Related Research Articles
Allergies, also known as allergic diseases, are various conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to typically harmless substances in the environment. These diseases include hay fever, food allergies, atopic dermatitis, allergic asthma, and anaphylaxis. Symptoms may include red eyes, an itchy rash, sneezing, coughing, a runny nose, shortness of breath, or swelling. Note that food intolerances and food poisoning are separate conditions.
A food allergy is an abnormal immune response to food. The symptoms of the allergic reaction may range from mild to severe. They may include itchiness, swelling of the tongue, vomiting, diarrhea, hives, trouble breathing, or low blood pressure. This typically occurs within minutes to several hours of exposure. When the symptoms are severe, it is known as anaphylaxis. A food intolerance and food poisoning are separate conditions, not due to an immune response.
Fexofenadine, sold under the brand name Allegra among others, is an antihistamine pharmaceutical drug used in the treatment of allergy symptoms, such as hay fever and urticaria.
Omalizumab, sold under the brand name Xolair among others, is an injectable medication to treat severe persistent allergic forms of asthma, nasal polyps, urticaria (hives), and immunoglobulin E-mediated food allergy.
Allergen immunotherapy, also known as desensitization or hypo-sensitization, is a medical treatment for environmental allergies and asthma. Immunotherapy involves exposing people to larger and larger amounts of allergens in an attempt to change the immune system's response.
Peanut allergy is a type of food allergy to peanuts. It is different from tree nut allergies, because peanuts are legumes and not true nuts. Physical symptoms of allergic reaction can include itchiness, hives, swelling, eczema, sneezing, asthma attack, abdominal pain, drop in blood pressure, diarrhea, and cardiac arrest. Anaphylaxis may occur. Those with a history of asthma are more likely to be severely affected.
Soy allergy is a type of food allergy. It is a hypersensitivity to ingesting compounds in soy, causing an overreaction of the immune system, typically with physical symptoms, such as gastrointestinal discomfort, respiratory distress, or a skin reaction. Soy is among the eight most common foods inducing allergic reactions in children and adults. It has a prevalence of about 0.3% in the general population.
Milk allergy is an adverse immune reaction to one or more proteins in cow's milk. Symptoms may take hours to days to manifest, with symptoms including atopic dermatitis, inflammation of the esophagus, enteropathy involving the small intestine and proctocolitis involving the rectum and colon. However, rapid anaphylaxis is possible, a potentially life-threatening condition that requires treatment with epinephrine, among other measures.
Egg allergy is an immune hypersensitivity to proteins found in chicken eggs, and possibly goose, duck, or turkey eggs. Symptoms can be either rapid or gradual in onset. The latter can take hours to days to appear. The former may include anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening condition which requires treatment with epinephrine. Other presentations may include atopic dermatitis or inflammation of the esophagus.
A tree nut allergy is a hypersensitivity to dietary substances from tree nuts and edible tree seeds causing an overreaction of the immune system which may lead to severe physical symptoms. Tree nuts include almonds, Brazil nuts, cashews, chestnuts, filberts/hazelnuts, macadamia nuts, pecans, pistachios, shea nuts and walnuts.
Enzyme potentiated desensitization (EPD), is a treatment for allergies developed in the 1960s by Dr. Leonard M. McEwen in the United Kingdom. EPD uses much lower doses of antigens than conventional desensitization treatment paired with the enzyme β-glucuronidase. EPD is approved in the United Kingdom for the treatment of hay fever, food allergy and intolerance and environmental allergies.
Talizumab (TNX-901) is a humanized monoclonal antibody that was under development by Tanox in Houston, Texas as a new-concept therapeutic for allergic diseases. The unique anti-IgE antibody was designed to target immunoglobulin E (IgE) and IgE-expressing B lymphocytes specifically, without binding to IgE already bound by the high affinity IgE receptors on mast cells and basophils. Talizumab was tested in clinical trials at National Jewish Medical and Research Center and other medical centers and allergy clinics across the U. S. and shown to be able to prevent allergic reactions to accidental exposure to peanuts, which is contained in many kinds of foods.
In medicine, desensitization is a method to reduce or eliminate an organism's negative reaction to a substance or stimulus.
Dupilumab, sold under the brand name Dupixent, is a monoclonal antibody blocking interleukin 4 and interleukin 13, used for allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis (eczema), asthma and nasal polyps which result in chronic sinusitis. It is also used for the treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis and prurigo nodularis.
