Paula Susan Bontempi | |
---|---|
Alma mater | Boston College, Texas A&M, University of Rhode Island |
Scientific career | |
Institutions | NASA, University of Rhode Island |
Thesis | Remote sensing of bio -optical water types, phytoplankton seasonality, and algal pigments in ocean margin waters (2001) |
Doctoral advisor | James Yoder |
Paula Susan Bontempi is an oceanographer who has led the use of satellites in marine science during her positions in NASA and as the dean of the Graduate School of Oceanography at the University of Rhode Island.
Bontempi's Ph.D. analyzed imagery from the SeaWIFS satellite to characterize spatial variability in chlorophyll as observed from space and was the first research to reveal a spring phytoplankton bloom off the southeastern continental United States. [1] Following time at the University of Southern Mississippi, Bontempi moved on to Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry at NASA Headquarters. During time at NASA, Bontempi led a research portfolio of projects in carbon cycle science, in both terrestrial and aquatic systems, and worked to diversify the community at NASA. [2] In 2010, Bontempi served on the Committee of Visitors that advised the National Science Foundation's Ocean Sciences Division on the logistics associated with how proposals are handled through the review process at NSF. [3] During time at NASA, Bontempi facilitated the funding of ideas and projects proposed by scientists to NASA [4] including the Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) mission [5] which will provide oceanographic and atmospheric data that allows scientists to investigate how the Earth is responding to a changing climate and as such is a key aspect of NASA science activities this decade. In preparation for the PACE mission, Bontempi presented the use of LIDAR from an airplane as a model for how data from the PACE mission would be handled. [6] Bontempi was the NASA program scientist [7] for the NASA- and National Science Foundation funded EXport Processes in the Ocean from RemoTe Sensing (EXPORTS) program, a venture that involves multiple research cruises, over 100 scientists, and almost 30 research institutions. [8] In 2020, Bontempi became the dean of the Graduate School of Oceanography at the University of Rhode Island. [9] [10] [11]
Bontempi was named a fellow of The Oceanography Society in 2019 [12] [13]
For her vision of what satellite-based ocean ecology could be, and tireless efforts to bring that vision to fruition in partnership with the community and space agencies
— The Oceanography Society
Bontempi participates in both national and international activities to advance understanding of the global carbon cycle. Bontempi was the co-chair of the US Carbon Cycle Interagency Working Group Science Program from 2008 to 2012, and concluded time at NASA as acting deputy director at NASA's Earth Science Division, Science Mission Directorate of NASA Headquarters in Washington, DC. In 2020, Bontempi advocated for breaking down barriers between departments in the federal funding of earth science during a workshop hosted by the National Academy. [14] [15]
Bontempi actively participates in educating the general public about climate change and science using multiple venues including interviews from popular magazines such as Marie Claire, [16] audio interviews with the StoryCorps project [17] and Audible, [18] and a TED talk in April 2021. [19] Bontempi spoke at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in a 2019 forum on climate change and maritime security [20] and has testified before the US House of Representatives on March 12, 2021 in a presentation to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. [21] [22] Sophia Academy included Bontempi in their 2021 Women of Wisdom celebration when they take the time to "elevate, appreciate, and celebrate the Women of Wisdom". [23] In May 2020, Bontempi spoke with the Federal News Network about the 2020 NASA International Space Apps Challenge and the potential use of satellite imagery as a part of solutions for the COVID-19 pandemic. [24]
Bontempi received a B.S. in Biology from Boston College in 1992, an M.S. in Oceanography from Texas A&M University in 1995, [25] and a Ph.D. from the University of Rhode Island in 2001. [26] [27]
Plankton are the diverse collection of organisms found in water that are unable to propel themselves against a current. The individual organisms constituting plankton are called plankters. In the ocean, they provide a crucial source of food to many small and large aquatic organisms, such as bivalves, fish, and baleen whales.
An algal bloom or algae bloom is a rapid increase or accumulation in the population of algae in freshwater or marine water systems. It is often recognized by the discoloration in the water from the algae's pigments. The term algae encompasses many types of aquatic photosynthetic organisms, both macroscopic multicellular organisms like seaweed and microscopic unicellular organisms like cyanobacteria. Algal bloom commonly refers to the rapid growth of microscopic unicellular algae, not macroscopic algae. An example of a macroscopic algal bloom is a kelp forest.
Phytoplankton are the autotrophic (self-feeding) components of the plankton community and a key part of ocean and freshwater ecosystems. The name comes from the Greek words φυτόν, meaning 'plant', and, meaning 'wanderer' or 'drifter'.
Zooplankton are the animal component of the planktonic community, having to consume other organisms to thrive. Plankton are aquatic organisms that are unable to swim effectively against currents. Consequently, they drift or are carried along by currents in the ocean, or by currents in seas, lakes or rivers.
The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution is a private, nonprofit research and higher education facility dedicated to the study of marine science and engineering.
