist and full professor at Indiana University Bloomington.
Lee Altenberg is an American theoretical biologist. He is on the faculty of the Departments of Information and Computer Sciences and of Mathematics at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. He is best known for his work that helped establish the evolution of evolvability and modularity in the genotype–phenotype map as areas of investigation in evolutionary biology,for moving theoretical concepts between the fields of evolutionary biology and evolutionary computation,and for his mathematical unification and generalization of modifier gene models for the evolution of biological information transmission,putting under a single mathematical framework the evolution of mutation rates,recombination rates,sexual reproduction rates,and dispersal rates.
Paul E. Turner is an American evolutionary biologist and virologist,the Rachel Carson Professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at Yale University,and a faculty member in microbiology at the Yale School of Medicine. His research focuses on the evolutionary genetics of viruses,particularly bacteriophages and RNA viruses transmitted by mosquitoes.
Michael Travisano is an American evolutionary biologist,and a Distinguished McKnight University Professor at the University of Minnesota Twin Cities. From 2020 through August 2024,he was Head of Department in Ecology,Evolution &Behavior Department at the College of Biological Sciences.
Albert Farrell Bennett is an American zoologist,physiologist,evolutionary biologist,author,and academic. He is Dean Emeritus of the School of Biological Sciences at University of California,Irvine.
Jeffrey E. Barrick is a Professor in the Department of Molecular Biosciences at The University of Texas at Austin. His research uses the tools of genomics,synthetic biology,and molecular biology to study the evolution of microorganisms,including symbionts of insects. Since 2022,Barrick has directed the E. coli Long-Term Evolution Experiment (LTEE),which has been underway since 1988.
References
- 1 2 3 "View Content".
- ↑ "Paul Sniegowski | Committee on Evolutionary Biology | the University of Chicago".
- ↑ "Richard Lenski | Students and Colleagues".
- ↑ "Dr. Paul Sniegowski promoted to Professor of Biology | Department of Biology".
- ↑ "Paul Sniegowski Appointed Stephen A. Levin Family Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences | School of Arts and Sciences - University of Pennsylvania". 27 June 2017.
- ↑ E. coli long-term evolution experiment
- 1 2 "Paul Sniegowski named 21st president of Earlham College". 10 April 2024.