Risankizumab, sold under the brand name Skyrizi, is a humanized monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of plaque psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and Crohn's disease. It is designed to target interleukin 23A (IL-23A). It is given by subcutaneous injection.
Abrocitinib, sold under the brand name Cibinqo, is a medication used for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (eczema). It is a Janus kinase inhibitor and it was developed by Pfizer. It is taken by mouth.
Fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium bromide/vilanterol, sold under the brand name Trelegy Ellipta among others, is a fixed-dose combination inhaled medication that is used for the maintenance treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The medications work in different ways: fluticasone furoate is an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS), umeclidinium is a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA), and vilanterol is a long-acting beta-agonist (LABA).
Dust mite allergy, also known as house dust allergy, is a sensitization and allergic reaction to the droppings of house dust mites. The allergy is common and can trigger allergic reactions such as asthma, eczema or itching. The mite's gut contains potent digestive enzymes that persist in their feces and are major inducers of allergic reactions such as wheezing. The mite's exoskeleton can also contribute to allergic reactions. Unlike scabies mites or skin follicle mites, house dust mites do not burrow under the skin and are not parasitic.
Berotralstat, sold under the brand name Orladeyo, is a medication used to prevent attacks of hereditary angioedema (HAE) in people aged twelve years and older.
A food allergy to sesame seeds has prevalence estimates in the range of 0.1–0.2% of the general population, and are higher in the Middle East and other countries where sesame seeds are used in traditional foods. Reporting of sesame seed allergy has increased in the 21st century, either due to a true increase from exposure to more sesame foods or due to an increase in awareness. Increasing sesame allergy rates have induced more countries to regulate food labels to identify sesame ingredients in products and the potential for allergy. In the United States, sesame became the ninth food allergen with mandatory labeling, effective 1 January 2023.
References
- ↑ "Palforzia - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". (emc). 15 July 2021. Archived from the original on 28 May 2022. Retrieved 24 March 2022.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Palforzia Initial Dose Escalation- peanut kit Palforzia (Level 1)- peanut powder Palforzia (Level 2)- peanut powder Palforzia (Level 3)- peanut kit Palforzia (Level 4)- peanut powder Palforzia (Level 5)- peanut powder Palforzia (Level 6)- peanut powder Palforzia (Level 7)- peanut kit Palforzia (Level 8)- peanut kit Palforzia (Level 9)- peanut powder Palforzia (Level 10)- peanut kit Palforzia (Level 11)- peanut powder". DailyMed. 14 February 2020. Archived from the original on 9 August 2024. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
- 1 2 "Palforzia". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 7 February 2020. STN: 125696. Archived from the original on 13 February 2020. Retrieved 12 February 2020.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain . - 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Palforzia EPAR". European Medicines Agency. 13 October 2020. Archived from the original on 18 February 2022. Retrieved 24 March 2022. Text was copied from this source which is copyright European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.
- ↑ "Palforzia Product information". Union Register of medicinal products. Archived from the original on 5 March 2023. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "FDA approves first drug for treatment of peanut allergy for children". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Press release). 31 January 2020. Archived from the original on 1 February 2020. Retrieved 31 January 2020. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
- 1 2 3 "Palforzia Approval Letter". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 31 January 2020. Archived from the original on 26 December 2020. Retrieved 13 February 2020.
- ↑ "The FDA has approved the first drug to treat peanut allergies". Science News. 4 February 2020. Archived from the original on 9 August 2024. Retrieved 13 February 2020.
- ↑ "FDA Roundup: July 26, 2024". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Press release). 26 July 2024. Archived from the original on 9 August 2024. Retrieved 8 August 2024. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
- 1 2 Eiwegger T, Anagnostou K, Arasi S, Bégin P, Ben-Shoshan M, Beyer K, et al. (April 2020). "Conflicting verdicts on peanut oral immunotherapy from the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review and US Food and Drug Administration Advisory Committee: Where do we go from here?". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 145 (4): 1153–1156. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.10.021 . PMID 31678426.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: overridden setting (link) - ↑ "Palforzia: Pending EC decision". European Medicines Agency (EMA). 16 October 2020. Archived from the original on 10 November 2020. Retrieved 16 October 2020. Text was copied from this source which is copyright European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.
- ↑ Chu DK, Wood RA, French S, Fiocchi A, Jordana M, Waserman S, et al. (June 2019). "Oral immunotherapy for peanut allergy (PACE): a systematic review and meta-analysis of efficacy and safety". Lancet. 393 (10187): 2222–2232. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30420-9. PMID 31030987. S2CID 131777064.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: overridden setting (link)
