Paulina Jaramillo

Last updated
Paulina Jaramillo
Paulina Jaramillo at Next Einstein Forum.jpg
Jaramillo at the Next Einstein Forum in 2018
Born
Medellín
Alma mater Florida International University
Carnegie Mellon University
Scientific career
InstitutionsCarnegie Mellon University
Thesis A life cycle comparison of coal and natural gas for electricity generation and the production of transportation fuels  (2007)
Website https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4214-1106

Paulina Jaramillo is a Colombian-American engineer who is Professor of Engineering and Public Policy at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU). She serves as Director of the Green Design Institute. Her research focuses on energy system sustainability and climate change. She was selected as an Andrew Carnegie Fellow in 2020.

Contents

Early life and education

Jaramillo is from originally from Medellín, Colombia. [1] [2] She was an undergraduate student at Florida International University, where she majored in Civil and Environmental Engineering. [3] She completed her masters and doctoral degree in Civil and Environmental Engineering at Carnegie Mellon University, where she studied the life cycle of coal and natural gas for electricity generation. [4]

Research and career

Jaramillo's earliest research focused on using process-based life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate the climate impacts of coal and natural gas production and use in the USA. In 2007, she published one of the first papers to account for methane leakage in the life cycle climate impacts of natural gas. [5] In 2010, Jaramillo joined the faculty at Carnegie Mellon University as the Executive Director of the RenewElec project, [3] which focused on research to understand the barriers and opportunities for integrating variable and intermittent renewable resources in the US power system. [6] Jaramillo has noted that through the RenewElec project, she learned that the technical and economic constraints under which the power system is operated could be key drivers of the environmental impacts of power generation. [3] As a result, Jaramillo started working on consequential LCA research that integrates power system models into the LCA framework. Using this framework, Jaramillo and her research team have evaluated the climate impacts of electric vehicles, [7] [8] wind power, [9] [10] energy storage, [11] and even Amazonian hydropower. [12] [13]

Jaramillo also works to understand the climate impacts on power systems. Between 2015 and 2020, she led an NSF-funded collaborative project with hydro-climatologists at the University of Washington and the Pacific Northwest National Lab to evaluate the climate impacts on the power system in the Southeastern United States. This project developed models to understand how climate change will affect demand for electricity and lead to new operating constraints at individual power plants. [14] Furthermore, Jaramillo and her collaborators developed a power system model to integrate the new demand for electricity, power plant constraints, and hydro-climatology data to simulate the integrated operations of the power system under a broad set of climate change scenarios. [15] [16] This project also spun off research to evaluate the climate-induced risks to power generation in other regions of the world. [17]

Since 2019, Jaramillo has co-led on the Open Energy Outlook (OEO) Initiative, [18] a collaboration between CMU and North Carolina State University. Funded through a seed grant from the Sloan Foundation, the OEO initiative aims to bring energy modeling into the twenty-first century by applying the gold standards of policy-focused academic modeling, maximizing transparency, and building a networked community. The primary goal of this effort is to examine U.S. energy futures to inform future energy and climate policy efforts. [19]

In 2014, Jaramillo transitioned some of her work to focus on energy and environmental issues in the Global South. With funding from the Rockefeller Foundation and in collaboration with researchers at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Columbia University, the Rochester Institute of Technology, and the Colorado School of Mines, Jaramillo helped establish the Electricity Growth and Use in Developing Economies (e-GUIDE) Initiative. [20] This initiative seeks to transform the approaches used for planning and operations of electricity infrastructure in developing regions. Through this project, Jaramillo and her collaborators identified that the demand for electricity in rural communities is poorly understood and that energy system developers are observing unexpected trends in electricity demand. [21] Jaramillo and her team are also evaluating opportunities for productive uses of electricity that support utility business models. [22] Similarly, they have assessed options for "behind-the-meter" distributed energy systems to replace diesel generators prevalent in some Sub-Saharan African cities. [23]