Iron fertilization is the intentional introduction of iron-containing compounds to iron-poor areas of the ocean surface to stimulate phytoplankton production. This is intended to enhance biological productivity and/or accelerate carbon dioxide sequestration from the atmosphere. Iron is a trace element necessary for photosynthesis in plants. It is highly insoluble in sea water and in a variety of locations is the limiting nutrient for phytoplankton growth. Large algal blooms can be created by supplying iron to iron-deficient ocean waters. These blooms can nourish other organisms.
Sallie Watson "Penny" Chisholm is an American biological oceanographer at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She is an expert in the ecology and evolution of ocean microbes. Her research focuses particularly on the most abundant marine phytoplankton, Prochlorococcus, that she discovered in the 1980s with Rob Olson and other collaborators. She has a TED talk about their discovery and importance called "The tiny creature that secretly powers the planet".
Ocean color is the branch of ocean optics that specifically studies the color of the water and information that can be gained from looking at variations in color. The color of the ocean, while mainly blue, actually varies from blue to green or even yellow, brown or red in some cases. This field of study developed alongside water remote sensing, so it is focused mainly on how color is measured by instruments.
Donald James Baker is an American scientist who was trained as a physicist, practiced as an oceanographer, and has held science and management positions in academia, non-profit institutions, and government agencies. He a former Under Secretary of Commerce for Atmosphere and Oceans and administrator of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and currently director, Global Carbon Measurement Program, William J. Clinton Foundation working with forestry programs in developing countries with the aim of reducing carbon dioxide emissions and at the same time helping alleviate poverty.
A planktivore is an aquatic organism that feeds on planktonic food, including zooplankton and phytoplankton. Planktivorous organisms encompass a range of some of the planet's smallest to largest multicellular animals in both the present day and in the past billion years; basking sharks and copepods are just two examples of giant and microscopic organisms that feed upon plankton. Planktivory can be an important mechanism of top-down control that contributes to trophic cascades in aquatic and marine systems. There is a tremendous diversity of feeding strategies and behaviors that planktivores utilize to capture prey. Some planktivores utilize tides and currents to migrate between estuaries and coastal waters; other aquatic planktivores reside in lakes or reservoirs where diverse assemblages of plankton are present, or migrate vertically in the water column searching for prey. Planktivore populations can impact the abundance and community composition of planktonic species through their predation pressure, and planktivore migrations facilitate nutrient transport between benthic and pelagic habitats.
Alexandra (Alex) Z. Worden is a microbial ecologist and genome scientist known for her expertise in the ecology and evolution of ocean microbes and their influence on global biogeochemical cycles.
Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) is a NASA Earth-observing satellite mission that will continue and advance observations of global ocean color, biogeochemistry, and ecology, as well as the carbon cycle, aerosols and clouds. PACE will be used to identify the extent and duration of phytoplankton blooms and improve understanding of air quality. These and other uses of PACE data will benefit the economy and society, especially sectors that rely on water quality, fisheries and food security.
Collin Roesler is an American oceanographer. She is known for her work on optical oceanography, including research on harmful algal blooms in the Gulf of Maine and green icebergs.
David Michael Karl is an American microbial biologist and oceanographer. He is the Victor and Peggy Brandstrom Pavel Professor of Microbial Oceanography at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa and the Director of the University Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education.
Michael H. Freilich was an American oceanographer who served as director of the NASA Earth Science division from 2006–2019.
Ocean optics is the study of how light interacts with water and the materials in water. Although research often focuses on the sea, the field broadly includes rivers, lakes, inland waters, coastal waters, and large ocean basins. How light acts in water is critical to how ecosystems function underwater. Knowledge of ocean optics is needed in aquatic remote sensing research in order to understand what information can be extracted from the color of the water as it appears from satellite sensors in space. The color of the water as seen by satellites is known as ocean color. While ocean color is a key theme of ocean optics, optics is a broader term that also includes the development of underwater sensors using optical methods to study much more than just color, including ocean chemistry, particle size, imaging of microscopic plants and animals, and more.
Tatiana Rynearson is an American oceanographer who is a professor at the University of Rhode Island. Her research considers plankton diversity and abundance. Rynearson has been on several research cruises, including trips to the North Sea, Puget Sound, the Gulf of Mexico and the North Atlantic.
Curtis A. Suttle is a Canadian microbiologist and oceanographer who is a faculty member at the University of British Columbia. Suttle is a Distinguished University Professor who holds appointments in Earth & Ocean Sciences, Botany, Microbiology & Immunology and the Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. On 29 December, 2021 he was named to the Order of Canada. His research is focused on the ecology of viruses in marine systems as well as other natural environments.
Colleen Beckmann Mouw is an associate professor at the University of Rhode Island known for her work on phytoplankton ecology and increasing retention of women in oceanography.
Richard W. Murray, a geologist and oceanographer, is the Deputy Director and Vice President for Research at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) in Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Murray was previously a professor of earth and environment at Boston University (1992-2019), where he served as Chair of the Department of Earth Sciences (2000-2005), and Director of Boston University's Marine Program (2006-2009).
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