For the 2016-2017 academic year, Jaramillo lived in Kigali, Rwanda and worked at the CMU Africa campus. [3] Jaramillo has suggested that witnessing first-hand the severity of air quality issues in the region, motivated her to analyze the linkage between unreliable electricity and emissions of local air pollutants in Sub-Saharan Africa. [24] That work also inspired the creation of the Africa qualité de l'air (AfriqAir) network. In partnership with several international organizations (including local institutions), AfriqAir is a new hybrid air quality monitoring network with over 50 low-cost sensors and reference-grade monitors, mainly in urban areas across 11 African countries. The research objectives of this project include evaluation of sensor performance across the different climates in Africa, integration of ground sensor data with satellite data to expand spatial data coverage, verification of air quality models, and investigation of air pollution health effects. In 2020, Jaramillo and her AfriqAir collaborators published the first paper evaluating air quality in Kigali, Rwanda. [25] Jaramillo and the AfriqAir team are now using the in-situ measurements from AfriqAir's hybrid sensor network, integrated with satellite-based measurements to deliver at-scale data products for air quality mapping. These methods and data can then be used for backcasting and forecasting air quality and performing source apportionment to identify specific sources of emissions.

In 2018, Jaramillo was selected to be a lead author for the report from Working Group III (WGIII) as part of the IPCC's 6th Assessment Report. WGIII is responsible for preparing the report about climate mitigation strategies, and Jaramillo was selected to co-author the chapter about mitigation in the Transportation Sector. [26] In August 2021, Jaramillo was promoted to the role of Coordinating Lead Author for the chapter. The final draft of the report was submitted for government review on November 1, 2021 and the final report will be released on April 4, 2022. [27] [28]

Awards and honors

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Causes of climate change</span> Effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent global warming

The scientific community has been investigating the causes of climate change for decades. After thousands of studies, it came to a consensus, where it is "unequivocal that human influence has warmed the atmosphere, ocean and land since pre-industrial times." This consensus is supported by around 200 scientific organizations worldwide, The dominant role in this climate change has been played by the direct emissions of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels. Indirect CO2 emissions from land use change, and the emissions of methane, nitrous oxide and other greenhouse gases play major supporting roles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Global warming potential</span> Potential heat absorbed by a greenhouse gas

Global warming potential (GWP) is an index to measure how much infrared thermal radiation a greenhouse gas would absorb over a given time frame after it has been added to the atmosphere. The GWP makes different greenhouse gases comparable with regard to their "effectiveness in causing radiative forcing". It is expressed as a multiple of the radiation that would be absorbed by the same mass of added carbon dioxide, which is taken as a reference gas. Therefore, the GWP has a value of 1 for CO2. For other gases it depends on how strongly the gas absorbs infrared thermal radiation, how quickly the gas leaves the atmosphere, and the time frame being considered.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Scientific consensus on climate change</span> Evaluation of climate change by the scientific community

There is a nearly unanimous scientific consensus that the Earth has been consistently warming since the start of the Industrial Revolution, that the rate of recent warming is largely unprecedented, and that this warming is mainly the result of a rapid increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) caused by human activities. The human activities causing this warming include fossil fuel combustion, cement production, and land use changes such as deforestation, with a significant supporting role from the other greenhouse gases such as methane and nitrous oxide. This human role in climate change is considered "unequivocal" and "incontrovertible".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sustainable energy</span> Energy that responsibly meets social, economic, and environmental needs

Energy is sustainable if it "meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." Definitions of sustainable energy usually look at its effects on the environment, the economy, and society. These impacts range from greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution to energy poverty and toxic waste. Renewable energy sources such as wind, hydro, solar, and geothermal energy can cause environmental damage, but are generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel sources.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Emission intensity</span> Emission rate of a pollutant

An emission intensity is the emission rate of a given pollutant relative to the intensity of a specific activity, or an industrial production process; for example grams of carbon dioxide released per megajoule of energy produced, or the ratio of greenhouse gas emissions produced to gross domestic product (GDP). Emission intensities are used to derive estimates of air pollutant or greenhouse gas emissions based on the amount of fuel combusted, the number of animals in animal husbandry, on industrial production levels, distances traveled or similar activity data. Emission intensities may also be used to compare the environmental impact of different fuels or activities. In some case the related terms emission factor and carbon intensity are used interchangeably. The jargon used can be different, for different fields/industrial sectors; normally the term "carbon" excludes other pollutants, such as particulate emissions. One commonly used figure is carbon intensity per kilowatt-hour (CIPK), which is used to compare emissions from different sources of electrical power.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Climate change mitigation</span> Actions to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions to limit climate change

Climate change mitigation (or decarbonisation) is action to limit the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere that cause climate change. Greenhouse gas emissions are primarily caused by people burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas. Phasing out fossil fuel use can happen by conserving energy and replacing fossil fuels with clean energy sources such as wind, hydro, solar, and nuclear power. Secondary mitigation strategies include changes to land use and removing carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. Governments have pledged to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but actions to date are insufficient to avoid dangerous levels of climate change.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carbon capture and storage</span> Collecting carbon dioxide from industrial emissions

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Climate change</span> Current rise in Earths average temperature and its effects

In common usage, climate change describes global warming—the ongoing increase in global average temperature—and its effects on Earth's climate system. Climate change in a broader sense also includes previous long-term changes to Earth's climate. The current rise in global average temperature is primarily caused by humans burning fossil fuels since the Industrial Revolution. Fossil fuel use, deforestation, and some agricultural and industrial practices add to greenhouse gases. These gases absorb some of the heat that the Earth radiates after it warms from sunlight, warming the lower atmosphere. Carbon dioxide, the primary greenhouse gas driving global warming, has grown by about 50% and is at levels unseen for millions of years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stratospheric aerosol injection</span> Putting particles in the stratosphere to reflect sunlight to limit global heating

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David W. Keith is a professor in the Department of the Geophysical Sciences at the University of Chicago. He joined the University of Chicago in April 2023. Keith previously served as the Gordon McKay Professor of Applied Physics for Harvard University's Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS) and professor of public policy for the Harvard Kennedy School at Harvard University. Early contributions include development of the first atom interferometer and a Fourier-transform spectrometer used by NASA to measure atmospheric temperature and radiation transfer from space.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Environmental impact of the energy industry</span>

The environmental impact of the energy industry is significant, as energy and natural resource consumption are closely related. Producing, transporting, or consuming energy all have an environmental impact. Energy has been harnessed by human beings for millennia. Initially it was with the use of fire for light, heat, cooking and for safety, and its use can be traced back at least 1.9 million years. In recent years there has been a trend towards the increased commercialization of various renewable energy sources. Scientific consensus on some of the main human activities that contribute to global warming are considered to be increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases, causing a warming effect, global changes to land surface, such as deforestation, for a warming effect, increasing concentrations of aerosols, mainly for a cooling effect.

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References

  1. ↑ "Episode 54: Paulina Jaramillo, Professor, Engineering and Public Policy, & Co-Director, Green Design Institute at Carnegie Mellon University". My Climate Journey. Retrieved 2021-04-24.
  2. ↑ "Dr. Paulina Jaramillo - Gender Summit". gender-summit.com. Retrieved 2021-04-24.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "DEC Lunch: Dr. Paulina Jaramillo". Dartmouth News. Retrieved 2021-04-24.
  4. ↑ Jaramillo, Paulina (2007). A life cycle comparison of coal and natural gas for electricity generation and the production of transportation fuels (PDF). OCLC   1039243743.
  5. ↑ Jaramillo, Paulina; Griffin, W. Michael; Matthews, H. Scott (2007-09-01). "Comparative Life-Cycle Air Emissions of Coal, Domestic Natural Gas, LNG, and SNG for Electricity Generation". Environmental Science & Technology. 41 (17): 6290–6296. Bibcode:2007EnST...41.6290J. doi:10.1021/es063031o. ISSN   0013-936X. PMID   17937317.
  6. ↑ "RenewElec Project Team". www.renewelec.org. Retrieved 2021-04-24.
  7. ↑ Weis, Allison; Jaramillo, Paulina; Michalek, Jeremy (2014-02-15). "Estimating the potential of controlled plug-in hybrid electric vehicle charging to reduce operational and capacity expansion costs for electric power systems with high wind penetration". Applied Energy. 115: 190–204. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.10.017. ISSN   0306-2619.
  8. ↑ Weis, Allison; Michalek, Jeremy J.; Jaramillo, Paulina; Lueken, Roger (2015-05-05). "Emissions and Cost Implications of Controlled Electric Vehicle Charging in the U.S. PJM Interconnection". Environmental Science & Technology. 49 (9): 5813–5819. Bibcode:2015EnST...49.5813W. doi:10.1021/es505822f. ISSN   0013-936X. PMID   25830471.
  9. ↑ Oates, David Luke; Jaramillo, Paulina (2013-05-15). "Production cost and air emissions impacts of coal cycling in power systems with large-scale wind penetration". Environmental Research Letters. 8 (2): 024022. Bibcode:2013ERL.....8b4022O. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/024022 . ISSN   1748-9326. S2CID   15323491.
  10. ↑ Rahmani, Mohsen; Jaramillo, Paulina; Hug, Gabriela (2016-08-01). "Implications of environmental regulation and coal plant retirements in systems with large scale penetration of wind power". Energy Policy. 95: 196–210. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2016.04.015 . ISSN   0301-4215.
  11. ↑ Craig, Michael T; Jaramillo, Paulina; Hodge, Bri-Mathias (2018-01-01). "Carbon dioxide emissions effects of grid-scale electricity storage in a decarbonizing power system". Environmental Research Letters. 13 (1): 014004. Bibcode:2018ERL....13a4004C. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/aa9a78 . ISSN   1748-9326. S2CID   158551154.
  12. ↑ de Faria, Felipe A M; Jaramillo, Paulina; Sawakuchi, Henrique O; Richey, Jeffrey E; Barros, Nathan (2015-12-01). "Estimating greenhouse gas emissions from future Amazonian hydroelectric reservoirs". Environmental Research Letters. 10 (12): 124019. Bibcode:2015ERL....10l4019D. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/10/12/124019 . ISSN   1748-9326. S2CID   53703263.
  13. ↑ de Faria, Felipe A. M.; Jaramillo, Paulina (2017-12-01). "The future of power generation in Brazil: An analysis of alternatives to Amazonian hydropower development". Energy for Sustainable Development. 41: 24–35. doi:10.1016/j.esd.2017.08.001. ISSN   0973-0826.
  14. ↑ Ralston Fonseca, Francisco; Jaramillo, Paulina; Bergés, Mario; Severnini, Edson (2019-06-01). "Seasonal effects of climate change on intra-day electricity demand patterns". Climatic Change. 154 (3): 435–451. Bibcode:2019ClCh..154..435R. doi:10.1007/s10584-019-02413-w. ISSN   1573-1480. S2CID   159118435.
  15. ↑ Ralston Fonseca, Francisco; Craig, Michael; Jaramillo, Paulina; Bergés, Mario; Severnini, Edson; Loew, Aviva; Zhai, Haibo; Cheng, Yifan; Nijssen, Bart; Voisin, Nathalie; Yearsley, John (2021-08-17). "Climate-Induced Tradeoffs in Planning and Operating Costs of a Regional Electricity System". Environmental Science & Technology. 55 (16): 11204–11215. Bibcode:2021EnST...5511204R. doi:10.1021/acs.est.1c01334. ISSN   0013-936X. OSTI   1821890. PMID   34342972. S2CID   236914496.
  16. ↑ Ralston Fonseca, Francisco; Craig, Michael; Jaramillo, Paulina; Bergés, Mario; Severnini, Edson; Loew, Aviva; Zhai, Haibo; Cheng, Yifan; Nijssen, Bart; Voisin, Nathalie; Yearsley, John (2021-02-16). "Effects of Climate Change on Capacity Expansion Decisions of an Electricity Generation Fleet in the Southeast U.S." Environmental Science & Technology. 55 (4): 2522–2531. Bibcode:2021EnST...55.2522R. doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c06547. ISSN   0013-936X. OSTI   1768871. PMID   33497216. S2CID   231755483.
  17. ↑ Caceres, Ana Lucia; Jaramillo, Paulina; Matthews, H. Scott; Samaras, Constantine; Nijssen, Bart (2021-04-01). "Hydropower under climate uncertainty: Characterizing the usable capacity of Brazilian, Colombian and Peruvian power plants under climate scenarios". Energy for Sustainable Development. 61: 217–229. doi: 10.1016/j.esd.2021.02.006 . ISSN   0973-0826. S2CID   233525574.
  18. ↑ "Open Energy Outlook" . Retrieved 2022-03-17.
  19. ↑ DeCarolis, Joseph F.; Jaramillo, Paulina; Johnson, Jeremiah X.; McCollum, David L.; Trutnevyte, Evelina; Daniels, David C.; Akın-Olçum, Gökçe; Bergerson, Joule; Cho, Soolyeon; Choi, Joon-Ho; Craig, Michael T. (2020-12-16). "Leveraging Open-Source Tools for Collaborative Macro-energy System Modeling Efforts". Joule. 4 (12): 2523–2526. doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2020.11.002 . ISSN   2542-4351. S2CID   229492155.
  20. ↑ "e-GUIDE: Electricity Growth and Use in Developing Economies". e-GUIDE: Electricity Growth and Use in Developing Economies. Retrieved 2022-03-17.
  21. ↑ Allee, Andrew; Williams, Nathaniel J.; Davis, Alexander; Jaramillo, Paulina (2021-06-01). "Predicting initial electricity demand in off-grid Tanzanian communities using customer survey data and machine learning models". Energy for Sustainable Development. 62: 56–66. doi: 10.1016/j.esd.2021.03.008 . ISSN   0973-0826. S2CID   233580160.
  22. ↑ Izar-Tenorio, Jorge L; Jaramillo, Paulina; Williams, Nathan (2021-10-01). "Techno-economic feasibility of small-scale pressurized irrigation in Ethiopia, Rwanda, and Uganda through an integrated modeling approach". Environmental Research Letters. 16 (10): 104048. Bibcode:2021ERL....16j4048I. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/ac2d69 . ISSN   1748-9326. S2CID   239032434.
  23. ↑ Udeani, Chukwudi; Jaramillo, Paulina; Williams, Nathaniel J. (2021-01-01). "A techno-economic and environmental assessment of residential rooftop solar - Battery systems in grid-connected households in Lagos, Nigeria". Development Engineering. 6: 100069. doi: 10.1016/j.deveng.2021.100069 . hdl: 10419/242326 . ISSN   2352-7285. S2CID   238874311.
  24. ↑ Dove, Adam. "When the power goes out, pollution rises". engineering.cmu.edu. Retrieved 2022-03-17.
  25. ↑ R Subramanian (2020-08-27). "Air pollution in Kigali, Rwanda: spatial and temporal variability, source contributions, and the impact of car-free Sundays". Clean Air Journal. 30 (2). doi: 10.17159/caj/2020/30/2.8023 . ISSN   1017-1703. S2CID   229536618.
  26. ↑ "IPCC Authors (beta)". archive.ipcc.ch. Retrieved 2022-03-17.
  27. ↑ "IPCC distributes final draft of Working Group III report to governments — IPCC" . Retrieved 2022-03-17.
  28. ↑ "Media registration for Working Group III contribution to Sixth Assessment Report — IPCC" . Retrieved 2022-03-17.
  29. ↑ University, Carnegie Mellon (2019-06-04). "College of Engineering names 2019 faculty award winners - Electrical and Computer Engineering - College of Engineering - Carnegie Mellon University". www.ece.cmu.edu. Retrieved 2021-04-24.
  30. ↑ "Fenves Award for Systems Research". engineering.cmu.edu. Retrieved 2021-04-24.
  31. ↑ York, Carnegie Corporation of New. "Paulina Jaramillo". Carnegie Corporation of New York. Retrieved 2021-04-24.
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